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The Antıstemıtıc Propaganda Actıvıtıes In Serbıa Under The Occupatıon Of Nazı Germany

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 441 - 450, 16.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.636535

Abstract

In this process, posters, one of the most popular mass media tools in that period, were effectively used in the Nazis' anti-Semitic propaganda activities. In the context of the study, it was tried to explain how and in what way the anti-Semitism was built by the Nazis through the posters in Serbia. For this purpose, 8 propaganda posters, which were determined by using purposeful sampling method among the anti-Semitic propaganda posters in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, were examined by semiotic analysis method in the qualitative research methods. In the findings, it was seen that the propaganda myth that the Jews dominated Serbia in the economic and social arenas.

References

  • Antic, A. (2014). The Rapeutic Fascism: Re-Educating Communists in Nazi-OccupiedSerbia, 1942–44. History of Psychiatry, 25(1), 35-56.
  • Bachrach, S. (2004). In the Name of Public Health-Nazi Racial Hygiene. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 417-419.
  • Browning, C. R. (1983). Wehrmacht Reprisal Policy and the Mass Murder of Jews in Serbia. Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift, (1), 31-47.
  • Bytwerk, R. L. (2005). The Argument for Genocide in Nazi Propaganda. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 91(1), 37-62.
  • Bytwerk, R. L. (2015). Believing in “Inner Truth”: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in Nazi Propaganda, 1933–1945. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 29(2), 212-229.
  • Cohen, P. J. (1996). Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History (No. 2). United States: Texas A&M University Press.
  • Fiske, J. (2017). İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. Süleyman İrvan (Çev.). 5. Basım. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Garaudy, R. (1977). Religious and Historical Pretexts of Zionism. Journal of Palestine Studies, 6(2), 41-52.
  • Gilbert, M. (2011). Churchill, Süha Sertabiboğlu (Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Grabowski, J. (2009). German Anti-Jewish Propaganda in the Generalgouvernement, 1939–1945: Inciting Hate Through Posters, Films, and Exhibitions. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 23(3), 381-412.
  • Greble, E. (2016). Saraybosna 1941-1945 "Hitler Avrupası'nda Müslümanlar, Hıristiyanlar ve Yahudiler", Ebru Sürmeli (Çev.). İstanbul: Tarihçi Kitapevi.
  • Hart, B. L. (2015). İkinci Dünya Savaşı Tarihi. Kerim Bağrıaçık (Çev.). İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Herf, J. (2005). The “Jewish War”: Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 19(1), 51-80.
  • Herf, J. (2006). Convergence: the Classic Case Nazi Germany, Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism during World War II. The Journal of Israeli History, 25(1), 63-83.
  • İşler, A. (2019). İsrail’in Kuruluşunda Muhafazakâr Camianın Yaklaşımı. İçtimaiyat, 3(2), 121-128 .
  • Kalkan Kocabay, H. (2008). Tiyatroda Göstergebilim. İstanbul: E Yayınları.
  • Keegan, J. (2016). İkinci Dünya Savaşı. Samet Öksüz (Çev.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Kershaw, I. (2009). Hitler, 1936-1945: Nemesis. Zarife Biliz (Çev.).2. Cilt, İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
  • Kohl, D. (2011). The Presentation of “self” and “other” in Nazi propaganda. Psychology & Society, 4(1), 7-26.
  • Lewy, G. (1999). Gypsies and Jews under the Nazis. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 13(3), 383-404.
  • Macksey, K. J. (2012). İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Askeri Hatalar. M. Tanju Akad (Çev.). İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Mazower, M. (2014). Hitler İmparatorluğu, İşgal Avrupa'sından Nazi Yönetimi. Yavuz Alogan (Çev.). 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • McNab, C. (2015). Hitler'in Ordusu, Nazi Savaş Makinesinin Tarihi, 1939-1945.Okan Doğan (Çev.). İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Morgenthaler, S. (1991). Countering the pre-1933 Nazi Boycott against the Jews. The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, 36(1), 127-149.
  • Petrov, B. (2011). Ideology and Education in Occupied Serbia 1941-1944. Études Balkaniques, (1), 88-108.
  • Reinhartz, D. (1999). Unmarked Graves: the Destruction of the Yugoslav Roma in the Balkan Holocaust, 1941–1945. Journal of Genocide Research, 1(1), 81-89.
  • Rifat, M. (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Ristović, M. (2008). Rural ‘Anti-Utopia’ in the Ideology of Serbian Collaborationists in the Second World War. European Review of History-Revue Européenne D'histoire, 15(2), 179-192.
  • Safrian, H. (2000). Expediting Expropriation and Expulsion: The Impact of the “Vienna Model” on Anti-Jewish Policies in Nazi Germany, 1938. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 14(3), 390-414.
  • Shelach, M. (1987). Sajmište-an Extermination Camp in Serbia. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2(2), 243-260.
  • Smith, R. B. (1998). Anti-Semitism and Nazism: Reconciling Fromm and Goldhagen. American Behavioral Scientist, 41(9), 1324-1362.
  • USHMM (2019). Nazi Almanyası Tarafından Sırbistan'da Kullanılan Antisemitist Propaganda Posterleri.(Erişim Tarihi: 29.04.2019),https:// collections. ushmm. org/ search/?q =nazi+ serbia+ poster &search _field =all_fields&utf8 =%E2%9C%93.
  • Voigtländer, N., & Voth, H. J. (2012). Persecution Perpetuated: the Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(3), 1339-1392.
  • Voigtländer, N., & Voth, H. J. (2015). Nazi Indoctrination and Anti-Semitic Beliefs in Germany. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(26), 7931-7936.
  • Yourman, J. (1939). Propaganda Techniques Within Nazi Germany. The Journal of Educational Sociology, 13(3), 148-163.
  • Waddington, L. L. (2007). The Anti-Komintern and Nazi Anti-Bolshevik Propaganda in the 1930s. Journal of Contemporary History, 42(4), 573-594.
  • Warburg, G. (2010). Six Years of Hitler (RLE Responding to Fascism): The Jews Under the Nazi Regime. The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Wegner, G. (2014). Anti-Semitism and Schooling under the Third Reich. The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Yavuzoğlu, A. (2003). 20. yy.'da Faşist Paranoya, İstanbul: Sayfa Yayınları.
  • Zakić, M. (2014). The Price of Belonging to the Volk: Volks deutsche, Land Redistribution and Aryanization in the Serbian Banat, 1941-4. Journal of Contemporary History, 49(2), 320-340.

Nazi Almanyası İşgalindeki Sırbistan'da Antisemitist Propaganda Faaliyetleri

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 441 - 450, 16.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.636535

Abstract

Çalışma kapsamında Naziler tarafından posterler üzerinden Sırbistan'da antisemitizmin nasıl ve ne şekilde inşa edildiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Holokost Anıt Müzesi'nde bulunan antisemitist propaganda posterleri içerisinden amaçlı örneklem metodu kullanılarak belirlenen 8 propaganda posteri, nitel araştırma yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan göstergebilimsel analiz metodu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda, posterler üzerinden Yahudilerin Sırbistan'a ekonomik ve sosyal alanda hâkim olacağına yönelik propaganda mitinin inşa edildiği ve böylece Yahudilere yönelik doğrudan nefret söylemi meydana getirilmeye çalışıldığı görülmüştür.

References

  • Antic, A. (2014). The Rapeutic Fascism: Re-Educating Communists in Nazi-OccupiedSerbia, 1942–44. History of Psychiatry, 25(1), 35-56.
  • Bachrach, S. (2004). In the Name of Public Health-Nazi Racial Hygiene. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 417-419.
  • Browning, C. R. (1983). Wehrmacht Reprisal Policy and the Mass Murder of Jews in Serbia. Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift, (1), 31-47.
  • Bytwerk, R. L. (2005). The Argument for Genocide in Nazi Propaganda. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 91(1), 37-62.
  • Bytwerk, R. L. (2015). Believing in “Inner Truth”: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in Nazi Propaganda, 1933–1945. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 29(2), 212-229.
  • Cohen, P. J. (1996). Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History (No. 2). United States: Texas A&M University Press.
  • Fiske, J. (2017). İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. Süleyman İrvan (Çev.). 5. Basım. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Garaudy, R. (1977). Religious and Historical Pretexts of Zionism. Journal of Palestine Studies, 6(2), 41-52.
  • Gilbert, M. (2011). Churchill, Süha Sertabiboğlu (Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Grabowski, J. (2009). German Anti-Jewish Propaganda in the Generalgouvernement, 1939–1945: Inciting Hate Through Posters, Films, and Exhibitions. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 23(3), 381-412.
  • Greble, E. (2016). Saraybosna 1941-1945 "Hitler Avrupası'nda Müslümanlar, Hıristiyanlar ve Yahudiler", Ebru Sürmeli (Çev.). İstanbul: Tarihçi Kitapevi.
  • Hart, B. L. (2015). İkinci Dünya Savaşı Tarihi. Kerim Bağrıaçık (Çev.). İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Herf, J. (2005). The “Jewish War”: Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 19(1), 51-80.
  • Herf, J. (2006). Convergence: the Classic Case Nazi Germany, Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism during World War II. The Journal of Israeli History, 25(1), 63-83.
  • İşler, A. (2019). İsrail’in Kuruluşunda Muhafazakâr Camianın Yaklaşımı. İçtimaiyat, 3(2), 121-128 .
  • Kalkan Kocabay, H. (2008). Tiyatroda Göstergebilim. İstanbul: E Yayınları.
  • Keegan, J. (2016). İkinci Dünya Savaşı. Samet Öksüz (Çev.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Kershaw, I. (2009). Hitler, 1936-1945: Nemesis. Zarife Biliz (Çev.).2. Cilt, İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
  • Kohl, D. (2011). The Presentation of “self” and “other” in Nazi propaganda. Psychology & Society, 4(1), 7-26.
  • Lewy, G. (1999). Gypsies and Jews under the Nazis. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 13(3), 383-404.
  • Macksey, K. J. (2012). İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Askeri Hatalar. M. Tanju Akad (Çev.). İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Mazower, M. (2014). Hitler İmparatorluğu, İşgal Avrupa'sından Nazi Yönetimi. Yavuz Alogan (Çev.). 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • McNab, C. (2015). Hitler'in Ordusu, Nazi Savaş Makinesinin Tarihi, 1939-1945.Okan Doğan (Çev.). İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Morgenthaler, S. (1991). Countering the pre-1933 Nazi Boycott against the Jews. The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, 36(1), 127-149.
  • Petrov, B. (2011). Ideology and Education in Occupied Serbia 1941-1944. Études Balkaniques, (1), 88-108.
  • Reinhartz, D. (1999). Unmarked Graves: the Destruction of the Yugoslav Roma in the Balkan Holocaust, 1941–1945. Journal of Genocide Research, 1(1), 81-89.
  • Rifat, M. (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Ristović, M. (2008). Rural ‘Anti-Utopia’ in the Ideology of Serbian Collaborationists in the Second World War. European Review of History-Revue Européenne D'histoire, 15(2), 179-192.
  • Safrian, H. (2000). Expediting Expropriation and Expulsion: The Impact of the “Vienna Model” on Anti-Jewish Policies in Nazi Germany, 1938. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 14(3), 390-414.
  • Shelach, M. (1987). Sajmište-an Extermination Camp in Serbia. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2(2), 243-260.
  • Smith, R. B. (1998). Anti-Semitism and Nazism: Reconciling Fromm and Goldhagen. American Behavioral Scientist, 41(9), 1324-1362.
  • USHMM (2019). Nazi Almanyası Tarafından Sırbistan'da Kullanılan Antisemitist Propaganda Posterleri.(Erişim Tarihi: 29.04.2019),https:// collections. ushmm. org/ search/?q =nazi+ serbia+ poster &search _field =all_fields&utf8 =%E2%9C%93.
  • Voigtländer, N., & Voth, H. J. (2012). Persecution Perpetuated: the Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(3), 1339-1392.
  • Voigtländer, N., & Voth, H. J. (2015). Nazi Indoctrination and Anti-Semitic Beliefs in Germany. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(26), 7931-7936.
  • Yourman, J. (1939). Propaganda Techniques Within Nazi Germany. The Journal of Educational Sociology, 13(3), 148-163.
  • Waddington, L. L. (2007). The Anti-Komintern and Nazi Anti-Bolshevik Propaganda in the 1930s. Journal of Contemporary History, 42(4), 573-594.
  • Warburg, G. (2010). Six Years of Hitler (RLE Responding to Fascism): The Jews Under the Nazi Regime. The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Wegner, G. (2014). Anti-Semitism and Schooling under the Third Reich. The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Yavuzoğlu, A. (2003). 20. yy.'da Faşist Paranoya, İstanbul: Sayfa Yayınları.
  • Zakić, M. (2014). The Price of Belonging to the Volk: Volks deutsche, Land Redistribution and Aryanization in the Serbian Banat, 1941-4. Journal of Contemporary History, 49(2), 320-340.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Barış Yılmaz 0000-0003-0928-2481

Caner Çakı 0000-0002-1523-4649

Mehmet Ali Gazi 0000-0002-9239-4187

Publication Date March 16, 2020
Acceptance Date January 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yılmaz, M. B., Çakı, C., & Gazi, M. A. (2020). Nazi Almanyası İşgalindeki Sırbistan’da Antisemitist Propaganda Faaliyetleri. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.636535

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