Abstract
During the First World War, in Greece, the conflicts between the pro-German King Konstantinos I and the pro-British Prime Minister Eletherios Venizelos over Greece's position in the war led to national division. Between 1915 and 1917, the country was divided into two as the Venizelos government with the capital of Thessaloniki and the government of the King with the capital of Athens. In November 1916, the French commander, Admiral Louis Dartige du Fournet with his 3.000 men navy, requested the destroyers, military ammunition and the Piraeus Port to be handed over to the Allied Powers. Upon the King's refusal to do so, the occupation of Athens took place and clashes took place between the Epistrati, a pro-king civilian militant group, and the French forces. With the retreat of the French navy two days later, the Epistrati group attacked the pro-Venizelos civilians living in Athens and committed many murders. The author of the aforementioned letter, which we have transcribed and translated, informs Prime Minister Venizelos about the tragic story of her husband who was murdered by the "Epistrati" during these bloody events that went down in Greek history as "Noemvriana" and the shocking results of the national division in the eyes of the public. The letter is particularly noteworthy as it mirrors the woman's effort to send her daughter to New York to complete her higher education. However, no information has been found about the outcome of this attempt.
Keywords
Yunanistan Eletherios Venizelos Kadın Eğitim ve Kadın. Yunanistan, Eletherios Venizelos, Kadın, Eğitim ve Kadın. Greece Eleftherios Venizelos Woman Education and Woman. Greece, Eleftherios Venizelos, Woman, Education and Woman.
References
- AEB, Αρχείο Ελευθερίου Βενιζέλου-Φάκελος 372-066 [Benakis Müzesi, Eletherios Venizelos Arşivi-Dosya No: 372-066].
- MPRİSİMİ P., Maraki, Ένας αιώνας Ελλάδα. Μια διαφορετική προσέγγιση στη σχολική ιστορία, [Bir Yüzyıl Yunanistan, Okul Tarih Kitaplarına Farklı Bir Yaklaşım] Kastaniotis Yayınları, Atina 2000.
- MAVROKORDATOS Giorgos, Εθνικός διχασμός και μαζική οργάνωση 1. Οι Επίστρατοι του 1916., [Ulusal Ayrışma ve Toplu Örgütlenme, 1. 1916 Epistrati’leri] Aleksandria Yayınevi, Atina 1996.
- MAVROKORDATOS Giorgos, “Οι πολιτικές εξελίξεις. Από το Γουδί ως τη Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή” Ιστορία Νέου Ελληνισμού, 1770-2000, (Der. Vasilis Panagiotopoulos), [Siyasi Gelişmeler. Goudi’den Anadolu Bozgunu’na, Çağdaş Helenizm Tarihi, 1770-200], Cilt 6, Ellinika Grammata Yayınları, Atina 2003.
- PLOUMİDİS Spiridon G., “Συντηρητισμός εναντίον ριζοσπαστισμού: Η γλώσσα του Εθνικού Διχασμού”, Η κυβέρνηση της Θεσσαλονίκης: Η κορύφωση της σύγκρουσης δύο κόσμων. Ιστορική αποτίμηση 100 χρόνια μετά. Πρακτικά συμποσίου, [“Muhafazakarlığa Karşı Radikalizm: Ulusal Ayrışmanın Dili” İki Dünyanın Çatışmasının Doruğu, Tarihi Değerlendirme, Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı] Selanik 03-04.10.2016, ss. 120-130. SKOULSTOU V., N. Dimakopoulo, S. Kondi, Ιστορία Νεότερη και Σύγχρονη, [Çağdaş ve Modern Tarih], Cilt 3, OEDB Kilindros Basımevi, Atina 1999.
Abstract
During the First World War, in Greece, the conflicts between the pro-German King Konstantinos I and the pro-British Prime Minister Eletherios Venizelos over Greece's position in the war led to national division. Between 1915 and 1917, the country was divided into two as the Venizelos government with the capital of Thessaloniki and the government of the King with the capital of Athens. In November 1916, the French commander, Admiral Louis Dartige du Fournet with his 3.000 men navy, requested the destroyers, military ammunition and the Piraeus Port to be handed over to the Allied Powers. Upon the King's refusal to do so, the occupation of Athens took place and clashes took place between the Epistrati, a pro-king civilian militant group, and the French forces. With the retreat of the French navy two days later, the Epistrati group attacked the pro-Venizelos civilians living in Athens and committed many murders. The author of the aforementioned letter, which we have transcribed and translated, informs Prime Minister Venizelos about the tragic story of her husband who was murdered by the "Epistrati" during these bloody events that went down in Greek history as "Noemvriana" and the shocking results of the national division in the eyes of the public. The letter is particularly noteworthy as it mirrors the woman's effort to send her daughter to New York to complete her higher education. However, no information has been found about the outcome of this attempt.
Keywords
Yunanistan Eletherios Venizelos Kadın Eğitim ve Kadın. Yunanistan, Eletherios Venizelos, Kadın, Eğitim ve Kadın.
References
- AEB, Αρχείο Ελευθερίου Βενιζέλου-Φάκελος 372-066 [Benakis Müzesi, Eletherios Venizelos Arşivi-Dosya No: 372-066].
- MPRİSİMİ P., Maraki, Ένας αιώνας Ελλάδα. Μια διαφορετική προσέγγιση στη σχολική ιστορία, [Bir Yüzyıl Yunanistan, Okul Tarih Kitaplarına Farklı Bir Yaklaşım] Kastaniotis Yayınları, Atina 2000.
- MAVROKORDATOS Giorgos, Εθνικός διχασμός και μαζική οργάνωση 1. Οι Επίστρατοι του 1916., [Ulusal Ayrışma ve Toplu Örgütlenme, 1. 1916 Epistrati’leri] Aleksandria Yayınevi, Atina 1996.
- MAVROKORDATOS Giorgos, “Οι πολιτικές εξελίξεις. Από το Γουδί ως τη Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή” Ιστορία Νέου Ελληνισμού, 1770-2000, (Der. Vasilis Panagiotopoulos), [Siyasi Gelişmeler. Goudi’den Anadolu Bozgunu’na, Çağdaş Helenizm Tarihi, 1770-200], Cilt 6, Ellinika Grammata Yayınları, Atina 2003.
- PLOUMİDİS Spiridon G., “Συντηρητισμός εναντίον ριζοσπαστισμού: Η γλώσσα του Εθνικού Διχασμού”, Η κυβέρνηση της Θεσσαλονίκης: Η κορύφωση της σύγκρουσης δύο κόσμων. Ιστορική αποτίμηση 100 χρόνια μετά. Πρακτικά συμποσίου, [“Muhafazakarlığa Karşı Radikalizm: Ulusal Ayrışmanın Dili” İki Dünyanın Çatışmasının Doruğu, Tarihi Değerlendirme, Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı] Selanik 03-04.10.2016, ss. 120-130. SKOULSTOU V., N. Dimakopoulo, S. Kondi, Ιστορία Νεότερη και Σύγχρονη, [Çağdaş ve Modern Tarih], Cilt 3, OEDB Kilindros Basımevi, Atina 1999.
Abstract
I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında Yunanistan’da Almanya yanlısı Kral I. Konstantinos ve İngiltere yanlısı Başbakan Eleftherios Venizelos arasındaki Yunanistan’ın savaştaki konumuna ilişkin ihtilaflar ulusal ayrışmaya yol açmıştır. Ülke 1915-1917 tarih aralığında Venizelos Hükümeti ve Kral yönetimi olarak ikiye bölünmüştür. Kasım 1916’da Fransız Komutan Amiral Louis Dartige du Fournet, yanındaki 3.000 kişilik bir donanma ile Kral yönetiminden muhriplerin, askeri mühimmatın ve Pire Limanı’nın İtilaf Devletleri’ne teslim edilmesini istemiştir. Kral yönetiminin bunu reddetmesi üzerine Atina’nın işgali gerçekleşmiş ve Kral yanlısı sivil militan bir grup olan Epistratiler ile Fransız güçleri arasında çatışmalar yaşanmıştır. Fransız donanmasının iki gün sonra geri çekilmesi ile birlikte Epistrati grubu Atina’da yaşayan Venizelos yanlısı halka çeşitli saldırılarda bulunarak bir çok cinayetler işlemiştir. Transkripsiyon ve çevirisini yaptığımız söz konusu mektubun yazarı, Başbakan Venizelos'a, Yunan tarihine "Noemvriana" olarak geçen bu kanlı olaylar sırasında Epistratiler tarafından katledilen kocasının trajik hikâyesinden ve ulusal ayrışmanın halk nezdindeki sarsıcı sonuçlarından bahsetmektedir. Mektup özellikle, annenin kızını yüksek tahsilini tamamlamak üzere New York’a gönderme çabasına ayna olması ile insani yönden dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak, bu girişimin sonucu hakkında herhangi bir bilgiye ulaşılamamıştır.
Keywords
Yunanistan Eletherios Venizelos Kadın Eğitim ve Kadın. Yunanistan, Eletherios Venizelos, Kadın, Eğitim ve Kadın.
References
- AEB, Αρχείο Ελευθερίου Βενιζέλου-Φάκελος 372-066 [Benakis Müzesi, Eletherios Venizelos Arşivi-Dosya No: 372-066].
- MPRİSİMİ P., Maraki, Ένας αιώνας Ελλάδα. Μια διαφορετική προσέγγιση στη σχολική ιστορία, [Bir Yüzyıl Yunanistan, Okul Tarih Kitaplarına Farklı Bir Yaklaşım] Kastaniotis Yayınları, Atina 2000.
- MAVROKORDATOS Giorgos, Εθνικός διχασμός και μαζική οργάνωση 1. Οι Επίστρατοι του 1916., [Ulusal Ayrışma ve Toplu Örgütlenme, 1. 1916 Epistrati’leri] Aleksandria Yayınevi, Atina 1996.
- MAVROKORDATOS Giorgos, “Οι πολιτικές εξελίξεις. Από το Γουδί ως τη Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή” Ιστορία Νέου Ελληνισμού, 1770-2000, (Der. Vasilis Panagiotopoulos), [Siyasi Gelişmeler. Goudi’den Anadolu Bozgunu’na, Çağdaş Helenizm Tarihi, 1770-200], Cilt 6, Ellinika Grammata Yayınları, Atina 2003.
- PLOUMİDİS Spiridon G., “Συντηρητισμός εναντίον ριζοσπαστισμού: Η γλώσσα του Εθνικού Διχασμού”, Η κυβέρνηση της Θεσσαλονίκης: Η κορύφωση της σύγκρουσης δύο κόσμων. Ιστορική αποτίμηση 100 χρόνια μετά. Πρακτικά συμποσίου, [“Muhafazakarlığa Karşı Radikalizm: Ulusal Ayrışmanın Dili” İki Dünyanın Çatışmasının Doruğu, Tarihi Değerlendirme, Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı] Selanik 03-04.10.2016, ss. 120-130. SKOULSTOU V., N. Dimakopoulo, S. Kondi, Ιστορία Νεότερη και Σύγχρονη, [Çağdaş ve Modern Tarih], Cilt 3, OEDB Kilindros Basımevi, Atina 1999.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Creative Arts and Writing |
| Journal Section | TRANSLATIONS |
| Translators | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2021 |
| Submission Date | December 17, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 4 |
