THE DIGITAL SECURITY ACT 2018 AND THE OBSTACLES TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND FREEDOM OF MEDIA IN BANGLADESH
Abstract
Bangladeş hükümeti, siber suçlarla mücadeleye yönelik tartışmalı bir Dijital Güvenlik Yasası 2018'i
onayladı. Ancak yasa, Bangladeş'te ifade özgürlüğü ve medya özgürlüğüne engel olabilir. Bangladeş
Anayasası (Madde 39), ifade özgürlüğünü ve medya özgürlüğünü temel haklar olarak kabul etse de,
bu mevcut yasa, serbest bilgi akışını desteklemek için bu dijital çağda uygulanmaya uygun ve etkili
değildir. Ülkenin hükümetine karşı, yasanın kendi çıkarları ve siyasi çıkarları için sürekli olarak
kötüye kullanıldığına dair birçok iddia var. Bu makale, yasanın Bangladeş'in konuşma özgürlüğü,
ifade özgürlüğü, medya özgürlüğü ve bilgi edinme hakkı üzerinde tehlikeli caydırıcı etkileri
olabilecek, geniş çapta tanımlanmış, ağır cezaları olan bir dizi suçu içerdiğini göstermektedir.
Çıkarılan bu yasa, ifade özgürlüğünü ve basın özgürlüğünü çeşitli şekillerde kısıtlamaktadır. Bu,
özellikle yalnızca bir inancı veya bir görüşü ifade ettiğinden, şiddetli ceza tehdidi yaratır. Bu da
mahkemeden izin almaksızın kanunu yanlış yorumlayarak vatandaşa suiistimal etme şansı verebilir.
Bu çalışma, mevcut dijital güvenlik yasası kapsamında ifade özgürlüğü ve özgür medyanın nasıl
karmaşık bir durumda olduğunu ve yasanın kötüye kullanılmasıyla vatandaşların ve gazetecilerin
nasıl zor durumlarla karşı karşıya kaldıklarını içerik analizi yöntemiyle açıklamayı ve
örneklendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, ifade özgürlüğü ile ilgili uluslararası belgeler, demokratik
bir ülkede ifade özgürlüğü ve medya özgürlüğünün korunmasına yönelik uluslararası standardı
göstermek için analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma, dijital güvenlik yasasının Bangladeş anayasasına,
uluslararası standartlara ve ayrıca demokrasinin değerine aykırı olduğunu ortaya koyuyor çünkü bu
yasa ifade özgürlüğünün ve bağımsız gazeteciliğin özgürce uygulanmasını engelliyor. İfade
özgürlüğü hakkını ve medya özgürlüğünü sağlamak için bu yasa değiştirilmelidir.
Keywords
Dijital Güvenlik Yasası 2018 İfade Özgürlüğü Medya Özgürlüğü Ciddi Cezalar İfade Özgürlüğünün Önündeki Engelle
References
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- American Convention on Human Rights, (1969), https://www.cidh.oas.org/ basicos/english/basic3.american%20convention.htm, Accessed on 20 April 2021.
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- European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). (2010), https://www.echr.coe.int/ documents/convention_eng.pdf, Accessed on 03 April 2021.
- Freedom of Speech, (2020). Amnesty International UK, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/free-speech-freedom-expression-human-right Accessed on 03 May, 2021.
- Halim, Sadeka (2015), Right to the freedom of expression, Daily Bangladesh Pratidin, https://www.bd-pratidin.com/open-air-theater/2015/03/15/68685, Accessed on 05 May 2021.
- Hoque, Abu Nasr Md. Gaziul (1992). Mass Media Laws and Regulations in Bangladesh. Singapore: Asian Mass Communication Research and Information Centre, 25.
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, (1966), https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx, Accessed on 20 April 2021.
- League of Arab States, Arab Charter on Human Rights, (2004), http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/loas2005.html, Accessed on 21 April 2021.
- Press freedom report: media self-censorship on rise in Bangladesh, https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/law-rights/2018/04/25/press-freedom-report-bangladesh-shows-no-progress, Accessed on 21 April 2021.
- Prothom Alo journo Rozina Islam arrested in Official Secrets Act case, (2021). https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2021/05/17/prothom-alo-journo-handed-over-to-police-by-health-ministry.
- Reporters Without Borders, (2020). Tougher politics, more press freedom violations. https://rsf.org/en/bangladesh, Accessed on 03 May, 2021.
- Runa, Sharmin Jahan (2019). The Challenges of Freedom of Expression and the Digital Security Act 2018. BiLD Law Journal 4(2): 75-92.
- Shahidul Alam shown arrested, 10-day remand sought, (2018). https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Shahidul-Alam-shown-arrested-sought-10-day-remand Accessed on 22 April 2021.
- The case for rescinding the Digital Security Act. Daily Star, (2021). https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/news/the-case-rescinding-the-digital-security-act-2055997, Accessed on 22 April 2021.
- The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (1972), http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-367/section-24587.html, Accessed on 01 May, 2021.
- The Contempt of Court Act. (1926), http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-140.html, Accessed on 01 April 2021.
- The Digital Security Act. (2018), https://www.cirt.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Digital-Security-Act-2020.pdf, Accessed on 01 April 2021.
- The Information and Communication Technology Act 2006 (Amendment on 2013). (2006), https://samsn.ifj.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Bangladesh-ICT-Act-2006.pdf, Accessed on 22 April 2021.
- The Official Secrets Act. (1923), http://bdcode.gov.bd/upload/bdcodeact/2019-11-03-10-19-31-138_The_Official_Secrets_Act_1923.pdf, Accessed on 01 April 2021.
- The Penal Code. (1860), http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-11.html, Accessed on 02 April 2021.
- Tougher politics, more press freedom violations, (2020) Reporters Without Borders, https://rsf.org/en/bangladesh Accessed on 05 May 2021.
- Universal Declaration on Human Rights which was adopted by the UN General Assembly, (1948). https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/, Accessed on 03 May, 2021.
Abstract
References
- African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, (1981), https://www.achpr.org/legalinstruments/detail?id=49, Accessed on 20 April 2021.
- American Convention on Human Rights, (1969), https://www.cidh.oas.org/ basicos/english/basic3.american%20convention.htm, Accessed on 20 April 2021.
- Asian Human Rights Declaration, (2012), https://asean.org/asean-human-rights-declaration/, Accessed on 21 April 2021.
- Asian Legal Resource Centre, Bangladesh: Absence of Freedom of Expression contributes to non-existence of the rule of law, https://alrc.asia/bangladesh-absence-of-freedom-of-expression-contributes-to-the-non-existence-of-the-rule-of-law/, Accessed on 03 May, 2021.
- Bangladeshi writer Mushtaq Ahmed, arrested 9 months ago for ‘anti-govt content’, dies in jail. (2021), https://theprint.in/world/bangladeshi-writer-mushtaq-ahmed-arrested-9-months-ago-for-anti-govt-content-dies-in-jail/612312/, Accessed on 21 April 2021.
- Code of Criminal Procedure. (1898), https://www.policinglaw.info/ assets/downloads/1898 _Code_of_Criminal_Procedure_(Bangladesh).pdf, Accessed on 02 April 2021.
- Concerned over abuse of Digital Security Act, demands review, Prothom alo. (2021), https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/concerned-over-abuse-of-digital-security-act-demands-review, Accessed on 21 April 2021.
- Digital Security Act: Over 1000 cases filed in two years, (2021). https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime-and-law/digital-security-act-over-1000-cases-filed-in-two-years Accessed on 01 May, 2021.
- European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). (2010), https://www.echr.coe.int/ documents/convention_eng.pdf, Accessed on 03 April 2021.
- Freedom of Speech, (2020). Amnesty International UK, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/free-speech-freedom-expression-human-right Accessed on 03 May, 2021.
- Halim, Sadeka (2015), Right to the freedom of expression, Daily Bangladesh Pratidin, https://www.bd-pratidin.com/open-air-theater/2015/03/15/68685, Accessed on 05 May 2021.
- Hoque, Abu Nasr Md. Gaziul (1992). Mass Media Laws and Regulations in Bangladesh. Singapore: Asian Mass Communication Research and Information Centre, 25.
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, (1966), https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx, Accessed on 20 April 2021.
- League of Arab States, Arab Charter on Human Rights, (2004), http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/loas2005.html, Accessed on 21 April 2021.
- Press freedom report: media self-censorship on rise in Bangladesh, https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/law-rights/2018/04/25/press-freedom-report-bangladesh-shows-no-progress, Accessed on 21 April 2021.
- Prothom Alo journo Rozina Islam arrested in Official Secrets Act case, (2021). https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2021/05/17/prothom-alo-journo-handed-over-to-police-by-health-ministry.
- Reporters Without Borders, (2020). Tougher politics, more press freedom violations. https://rsf.org/en/bangladesh, Accessed on 03 May, 2021.
- Runa, Sharmin Jahan (2019). The Challenges of Freedom of Expression and the Digital Security Act 2018. BiLD Law Journal 4(2): 75-92.
- Shahidul Alam shown arrested, 10-day remand sought, (2018). https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Shahidul-Alam-shown-arrested-sought-10-day-remand Accessed on 22 April 2021.
- The case for rescinding the Digital Security Act. Daily Star, (2021). https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/news/the-case-rescinding-the-digital-security-act-2055997, Accessed on 22 April 2021.
- The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (1972), http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-367/section-24587.html, Accessed on 01 May, 2021.
- The Contempt of Court Act. (1926), http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-140.html, Accessed on 01 April 2021.
- The Digital Security Act. (2018), https://www.cirt.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Digital-Security-Act-2020.pdf, Accessed on 01 April 2021.
- The Information and Communication Technology Act 2006 (Amendment on 2013). (2006), https://samsn.ifj.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Bangladesh-ICT-Act-2006.pdf, Accessed on 22 April 2021.
- The Official Secrets Act. (1923), http://bdcode.gov.bd/upload/bdcodeact/2019-11-03-10-19-31-138_The_Official_Secrets_Act_1923.pdf, Accessed on 01 April 2021.
- The Penal Code. (1860), http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-11.html, Accessed on 02 April 2021.
- Tougher politics, more press freedom violations, (2020) Reporters Without Borders, https://rsf.org/en/bangladesh Accessed on 05 May 2021.
- Universal Declaration on Human Rights which was adopted by the UN General Assembly, (1948). https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/, Accessed on 03 May, 2021.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2021 |
| Submission Date | December 2, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Issue: Özel Sayı |
