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ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ

Year 2023, Issue: 62, 35 - 65, 13.11.2023

Abstract

Çin’in artan gücü ve etkisi, başta küresel ekonomi olmak üzere, Asya güvenliğini, küresel yönetişimin yapısını ve dinamiklerini önemli ve kalıcı bir şekillerde yeniden düzenlemektedir. Bu süreçte,
Balkan bölgesine dair bir dış politika çerçevesi olmayan ve kayıtsız bir duruş sergileyen Çin’in özellikle Batı Balkan ülkeleri ile ikili ilişkilere önem verdiği ve bu ilişkileri stratejik öneme sahip sektörlere yaptığı yatırımlarla sürdürdüğü görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, 17+1 girişimi, bölgesel olarak geniş bir işbirliği ağı oluşumuna katkı sağlarken, Kuşak-Yol Projesi, Çin’in dış ticaretine alternatif ve tamamlayıcı rotalar ağı sağlamaktadır. Kuşak-Yol Projesi kapsamındaki rotada Batı Balkan ülkelerinin stratejik bir role sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu makalede, bağımlılık teorisi ve modern dünya sistemleri teorisi perspektifinden, Çin’in özellikle son on yılda Balkanlar’da uyguladığı politikalar analiz edilerek, Çin’in bölgeye yaptığı ekonomik yatırımlar, uzun vadeli proje girişimleri ve kurumsal ilişki kurma çabaları ele alınmaktadır. Bu çabaların yanında bölge ülkelerinde faaliyet gösteren Konfüçyüs Enstitülerinin, siyasi kanalların ve medya organlarının önemli etkileri görülmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında, makalede öncelikle Çin’in Balkan bölgesindeki etki süreci incelenerek tarihsel bir bakış açısı sağlanmış, Kuşak-Yol Projesi’ne dair oluşturulan ekonomik, politik ve kültürel altyapının yarattığı karşılıklı bağımlılık değerlendirilmiştir. Bu incelemeler yapılırken ortaya koyulan hipotez tümden gelim yönteminden hareketle bölge ülkeleri bağlamında ele alınmaktadır.

References

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  • Isufi, Perparim. ‘‘Kosovo Abandons Bid to Join Interpol This Year’’, Balkan Insight, 21.09.2017, https://balkaninsight.com/2017/09/21/kosovo-abandons-bid-to-join-interpol-this-year-09-21- 2017/,Erişim: 11.05.2022
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  • Khaze, Nina Markovic. Xiwen Wang, ‘‘Is China’s Rising Influence in the Western Balkans a Threat to European Integration?’’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, No.2, (2020, Vol:29), pp.234-250.
  • Kostika, Dragana. ‘‘Build It Bigger: Constructing Ada Bridge’’, 02.06.2013, https://stillinbelgrade. com/build-it-bigger-constructing-ada-bridge/ Erişim:30.12.2021
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  • Levchenko, Ihor. ‘‘Serbia is Under Pressure from Chinese Investments’’, 29.11.2021, https://neweasterneurope. eu/2021/11/29/serbia-is-under-pressure-from-chinese-investments/ Erişim: 30.12.2021
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  • Musabelliu, Marsela. Sino-Albanian Relations: 70 Years of Diplomatic Ties in Retrospect, Xiamen University, 2019.
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  • ‘‘North Macedonia’’, European Direct Strasbourg, https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/macedonia/, Erişim: 25.11.2021
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  • Pekmez, Irvin. ‘‘China in the Balkans: Controversy and Cost’’, BalkanInsight, 15.12.2021, https://balkaninsight.com/2021/12/15/china-in-the-balkans-controversy-and-cost/, Erişim: 02.01.2022
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  • Romaniuk, Scott Nicholas. ‘‘Dependency Theory’’, The Sage Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives (Ed. P. Joseph), Sage Publications, 2017, pp.481-483.
  • Sanfey, Peter. Jakov Milatovic, ‘‘The Western Balkans inTransition: Diagnosing the Constraints on the Path to a Sustainable Market Economy’’, London, England: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2018.
  • Santos, Theotonio Dos. ‘‘The Structure of Dependence’’, The American Economic Review, No.2. (Paper and Proceedings of the Eighty Second Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, Vol:60) 1970, pp.231-236
Year 2023, Issue: 62, 35 - 65, 13.11.2023

Abstract

References

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  • Andelman, David A. ‘‘China’s Balkan Strategy’’, International Security, No.3, (1979, Vol:4), pp.60-79. Balkan Insight, “Macedonia Buys New Trains from China.” 25.06.2014, https://balkaninsight. com/2014/06/25/macedonia-buys-new-trains-from-china/#:~:text=Macedonian%20Finance% 20Minister%20Zoran%20Stavreski,Chinese%20company%20CSR%20Corporation%20 Ltd , Erişim: 04.12.2021
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  • Brady, Anne Marie. Hiromichi Higashi, ‘‘Are We Real Friends? Albania-China Relations in the Xi Era’’, Sinopsis, (2019, Vol:17).
  • Braudel, Fernand. Afterthoughts on Material Civilization and Capitalism, (trans: Patricia M. Ranum). Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London,1979.
  • BRI International Green Development Coalition, ‘‘The Belt and Road Initiative Green Development Case Studies Report 2020’’, Springer, 04.2021, p.21-24, https://link.springer.com/content/ pdf/10.1007%2F978-981-16-3188-7.pdf, Erişim:01.01.2021
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  • Cela, Alba. ‘‘Albania and the Influence of Outside Actors’’, The Strategic Role of External Actors in The Western Balkans, 2020, pp.5-17
  • CGTN, ‘‘Chinese tourists to Bosnia and Herzegovina doubled in H1’’, 13.08.2019, https:// news.cgtn.com/news/2019-08-13/Chinese-tourists-to-Bosnia-and-Herzogovina-doubled- in-H1--J8eJ9XSrHa/index.html, Erişim:31.12.2021
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  • China.Org.Cn.‘‘Albania launches Tirana Confucius Institute’’, 19.11.2013, http://www.china.org. cn/arts/2013-11/19/content_30640572.htm, Erişim: 31.12.2021
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  • ‘‘Chinese Investment To Build Serbia’s First Industrial Park’’, Industry Europe, 30.04.2019 https:// industryeurope.com/sectors/construction-engineering/chinese-investment-to-build-serbias- first-industrial-park/ Erişim:30.12.2021
  • Conley, Heather A. et al., ‘‘China’s ‘Hub-and-Spoke’ Strategy in the Balkans’’, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), A Report of the Europe Program and the Reconnecting Asia Project, 2020.
  • Consulate-General of the People’s Republic of China in San Francisco, ‘‘The People’s Republic of China Recognizes the Republic of Montenegro’’, 2006, https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cgsf//eng/ xw/t258224.htm , Erişim:01.01.2021
  • Daskalovski, Zhidas. ‘‘Republic of Macedonia or North Macedonia?’’, Insight Turkey, No.2, (2019, Vol:21), pp. 63-74.
  • Ferraro, Vincent. ‘‘Dependency Theory: An Introduction’’, The Development Economics Reader, (Ed. Giorgio Secondi), Routledge, London, 2008, pp.58-64.
  • Findlay, Ronald. ‘‘Growth and Development in Trade Model’’, Handbook of International Economics, Cilt .1, 1984, pp.185-236.
  • Fitch Ratings, “China’s One Belt One Road Brings Risks”,09.03.2020, https://www.fitchratings. com/site/pr/1018144, Erişim:03.01.2022
  • Frank, Andre Gunder. The Development of Underdevelopment, New York, 1996.
  • Gallop, Pippa. ‘‘Construction Permit Denied for Banovići Coal Power Plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina’’, 15.12.2017, https://bankwatch.org/blog/construction-permit-denied-for-banovici-coal- power-plant-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina, Erişim:02.01.2021
  • Gilpin, Ropert, The Political Economy of International Relations, Princeton University Press, United Kingdom, 1987.
  • Grcic, Mladen. ‘‘Montenegro, The People’s Map of Global China’’, 30.07.2021, https://thepeoplesmap. net/country/montenegro/, Erişim: 01.01.2021
  • Heywood, Andrew. Küresel Siyaset, Adres Yayınları, (çev: Nasuh Uslu ve Haluk Özdemir), Ankara, 2011.
  • Hükümetlerarası Anlaşma Metinleri; (1954), Minutes of the Conversation between Vice Premier Li Xiannnian and the Head of the Albanian Government Delegation Behar Shtylla, https:// digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/134723, Erişim:01.01.2021
  • Huskiç, Adnan. ‘‘Bosnia and Herzegovina: Abandoned by the West, Embraced by the East?’’ The Western Balkans in The World: Linkages and Relations with Non-Western Countries, (Ed. Florian Bieber and Nikolaos Tzifakis), Routledge, London, 2019, pp.83-107.
  • Isufi, Perparim. ‘‘Kosovo Abandons Bid to Join Interpol This Year’’, Balkan Insight, 21.09.2017, https://balkaninsight.com/2017/09/21/kosovo-abandons-bid-to-join-interpol-this-year-09-21- 2017/,Erişim: 11.05.2022
  • Karastanovic, Azra. ‘‘Montenegro between the East and West: Who Will Prevail in the ‘Land of Seas and Mountains’?’’, The Strategic role of External Actors in The Western Balkans,2020, pp.28-47.
  • Khaze, Nina Markovic. Xiwen Wang, ‘‘Is China’s Rising Influence in the Western Balkans a Threat to European Integration?’’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, No.2, (2020, Vol:29), pp.234-250.
  • Kostika, Dragana. ‘‘Build It Bigger: Constructing Ada Bridge’’, 02.06.2013, https://stillinbelgrade. com/build-it-bigger-constructing-ada-bridge/ Erişim:30.12.2021
  • Krstinovska, Ana. ‘‘The Place of North Macedonia in China’s Strategy for the Western Balkans’’, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Skopje, 2019.
  • Levchenko, Ihor. ‘‘Serbia is Under Pressure from Chinese Investments’’, 29.11.2021, https://neweasterneurope. eu/2021/11/29/serbia-is-under-pressure-from-chinese-investments/ Erişim: 30.12.2021
  • Levitin, Oleg. Jakov Milatovic, Peter Sanfey, ‘‘China and South-Eastern Europe: Infrastructure, Trade and İnvestment Link’’, Department of Economics, Policy and Governance, EBRD, 2016.
  • Makocki, Michal. Zoran Nechev, ‘‘Balkan Corruption: The China Connection’’, 22.07.2017, https:// css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/ docs/EUISS-Alert_22_China-Balkan_corruption.pdf , p.2, Erişim:11.05.2022
  • Marciacq, Florent. ‘‘Serbia: Looking East, Going West?’’, The Western Balkans in The World: Linkages and Relations with Non-Western Countries, (Ed. Florian Bieber and Nikolaos Tzifakis), Routledge, London, 2019, pp.61-82.
  • Mardell, Jacob. ‘‘Postcard from the New Silk Road: A Highway to Nowhere’’, Berlin Policy Journal, 27.06.2019, https://berlinpolicyjournal.com/postcard-from-the-new-silk-road-a-highway-tonowhere/, Erişim: 03.12.2021
  • Marku, Ylber.Sino-Albanian Relations During the Cold War, 1949-1978 : an Albanian Perspective, Lingnan University, 2017.
  • Mirkovic, Milika. ‘‘Montenegro External Relations Briefing: Relations Between Montenegro and Major Powers’’, China CEE Institute, No. 4(ME), (2021, Vol:43).
  • Moravic, Jovana. ‘‘Montenegro: Always at a Crossroads’’, The Western Balkans in the World: Linkages and Relations with Non-Western Countries, (Ed. Florian Bieber and Nikolaos Tzifakis), Routledge, 2020, pp.146-163.
  • Musabelliu, Marsela. Sino-Albanian Relations: 70 Years of Diplomatic Ties in Retrospect, Xiamen University, 2019.
  • Nechev, Zoran. Ivan Nikolovski. ‘‘After Prespa: External Influences in North Macedonia’’, The Strategic Role of External Actors in the Western Balkans, 2021, pp.48-74.
  • ‘‘North Macedonia’’, European Direct Strasbourg, https://www.strasbourg-europe.eu/macedonia/, Erişim: 25.11.2021
  • ‘‘Nova Makedonija Interviews Ambassador Wen Zhenshun, Chinese Embassy in the Republic of Macedonia’’, 21.10.2015, https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/ zwbd_665378/t1307992.shtml Erişim: 04.12.2021
  • Pavlićević, Dragan. ‘‘Structural Power and the China-EU-Western Balkans Triangular Relations’’, Asia Europe Journal, No.4, (2019, Vol:17), pp.453-468.
  • Pekmez, Irvin. ‘‘China in the Balkans: Controversy and Cost’’, BalkanInsight, 15.12.2021, https://balkaninsight.com/2021/12/15/china-in-the-balkans-controversy-and-cost/, Erişim: 02.01.2022
  • Poulain, Loic. ‘‘China’s New Balkan Strategy’’, Central Europe Watch, No.2, (2011, Vol:1), p.1. Prebisch, Raul. ‘‘Commercial Policy in the Underdeveloped Countries’, American Sociological Review, No.2,(1959, Cilt:49) pp. 251-273.
  • Romaniuk, Scott Nicholas. ‘‘Dependency Theory’’, The Sage Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives (Ed. P. Joseph), Sage Publications, 2017, pp.481-483.
  • Sanfey, Peter. Jakov Milatovic, ‘‘The Western Balkans inTransition: Diagnosing the Constraints on the Path to a Sustainable Market Economy’’, London, England: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2018.
  • Santos, Theotonio Dos. ‘‘The Structure of Dependence’’, The American Economic Review, No.2. (Paper and Proceedings of the Eighty Second Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, Vol:60) 1970, pp.231-236
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Dilruba Kurut 0000-0001-9092-0107

Publication Date November 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 62

Cite

APA Kurut, D. (2023). ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ. Avrasya Etüdleri(62), 35-65.
AMA Kurut D. ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ. Avrasya Etüdleri. November 2023;(62):35-65.
Chicago Kurut, Dilruba. “ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ”. Avrasya Etüdleri, no. 62 (November 2023): 35-65.
EndNote Kurut D (November 1, 2023) ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ. Avrasya Etüdleri 62 35–65.
IEEE D. Kurut, “ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ”, Avrasya Etüdleri, no. 62, pp. 35–65, November 2023.
ISNAD Kurut, Dilruba. “ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ”. Avrasya Etüdleri 62 (November 2023), 35-65.
JAMA Kurut D. ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ. Avrasya Etüdleri. 2023;:35–65.
MLA Kurut, Dilruba. “ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ”. Avrasya Etüdleri, no. 62, 2023, pp. 35-65.
Vancouver Kurut D. ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ. Avrasya Etüdleri. 2023(62):35-6.