Research Article
Year 2019,
Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 222 - 233, 31.12.2019
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, doğa
sporları ile uğraşan yapan sporcuların temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının zihinsel
dayanıklılığına olan etkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada,
Sheard, Golby ve Van Wersch (2009) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan ve Türkçe'ye
uyarlaması Altıntaş ve Bayar Koruç (2016) tarafından yapılan sporda “Zihinsel
Dayanıklılık Ölçeği” ve doğa sporcularının temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarını
belirlenmek amacıyla Deci ve Ryan (2000) tarafından geliştirilen ve Kesici,
Üre, Bozgeyikli ve Sünbül (2003) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Temel
Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin incelenmesinde
Independent samples t testi ve Tek yönlü (One way) Anova testi kullanılmıştır.
Sonuçta cinsiyet, yaş ve yapılan doğa sporu türüne göre anlamlı farklara
ulaşılmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak deneyimin bir etkisi olmadığı sonucu
görülmüştür. Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ile zihinsel dayanıklılık arasında
pozitif yönde orta düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, çok güçlü
olmasa da temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılaması zihinsel dayanıklılığı
olumlu yönde etkilediği söylenebilir. Zihinsel becerileri arttırıcı etkinlikler
yaparak psikolojik olarak ihtiyaçların karşılanacağı bir ortamlarda zaman
geçirilmesi önerilmektedir.
References
- Altıntaş, A. & Bayar Koruç, P. (2016). Sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık envanteri’nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 27(4), 162–171.
- Burke, S.M., Orlick, T (2003). Mental strategies of elite high altitude climbers: Overcoming adversity on mount everest, Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 7(2), 15-22.
- Cherry, H. L. (2005). Psychometric analysis of an inventory assessing mental toughness. University of Tennessee, Masters Theses.
- Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2008). The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of sports sciences, 26(1), 83-95.
- Crust, L., & Clough, P. (2011). Developing mental toughness: from research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21-32.
- Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A., & Clough, P. J. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87-91.
- Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human need sand the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
- Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J. ve Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern Bloc country. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942.
- Findlay, L. C., & Bowker, A. (2009). The link between competitive sport participation and self-concept in early adolescence: A consideration of gender and sport orientation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 29-40.
- Gibson, A. (1998). Mental Toughness. New York: Vantage Press.
- Glasser, W. (1999). Kişisel Özgürlüğün Psikolojisi. Çeviren: Müge İzmirli. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
- Godbey, G. (2009). Outdoor Recreation, Health, and Wellness. Understanding and Enhancing the Relationship. Resources for the Future. May. 1-29.
- Gürer, B., & Yıldız, M. E. (2015). Investigation of sport rock climbers' Handgrip Strength. Biology of Exercise, 11(2), 55-71.
- Gürer, B. (2015). The investigation of problem solving skill of the mountaineers in terms of demographic variables. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(11), 1496-1504.
- Gürer, B., Bektaş, F., & Kural, B. (2018). Doğa sporları faaliyetlerine katılan sporcuların psikolojik performanslarının incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 74-85.
- Gürer, B., Karababa, E. M., & Canlı, E. (2019). The Effect of Mental Toughness of Individuals Doing Outdoor Sports on their Decision-Making Skills. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 21(1), 144-154.
- Kaplan A., Ardahan F. (2013). Doğa sporları yapan bireylerin profilleri, doğa sporu yapma nedenleri ve elde ettikleri faydalar: Antalya örneği . Giresun Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, 93-114.
- Karakaş, G., Kaya, H. B., & Yılmaz, A. (2018). Doğa kampı eğitiminin deneyimsel sonuçları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 43(196), 281-300.
- Kelly J.R. (1990). Leisure. Englewood, Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
- Kesici, Ş., Üre Ö., Bozgeyikli, H. ve Sünbül, A. M. (2003). Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. VII. Ulusal PDR Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, Malatya, s.85.
- Kuzgun, Y. (2000). Meslek Danışmanlığı, Uygulamalar, Kuramlar. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Loehr, J. (1982). Mental toughness trainingfor sports. New York: The Stephen Greene Press.
- Mahoney, J.W., Gucciardi, D.F., Mallett, C.J., Ntoumanis, N. (2014). Adolescent performers’ perspectives on mental toughness and its development: The Utility of the Bioecological Model. Sport Psychologist, 28(3), 233-244.
- Masum, R. (2014). A mixed method analysis of mental toughness in elite and sub-elite male and female tennis players in Pakistan. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 1,110-122.
- Morgan, C. (1984). Psikolojiye giriş. (Çev. Hüsnü Arıcı ve Ark.) Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü Yayınları.
- Neuman, J. (2004). Education and learning through outdoor activities. “Games and problem solving activities, outdoor exercises and rope courses for youth programmes.” Prague: DUHA.
- Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73-75.
- Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C., & Crust, L. (2011). Mental toughness, coping self-efficacy, and coping effectiveness among athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 42(6), 513-524.
- Rapport, Z. (2007). Using choice theory to assess the needs of persons who have a disability and sexual/intimacy/romantic ıssues. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 27 (1), 22-25.
- Sheard, M., Golby, J., & Van, Wersch, A. (2009). Progress towards construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25, 186-193.
- Sheard, M. (2013). Mental Toughness: The Mindset Behind Sporting Achievement. Second Edition, Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
Year 2019,
Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 222 - 233, 31.12.2019
Abstract
This study intends to examine the impact of the basic
psychological needs of athletes doing outdoor sports on their mental toughness.
The mental toughness in sports scale developed by Sheard, Golby & Van
Wersch (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Altıntaş and Bayar Koruç (2016) and the
Basic Psychological Needs Scale developed by by Deci ve Ryan (2000) and adapted
to Turkish by Kesici, Üre, Bozgeyikli and Sünbül (2003) were used. The
Independent Samples T test was used to analyze the data obtained as well as the
One Way Analysis of Variance (One Way Anova) used in case of the existence of
more than two groups and the correlation analysis for the relationship between
the two groups. As a result, significant differences were found by the
variables gender, age and the type of outdoor sports. It was seen that there
was no effect of experience on statistically. A positive correlation was found
between basic psychological needs and mental toughness. According to, it can be
said that basic psychological needs affect mental toughness say able positively
although though weak in strength. It is recommended to spend time in an
environment where psychologically needs are met by improving mental skills.
References
- Altıntaş, A. & Bayar Koruç, P. (2016). Sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık envanteri’nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 27(4), 162–171.
- Burke, S.M., Orlick, T (2003). Mental strategies of elite high altitude climbers: Overcoming adversity on mount everest, Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 7(2), 15-22.
- Cherry, H. L. (2005). Psychometric analysis of an inventory assessing mental toughness. University of Tennessee, Masters Theses.
- Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2008). The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of sports sciences, 26(1), 83-95.
- Crust, L., & Clough, P. (2011). Developing mental toughness: from research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21-32.
- Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A., & Clough, P. J. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87-91.
- Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human need sand the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
- Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J. ve Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern Bloc country. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942.
- Findlay, L. C., & Bowker, A. (2009). The link between competitive sport participation and self-concept in early adolescence: A consideration of gender and sport orientation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 29-40.
- Gibson, A. (1998). Mental Toughness. New York: Vantage Press.
- Glasser, W. (1999). Kişisel Özgürlüğün Psikolojisi. Çeviren: Müge İzmirli. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
- Godbey, G. (2009). Outdoor Recreation, Health, and Wellness. Understanding and Enhancing the Relationship. Resources for the Future. May. 1-29.
- Gürer, B., & Yıldız, M. E. (2015). Investigation of sport rock climbers' Handgrip Strength. Biology of Exercise, 11(2), 55-71.
- Gürer, B. (2015). The investigation of problem solving skill of the mountaineers in terms of demographic variables. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(11), 1496-1504.
- Gürer, B., Bektaş, F., & Kural, B. (2018). Doğa sporları faaliyetlerine katılan sporcuların psikolojik performanslarının incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 74-85.
- Gürer, B., Karababa, E. M., & Canlı, E. (2019). The Effect of Mental Toughness of Individuals Doing Outdoor Sports on their Decision-Making Skills. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 21(1), 144-154.
- Kaplan A., Ardahan F. (2013). Doğa sporları yapan bireylerin profilleri, doğa sporu yapma nedenleri ve elde ettikleri faydalar: Antalya örneği . Giresun Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, 93-114.
- Karakaş, G., Kaya, H. B., & Yılmaz, A. (2018). Doğa kampı eğitiminin deneyimsel sonuçları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 43(196), 281-300.
- Kelly J.R. (1990). Leisure. Englewood, Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
- Kesici, Ş., Üre Ö., Bozgeyikli, H. ve Sünbül, A. M. (2003). Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. VII. Ulusal PDR Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, Malatya, s.85.
- Kuzgun, Y. (2000). Meslek Danışmanlığı, Uygulamalar, Kuramlar. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Loehr, J. (1982). Mental toughness trainingfor sports. New York: The Stephen Greene Press.
- Mahoney, J.W., Gucciardi, D.F., Mallett, C.J., Ntoumanis, N. (2014). Adolescent performers’ perspectives on mental toughness and its development: The Utility of the Bioecological Model. Sport Psychologist, 28(3), 233-244.
- Masum, R. (2014). A mixed method analysis of mental toughness in elite and sub-elite male and female tennis players in Pakistan. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 1,110-122.
- Morgan, C. (1984). Psikolojiye giriş. (Çev. Hüsnü Arıcı ve Ark.) Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü Yayınları.
- Neuman, J. (2004). Education and learning through outdoor activities. “Games and problem solving activities, outdoor exercises and rope courses for youth programmes.” Prague: DUHA.
- Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73-75.
- Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C., & Crust, L. (2011). Mental toughness, coping self-efficacy, and coping effectiveness among athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 42(6), 513-524.
- Rapport, Z. (2007). Using choice theory to assess the needs of persons who have a disability and sexual/intimacy/romantic ıssues. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 27 (1), 22-25.
- Sheard, M., Golby, J., & Van, Wersch, A. (2009). Progress towards construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25, 186-193.
- Sheard, M. (2013). Mental Toughness: The Mindset Behind Sporting Achievement. Second Edition, Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
There are 31 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sports Medicine |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2019 |
| Submission Date | June 12, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | October 2, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 14 Issue: 2 |
