BibTex RIS Cite

KOLEKTİF SİYASAL ŞİDDET ANALİZİNE TOPLUMSAL HAREKETLER TEORİSİ YAKLAŞIMI

Year 2016, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 523 - 551, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusbed.35197

Abstract

Kolektif siyasal şiddet örgütlenmelerini, toplumsal hareketler teorilerinin sunduğu imkânlar aracılığıyla yeniden inceleme girişimi, söz konusu vakaların özgün toplumsal-tarihsel bağlamlarında ve bütüncül bir analiz ile değerlendirilebilmesi hedefini içermektedir. Bu çalışma, siyasal şiddet literatüründeki çeşitliliğin kuramsal analiz noktasında engelleyici olabileceği görüşünden hareket etmekte ve literatürdeki bu sorunun, toplumsal hareketler teorilerinin hareketlerin mekanizmaları ve süreçleri üzerine geliştirdiği zengin içerikle aşılabileceği savını desteklemektedir. Çalışma bu kapsamda, Kaynak Mobilizasyonu ve Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler teorilerinin analitik unsurlarından faydalanarak radikalleşme ve de-radikalizasyon döngüsünün analizine yönelmektedir. Böylece, kolektif siyasal şiddet örgütlenmelerinin oluşum süreci, toplumsal ve siyasal koşullar, örgütsel dinamikler ve bireysel katılımın dinamikleri incelenerek daha bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ortaya konulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kolektif Siyasal Şiddet, Toplumsal Hareket Çalışmaları, Radikalleşme, Geri Çekilme ve De-radikalizasyon.

References

  • Bayat, A. (2006). Ortadoğu’da maduniyet: Toplumsal hareketler ve siyaset. Ö. Gökmen ve S. Deren (Der. ve Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • BBC News. (2005a). London bomber: Text in full, (1 Eylül 2005), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4206800.stm, (26.03.2015)
  • BBC News. (2005b). Extracts From al-Zawahri Message, (2 Eylül 2005), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4207158.stm, (26.03.2015).
  • Beck, C. J. (2008). The contribution of social movement theory to understanding terrorism. Sociology Compass, 2 (5): 1565-1581.
  • Bodur Ün, M. ve Timur, K. (2016). Kolektif Siyasal Şiddet ve İslami Toplumsal Hareket Analizi: Hamas Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 71 (2): 559-591.
  • Boyle, M. J. (2012). Progress and pitfalls in the study of political violence. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24 (4): 527-543.
  • Castells, M. (2008). Enformasyon çağı: Ekonomi, toplum ve kültür (Cilt 2: Kimliğin gücü). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • CNNTÜRK. (2014). IŞİD: Tek örgüt 10 farklı isim. http://www.cnnturk.com/fotogaleri/dunya/isid-tek-orgut-9-farkli-isim. (30.05.2015.)
  • Crenshaw, M. (1991). How terrorism declines. Terrorism and Political Violence, 3 (1): 69-87.
  • Crenshaw, M. (2011). Explaining terrorism: Causes, processes and consequences. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Cronin, A. K. (2009). How terrorist campaigns end. T. Bjørgo ve J. Horgan (Der.) Leaving terrorism behind: Individual and collective disengagement: İçinde 49-65. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • della Porta, D. (2008). Research on social movements and political violence. Qualitative Sociology, 31 (3): 221-230.
  • della Porta, D. (2009). Social movement studies and political violence. Transcript of the Lecture at the Centre for Studies in Islamism and Radicalisation (CIR). Aarhus: Aarhus University.
  • della Porta, D. (2013). Clandestine political violence. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • della Porta, D. ve Haupt, H. (2012). Patterns of radicalization in political activism: An introduction. Social Science History, 36 (3): 311-320.
  • della Porta, D. ve LaFree, G. (2012). Guest editorial: Processes of radicalization and de-radicalization. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 6 (1): 4-10.
  • Dupont, C. ve Passy, F. (2011). Debate: The Arab Spring or how to explain those revolutionary episodes?. Swiss Political Science Review, 17 (4): 447-451.
  • Eco, U. (2014). Düşmanı inşa etmek. (L. T. Basmacı, Çev.). Umberto Eco, Düşman yaratmak ve rastgele yazılar: İçinde 15-39. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Eisinger, P. K. (1973). The conditions of political behavior in American cities. The American Political Science Review, 67 (1): 11-28.
  • Gamson, W. A. (1980). Understanding of the careers of challenging groups: A commentary on Goldstone. American Journal of Sociology, 85 (5): 1043-1060.
  • Girard, R. (2004). Violence and religion: Cause or effect?. The Hedgehog Review, 6 (1): 8-20.
  • Girard, R. (2010). Kültürün kökenleri. Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Goodwin, J. (2004). Review essay: What must we explain to explain terrorism?. Social Movement Studies, 3 (2): 259-265.
  • Göle, N. (2011). Melez desenler: İslam ve modernlik üzerine. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Gunning, J. (2009). Social movement theory and the study of terrorism. R. Jackson, M. Breen Smyth ve J. Gunning (Der.), Critical terrorism studies: A new research agenda: İçinde 156-177. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Gunning, J. ve Jackson, R. (2011). What’s so ‘religious’ about ‘religious terrorism’?. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 4 (3): 369-388.
  • Hassan, H. (2014). Political reform in Iraq will stem the rise of Islamists. The National, (11 Haziran 2014), http://thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/ comment/political-reform-in-iraq-will-stem-the-rise-of-islamists, (13.10.2014).
  • Horgan, J. (2005). The psychology of terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Horgan, J. (2008). Deradicalization or disengagement? A process in need of clarity and a counterterrorism initiative in need of evaluation. Perspectives on Terrorism, 2 (4): 3-8.
  • Horgan, J. (2009a). Individual disengagement: A psychological analysis. T. Bjørgo ve J. Horgan (Der.), Leaving terrorism behind: Individual and collective disengagement: İçinde 17-29. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Horgan, J. (2009b). Walking away from terrorism: Accounts of disengagement from radical and extremist movements. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Jackson, R., Jarvis, L., Gunning, J. ve Breen Smyth, M. (2011). Terrorism: A critical introduction. Great Britain: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Le Bon, G. (1997). Kitleler psikolojisi. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
  • McAdam, D. ve Rucht, D. (1993). The cross-national diffusion of movement ideas. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 528: 56-74.
  • Melucci, A. (1999). Çağdaş hareketlerin sembolik meydan okuması. K. Çayır (Yay. Haz.), Yeni sosyal hareketler: Teorik açılımlar. İçinde 81-107. İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Meyer, D. S. (2004). Protest and political opportunities. Annual Review of Sociology, 30: 125-145.
  • Mouffe, C. (2013). Siyasal üzerine. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Patel, D. ve Bunce, V. J. (2012). Turning points and the cross-national diffusion of popular protest. APSA Comparative Democratization Newsletter, 10 (1): 10-13.
  • Robinson, G. E. (2004). Hamas as social movement. Q. Wiktorowicz (Der.), Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach: İçinde 112-139. USA: Indiana University Press.
  • Sutton, P. W. ve Vertigans, S. (2006). Islamic “new social movements”? Radical Islam, al-Qaida, and social movement theory. Mobilization: An International Journal, 11 (1): 101-115.
  • Tilly, C. (2004a). Foreword. Q. Wiktorowicz (Der.), Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach: İçinde ix-xii. USA: Indiana University Press.
  • Tilly, C. (2004b). Terror, terrorism, terrorists. Sociological Theory, 22 (1): 5-13.
  • Tilly, C. (2008). Toplumsal hareketler 1768-2004. İstanbul: Babil Yayınları.
  • Tilly, C. (2009). Kolektif şiddet siyaseti. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Weiss, L. (2015). On fear and nuclear terrorism. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 71 (2): 75-87.
  • Wiktorowicz, Q. (2004). Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.

A SOCIAL MOVEMENT APPROACH TO COLLECTIVE POLITICAL VIOLENCE

Year 2016, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 523 - 551, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusbed.35197

Abstract

This study analyzes collective political violence with the theoretical and conceptual tools of social movement theory to be able to provide a more contextual and comprehensive analysis of cases of collective political violence. The study argues that the vastness of the existing literature on political violence hinders the development of a paradigmatic approach with which to study collective forms of political violence. This study supports the recent work that aims to combine the rich theoretical insights and tools of social movement theory and the literature on political violence to develop a new theoretical framework to better analyze the collective forms of political violence. The study, thus, examines the radicalization-de-radicalization cycle drawing from both the Resource Mobilization approach and New Social Movement Theory. Also, to provide a more comprehensive analysis, the processes of violent collective political mobilization are explored by focusing on their social and political context, organizational dynamics and the dynamics of individual participation.

Keywords: Collective Political Violence, Social Movement Studies, Radicalization, Disengagement, De-radicalization.

References

  • Bayat, A. (2006). Ortadoğu’da maduniyet: Toplumsal hareketler ve siyaset. Ö. Gökmen ve S. Deren (Der. ve Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • BBC News. (2005a). London bomber: Text in full, (1 Eylül 2005), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4206800.stm, (26.03.2015)
  • BBC News. (2005b). Extracts From al-Zawahri Message, (2 Eylül 2005), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4207158.stm, (26.03.2015).
  • Beck, C. J. (2008). The contribution of social movement theory to understanding terrorism. Sociology Compass, 2 (5): 1565-1581.
  • Bodur Ün, M. ve Timur, K. (2016). Kolektif Siyasal Şiddet ve İslami Toplumsal Hareket Analizi: Hamas Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 71 (2): 559-591.
  • Boyle, M. J. (2012). Progress and pitfalls in the study of political violence. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24 (4): 527-543.
  • Castells, M. (2008). Enformasyon çağı: Ekonomi, toplum ve kültür (Cilt 2: Kimliğin gücü). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • CNNTÜRK. (2014). IŞİD: Tek örgüt 10 farklı isim. http://www.cnnturk.com/fotogaleri/dunya/isid-tek-orgut-9-farkli-isim. (30.05.2015.)
  • Crenshaw, M. (1991). How terrorism declines. Terrorism and Political Violence, 3 (1): 69-87.
  • Crenshaw, M. (2011). Explaining terrorism: Causes, processes and consequences. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Cronin, A. K. (2009). How terrorist campaigns end. T. Bjørgo ve J. Horgan (Der.) Leaving terrorism behind: Individual and collective disengagement: İçinde 49-65. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • della Porta, D. (2008). Research on social movements and political violence. Qualitative Sociology, 31 (3): 221-230.
  • della Porta, D. (2009). Social movement studies and political violence. Transcript of the Lecture at the Centre for Studies in Islamism and Radicalisation (CIR). Aarhus: Aarhus University.
  • della Porta, D. (2013). Clandestine political violence. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • della Porta, D. ve Haupt, H. (2012). Patterns of radicalization in political activism: An introduction. Social Science History, 36 (3): 311-320.
  • della Porta, D. ve LaFree, G. (2012). Guest editorial: Processes of radicalization and de-radicalization. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 6 (1): 4-10.
  • Dupont, C. ve Passy, F. (2011). Debate: The Arab Spring or how to explain those revolutionary episodes?. Swiss Political Science Review, 17 (4): 447-451.
  • Eco, U. (2014). Düşmanı inşa etmek. (L. T. Basmacı, Çev.). Umberto Eco, Düşman yaratmak ve rastgele yazılar: İçinde 15-39. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Eisinger, P. K. (1973). The conditions of political behavior in American cities. The American Political Science Review, 67 (1): 11-28.
  • Gamson, W. A. (1980). Understanding of the careers of challenging groups: A commentary on Goldstone. American Journal of Sociology, 85 (5): 1043-1060.
  • Girard, R. (2004). Violence and religion: Cause or effect?. The Hedgehog Review, 6 (1): 8-20.
  • Girard, R. (2010). Kültürün kökenleri. Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Goodwin, J. (2004). Review essay: What must we explain to explain terrorism?. Social Movement Studies, 3 (2): 259-265.
  • Göle, N. (2011). Melez desenler: İslam ve modernlik üzerine. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Gunning, J. (2009). Social movement theory and the study of terrorism. R. Jackson, M. Breen Smyth ve J. Gunning (Der.), Critical terrorism studies: A new research agenda: İçinde 156-177. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Gunning, J. ve Jackson, R. (2011). What’s so ‘religious’ about ‘religious terrorism’?. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 4 (3): 369-388.
  • Hassan, H. (2014). Political reform in Iraq will stem the rise of Islamists. The National, (11 Haziran 2014), http://thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/ comment/political-reform-in-iraq-will-stem-the-rise-of-islamists, (13.10.2014).
  • Horgan, J. (2005). The psychology of terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Horgan, J. (2008). Deradicalization or disengagement? A process in need of clarity and a counterterrorism initiative in need of evaluation. Perspectives on Terrorism, 2 (4): 3-8.
  • Horgan, J. (2009a). Individual disengagement: A psychological analysis. T. Bjørgo ve J. Horgan (Der.), Leaving terrorism behind: Individual and collective disengagement: İçinde 17-29. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Horgan, J. (2009b). Walking away from terrorism: Accounts of disengagement from radical and extremist movements. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Jackson, R., Jarvis, L., Gunning, J. ve Breen Smyth, M. (2011). Terrorism: A critical introduction. Great Britain: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Le Bon, G. (1997). Kitleler psikolojisi. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları.
  • McAdam, D. ve Rucht, D. (1993). The cross-national diffusion of movement ideas. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 528: 56-74.
  • Melucci, A. (1999). Çağdaş hareketlerin sembolik meydan okuması. K. Çayır (Yay. Haz.), Yeni sosyal hareketler: Teorik açılımlar. İçinde 81-107. İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Meyer, D. S. (2004). Protest and political opportunities. Annual Review of Sociology, 30: 125-145.
  • Mouffe, C. (2013). Siyasal üzerine. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Patel, D. ve Bunce, V. J. (2012). Turning points and the cross-national diffusion of popular protest. APSA Comparative Democratization Newsletter, 10 (1): 10-13.
  • Robinson, G. E. (2004). Hamas as social movement. Q. Wiktorowicz (Der.), Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach: İçinde 112-139. USA: Indiana University Press.
  • Sutton, P. W. ve Vertigans, S. (2006). Islamic “new social movements”? Radical Islam, al-Qaida, and social movement theory. Mobilization: An International Journal, 11 (1): 101-115.
  • Tilly, C. (2004a). Foreword. Q. Wiktorowicz (Der.), Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach: İçinde ix-xii. USA: Indiana University Press.
  • Tilly, C. (2004b). Terror, terrorism, terrorists. Sociological Theory, 22 (1): 5-13.
  • Tilly, C. (2008). Toplumsal hareketler 1768-2004. İstanbul: Babil Yayınları.
  • Tilly, C. (2009). Kolektif şiddet siyaseti. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Weiss, L. (2015). On fear and nuclear terrorism. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 71 (2): 75-87.
  • Wiktorowicz, Q. (2004). Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Marella Bodur Ün

Kasım Timur

Publication Date September 30, 2016
Submission Date February 29, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bodur Ün, M., & Timur, K. (2016). KOLEKTİF SİYASAL ŞİDDET ANALİZİNE TOPLUMSAL HAREKETLER TEORİSİ YAKLAŞIMI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(3), 523-551. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusbed.35197