Abstract
Individuals are able to strengthen their self-presentations and self-images infront of
the communities and publics via social media that provides new opportunities for
identity construction, image and social relations management. Selfie is considered
as a communication tool, especially for university students who use technology
more often and efficiently. In this scope, the purpose of this study is to reveal
the reasons of taking and sharing selfie of distance university learners in Turkey.
Besides, the study aims to uncover the reasons of not taking selfie or not sharing it
on social media. The sample of the study includes 3112 distant university students
enrolled in Anadolu University. A questionnaire form which consists of 3 categories
is used to collect the data. In the form, there are questions asking the participants
demographic information, and there are multiple choice questions asking the reasons
of taking selfies and sharing them on social media. Moreover, there are open ended
questions that ask the reasons of not taking and sharing selfies. Both qualitative
and quantiative methods are conducted in the study. For the analysis, descriptive
statistics are applied for quantitative part. On the other hand, content analysis is
applied to reveal the results of he qualitative part. The results of the study show that
the most common reason of taking selfie is reflecting self image with different facial
expressions and having fun. In addition, the most common reasons of not taking and
sharing selfie are protecting self-image, analyzing impressions of others, criticism of
the system and obeying ethics of the society.
References
- Akıner, N. ve Küngerü, A. (2015). Küresel Hegemonik İdeolojinin Popüler Tektipleştirme Pratiklerine Bir Örnek: Selfie. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, 132-147.
- Alblooshi, A. (2015). Self-Esteem Levels & Selfies: The Relationship Between SelfEsteem Levels and the Number of Selfies People Take and Post, and the Uses and Gratifications of Taking and Posting Selfies. Unpublished master’s thesis. Middle Tennessee State University.
- Alloway, T.P., Horton, J. Alloway, R.G. ve Dawson, C. (2013). Social networking sites and cognitive abilities: Do they make you smarter? Computers & Education, 63, 10-16.
- Barry, C. T., Doucette, H., Loflin, D. C., Rivera-Hudson, N. ve Herrington, L. L. (2015). ‘Let Me Take a Selfie’: Associations Between Self-Photography, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem. Psychology Of Popular Media Culture, doi:10.1037/ppm0000089.
- Becker, J.A. ve Stamp, G.H. (2005). Impression Management in Chat Rooms: A Grounded Theory Model. Communication Studies, 56, 3.
- Bennett, S. (2014, July 10). A brief history of the #selfie (1839 –2014). SocialTimes. Retrieved from http://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/first-ever-selfiehistory/499920
- Burns, A. (2015). Self(ie)-Discipline: Social Regulation as Enacted Through the Discussion of Photographic Practice, International Journal of Communication 9, 1716–1733.
- Cheung, C. M. Chiu, P. Y. ve Lee, M. K. (2011). Online socialnetworks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337-1343.
- Debord, G. (2016). Gösteri Toplumu. İstanbul:Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Fausing, B. (2013). Become an Image- On Selfies, Visuality and the Visual Turn in Social Medias https://www.zotero.org/groups/selfies_group/items/ itemKey/HD4VJGS. (erişim tarihi 5. 04. 2015).
- Fox, J. ve Rooney, M. C. (2015). The Dark triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161e165. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.017.
- Goffman, E. (2009). Günlük Yaşamda Benliğin Sunumu. (Çev. B. Cezar). İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık Ltd.
- Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Second Edition, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications.
- Hofstede, G. ve Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. Revised and Expanded 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill 2010.
- Kane, C.M. (2008). I’ll u see you on myspace: Self-presentation in a social network website. Unpublished master’s thesis. Cleveland State University.
- Karasar, N. (1998). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Katz, J.E. ve Crocker, E.T. (2015). Selfies and Photo Messaging as Visual Conversation: Reports from the United States, United Kingdom and China. International Journal of Communication 9, 1861–1872.
- Leary, M. R. ve Kowalsky, R.M. (1990). Impression Management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34-37.
- Leary, M.R. (1996). Self-presentation, impression management and interpersonal behaviour, Oxford: Westview Press.
- Lobinger, K. ve Brantner, C. (2015) In the Eye of the Beholder: Subjective Views on the Authenticity of Selfies. International Journal of Communication 9, 1848– 1860.
- Martin, K.A., Leary, M.R. ve Rejeski, W.R. (2000). Self-presentational concerns in older adults for health and well-being. Basic and Applied SocialPsychology, 22(3), 169-179.
- Mascheroni, G.,Vincent, J. ve Jimenez, E. (2015). Girls are addicted to likes so they post semi-naked selfies: Peer mediation, normativity and the construction of identity online. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(1), http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/CP2015-1-5.
- Moreau, E. (2014). What is a selfie? Exploring the selfie trend. Retrieved from http:// webtrends.about.com/od/Mobile-Web-Beginner/a/What-Is-A-Selfie.htm
- Oxford Dictionaries. (2015). Selfie (2nd ed.). Ulaşılan uzantı http://www. oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/selfie.
- Peek, H. (2014). The selfie in the digital age: From social media to sexting. Cultural Psychiatry, 25. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/cultural-psychiatry/selfiedigital-age-social-media-sexting (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2015).
- Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A. ve Calvert, S.L. (2009) College Students’ Social Networking Experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 227-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010.
- Pösteki, N. ve Velioğlu, Ö. (2014). Bireyin Kendini Sunuş ve Konumlandırış Biçimindeki Dönüşüm: Selfie Kimlikler. I. Uluslararası İletişim Bilimleri ve Medya Araştırmaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, I. Uluslararası İletişim Bilimleri ve Medya Araştırmaları Kongresi, Cilt 2.
- Ramírez, B.G. ve Palu-ay, L. (2015). You Don’t Look Like Your Profile Picture: The Ethical Implications of Researching Online Identities in Higher Education. Educational Research and Evaluation, 21 (2), 139-153.
- Rosenfeld, P., Giacalone, R. A., & Riordan, C. (1995). Impression management in organization.New York: Routhledge.
- Rui, J.R. ve Stefanone, M.A. (2013). Strategic Image Management Online: Selfpresentation, Self-Esteem and Social Network Perspectives. Information, Communication & Society, 16 (8), 1286-1305.
- Shutz, A. (1998). Assertive, offensive, protective and defensive styles of selfpresentation: a taxonomy. The Journal of Psychology,132(6), 611-622. Sorokowska A., Oleszkiewicz A., Frackowiak T., Pisanski K., Chmiel A. ve Sorokowski
- P. (2016). Selfies and personality: Who posts self-portrait photographs? Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 119–123.
- Strauss, A. ve Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
- Tıidenberg, K. (2018).Selfies. Why we love (and hate) them. https://www.academia. edu/36641813/SELFIES_Why_We_Love_and_Hate_Them
- Wate, A. (2000). Impression management. http://www.i5ive.com/article.cfm/ social_psycology/53283(EriĢim tarihi:10.01.2010).
- Weiser, E.B. (2015). #Me: Narcissism and its facets as predictors of selfie-posting frequency. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 477-481.
- Wickel, T.M. (2015). Narcissism and Social Networking Sites: The Act of Taking Selfies. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 6 (1), 1-13.
- Williams, A.A. ve Marquez, B.A. (2015). The Lonely Selfie King: Selfies and the Conspicuous Prosumption of Gender and Race International. Journal of Communication 9, 1775–1787.
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2003). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
- Zanden, J. W. (1987). Social psychology (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Abstract
Bireylere kimlik inşası, öz kimliğin yönetimi ve sosyal ilişkilerin yönetilmesi
konusunda yeni fırsatlar sunan sosyal medya ortamlarında bireyler artık izleyici ya
da topluluk karşısında imajlarını daha kolay vurgulayabilmekte ve özellikle fotoğraf
üzerinden benlik sunumlarını güçlendirebilmektedirler. Özçekim bu anlamda bir
çeşit iletişim aracı olarak değerlendirilmekte ve teknolojiyi daha sık ve etkili kullanan
üniversite öğrencilerinin kişisel imaj sunuları için bir araç niteliği taşıyabilmektedir.
Bu kapsamda, bu araştırmada Türkiye’de uzaktan öğrenim gören öğrencilerin
özçekim yapma ve bu çekimleri sosyal medyada paylaşma eğilimlerini ve nedenlerini
ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanısıra araştırma, özçekim yapmayan ya
da yapmasına rağmen herhangi bir sosyal paylaşım ağında paylaşmayan uzaktan
öğrenenlerin düşüncelerini de ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçlarla
araştırmanın örneklemini Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim
gören ve çalışmaya gönüllü katılan 3112 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur.
Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak 3 bölümden oluşan bir anket formu kullanılmıştır.
Anket formunda katılımcıların demografik bilgilerini, özçekim yapma ve bunu
sosyal ağlarda paylaşma nedenlerini belirleme amaçlı çoktan seçmeli sorular yer
alırken; kullanıcıların özçekim yapmama nedenlerini belirlemede açık uçlu soruya
yer verilmiştir. Nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin birlikte işe koşulduğu araştırmada nicel
verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden faydalanılmıştır. Nitel veriler
betimsel analizle yorumlanarak kategoriler haline getirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda
elde edilen verilere göre kullanıcıların en fazla özçekim yapma nedeni farklı yüz
ifadeleriyle kendini göstermek ve böylece eğlenmek; özçekim yapmama nedenleri
ise sahip olunan imajı koruma, izlenimleri inceleme /başkalarını nasıl gördüğü,
sistemi eleştirme, toplumsal ahlaka aykırı bulma olarak gruplandırılmıştır.
Keywords
References
- Akıner, N. ve Küngerü, A. (2015). Küresel Hegemonik İdeolojinin Popüler Tektipleştirme Pratiklerine Bir Örnek: Selfie. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, 132-147.
- Alblooshi, A. (2015). Self-Esteem Levels & Selfies: The Relationship Between SelfEsteem Levels and the Number of Selfies People Take and Post, and the Uses and Gratifications of Taking and Posting Selfies. Unpublished master’s thesis. Middle Tennessee State University.
- Alloway, T.P., Horton, J. Alloway, R.G. ve Dawson, C. (2013). Social networking sites and cognitive abilities: Do they make you smarter? Computers & Education, 63, 10-16.
- Barry, C. T., Doucette, H., Loflin, D. C., Rivera-Hudson, N. ve Herrington, L. L. (2015). ‘Let Me Take a Selfie’: Associations Between Self-Photography, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem. Psychology Of Popular Media Culture, doi:10.1037/ppm0000089.
- Becker, J.A. ve Stamp, G.H. (2005). Impression Management in Chat Rooms: A Grounded Theory Model. Communication Studies, 56, 3.
- Bennett, S. (2014, July 10). A brief history of the #selfie (1839 –2014). SocialTimes. Retrieved from http://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/first-ever-selfiehistory/499920
- Burns, A. (2015). Self(ie)-Discipline: Social Regulation as Enacted Through the Discussion of Photographic Practice, International Journal of Communication 9, 1716–1733.
- Cheung, C. M. Chiu, P. Y. ve Lee, M. K. (2011). Online socialnetworks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337-1343.
- Debord, G. (2016). Gösteri Toplumu. İstanbul:Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Fausing, B. (2013). Become an Image- On Selfies, Visuality and the Visual Turn in Social Medias https://www.zotero.org/groups/selfies_group/items/ itemKey/HD4VJGS. (erişim tarihi 5. 04. 2015).
- Fox, J. ve Rooney, M. C. (2015). The Dark triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161e165. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.017.
- Goffman, E. (2009). Günlük Yaşamda Benliğin Sunumu. (Çev. B. Cezar). İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık Ltd.
- Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Second Edition, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications.
- Hofstede, G. ve Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. Revised and Expanded 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill 2010.
- Kane, C.M. (2008). I’ll u see you on myspace: Self-presentation in a social network website. Unpublished master’s thesis. Cleveland State University.
- Karasar, N. (1998). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Katz, J.E. ve Crocker, E.T. (2015). Selfies and Photo Messaging as Visual Conversation: Reports from the United States, United Kingdom and China. International Journal of Communication 9, 1861–1872.
- Leary, M. R. ve Kowalsky, R.M. (1990). Impression Management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34-37.
- Leary, M.R. (1996). Self-presentation, impression management and interpersonal behaviour, Oxford: Westview Press.
- Lobinger, K. ve Brantner, C. (2015) In the Eye of the Beholder: Subjective Views on the Authenticity of Selfies. International Journal of Communication 9, 1848– 1860.
- Martin, K.A., Leary, M.R. ve Rejeski, W.R. (2000). Self-presentational concerns in older adults for health and well-being. Basic and Applied SocialPsychology, 22(3), 169-179.
- Mascheroni, G.,Vincent, J. ve Jimenez, E. (2015). Girls are addicted to likes so they post semi-naked selfies: Peer mediation, normativity and the construction of identity online. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(1), http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/CP2015-1-5.
- Moreau, E. (2014). What is a selfie? Exploring the selfie trend. Retrieved from http:// webtrends.about.com/od/Mobile-Web-Beginner/a/What-Is-A-Selfie.htm
- Oxford Dictionaries. (2015). Selfie (2nd ed.). Ulaşılan uzantı http://www. oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/selfie.
- Peek, H. (2014). The selfie in the digital age: From social media to sexting. Cultural Psychiatry, 25. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/cultural-psychiatry/selfiedigital-age-social-media-sexting (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2015).
- Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A. ve Calvert, S.L. (2009) College Students’ Social Networking Experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 227-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010.
- Pösteki, N. ve Velioğlu, Ö. (2014). Bireyin Kendini Sunuş ve Konumlandırış Biçimindeki Dönüşüm: Selfie Kimlikler. I. Uluslararası İletişim Bilimleri ve Medya Araştırmaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, I. Uluslararası İletişim Bilimleri ve Medya Araştırmaları Kongresi, Cilt 2.
- Ramírez, B.G. ve Palu-ay, L. (2015). You Don’t Look Like Your Profile Picture: The Ethical Implications of Researching Online Identities in Higher Education. Educational Research and Evaluation, 21 (2), 139-153.
- Rosenfeld, P., Giacalone, R. A., & Riordan, C. (1995). Impression management in organization.New York: Routhledge.
- Rui, J.R. ve Stefanone, M.A. (2013). Strategic Image Management Online: Selfpresentation, Self-Esteem and Social Network Perspectives. Information, Communication & Society, 16 (8), 1286-1305.
- Shutz, A. (1998). Assertive, offensive, protective and defensive styles of selfpresentation: a taxonomy. The Journal of Psychology,132(6), 611-622. Sorokowska A., Oleszkiewicz A., Frackowiak T., Pisanski K., Chmiel A. ve Sorokowski
- P. (2016). Selfies and personality: Who posts self-portrait photographs? Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 119–123.
- Strauss, A. ve Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
- Tıidenberg, K. (2018).Selfies. Why we love (and hate) them. https://www.academia. edu/36641813/SELFIES_Why_We_Love_and_Hate_Them
- Wate, A. (2000). Impression management. http://www.i5ive.com/article.cfm/ social_psycology/53283(EriĢim tarihi:10.01.2010).
- Weiser, E.B. (2015). #Me: Narcissism and its facets as predictors of selfie-posting frequency. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 477-481.
- Wickel, T.M. (2015). Narcissism and Social Networking Sites: The Act of Taking Selfies. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 6 (1), 1-13.
- Williams, A.A. ve Marquez, B.A. (2015). The Lonely Selfie King: Selfies and the Conspicuous Prosumption of Gender and Race International. Journal of Communication 9, 1775–1787.
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2003). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
- Zanden, J. W. (1987). Social psychology (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Türkçe Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 22, 2019 |
| Submission Date | November 23, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |
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Bu dergi Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.