Research Article
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A Study on the Relationship between Instagram Use Habits and Motives and Narcissism: The Case of Selçuk University Students

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 955 - 974, 22.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.543430

Abstract

Instagram allows users to share their information, photos and videos with other people;
as one of the fastest growing social media tools. When social networks such as Instagram
began to become more popular, the phenomenon of communication was transformed; in
social life, the distinction between the private sphere and the public sphere has become
increasingly blurred. But in addition to this rapid development, people use Instagram as
the cause; there are not too many academic studies examining the relationship between
Instagram and narcissism. This research examines the relationship between Instagram use
habits and motives and narcissism. In the study using field research method, data were
obtained from 349 university students by face to face interviews. As a result of the research,
five motives have been identified which lead university students to use Instagram. These
motives are in order of importance; Knowledge, Coolness, Documentation, Surveillance and
Creativity. Individuals who use Instagram to be motivated by information are also interested
in Inspection motivation. In the study, no significant correlation was found between daily
Instagram duration and the level of narcissism. However, as the level of narcissism increases,
there is an increase in the frequency of Instagram usage. Again, there is a weak, positive
and significant relationship between narcissism level of the participants and the motives of
Knowledge and Coolness.

References

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  • Aktan, E. (2018). Instagram Kullanıcılarının Kullanım Motivasyonları ve Instagram Takip Davranışları, Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 9 (33), 127-146.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293.
  • Balcı, Ş. & Ayhan, B. (2007). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İnternet Kullanım Ve Doyumları Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması. Selçuk İletişim, 5 (1), 174-197.
  • Bergman, S. M., Fearrington, M. E., Davenport, S. W., & Bergman, J. Z. (2011). Millennials, Narcissism and Social Networking: What Narcissists Do on Social Networking Sites and Why. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 706- 711.
  • Biolcati, R. &Passini, S. (2018). Narcissism and self-esteem: Different motivations for selfie posting behaviors. Cogent Psychology, 5 (1), 1-11.
  • Blumler, Jay G. (1979). The Role of Theory in Uses and Gratification Studies. Communication Research, 6 (1), 9-36.
  • Buffardi, L. E. & Campbel, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34 (10), 1303-1314.
  • Campbell, W. K. & Foster, J. D. (2007). The Narcissistic Self: Background, an Extended Agency Model and Ongoing Controversies. C. Sedikides & S. J. Spencer (Eds.), The Self: Frontiers of Social Psychology (pp. 115–138). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 482-486.
  • Choi, Y. J. (2001). Invertigating Koreans’ Internet Use Patterns and Motivations, and Exploring Vulnerability of Internet Dependency. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Southern Mississippi, UMI Dissertation Information Service.
  • Davenport, S. W., Bergman, S. M., Bergman, J. Z. & Fearrington, M. E. (2014). Twitter versus Facebook: Exploring the role of Narcissism in the Motives and Usage of Different Social Media Platforms. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 212–220.
  • Ellison, N., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2006). Managing impressions online: Selfpresentation processes in the online dating environment. Journal of ComputerMediated Communication, 11, 415–441.
  • Ertürk, Y. D. & Eray, T. E. (2016). Fenomenolojik Bir Kavram Olarak Kendilik ve Sosyal Ağlarda Kendilik Sunumu ile Narsistik Eğilimler İlişkisi: İletişim Fakültesi (İÜİF) Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma. Intermedia International e-Journal, 3 (4), 12-29.
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  • Flanagin, A. J. & Metzger, M, J, (2001), Internet Use in the Contemporary Media Environment. Human Communication Research, 27 (1), 153- 181.
  • Freud, S. (1998). Narsisizm Üzerine ve Schreber Vakası. Banu Büyükkal ve Saffet Murat Tura (Çev.), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
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  • George, D. & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0 Update (10th Edition), Boston: Pearson.
  • Gülnar, B., Balcı, Ş, & Çakır, V. (2010). Motivations of Facebook, YouTube and Similar Web Services Users Based on Spectacle Performance Paradigm and Diffused Audience, bilig Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World, 54, 161-184. https://www.statista.com/statistics/253577/number-of-monthly-activeinstagram-users/. (Erişim: 14 Ocak 2019).
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  • Hu, Y., Manikonda, L., Kambhampati, S. (2014). What We Instagram: A First Analysis of Instagram Photo Content and User Types. 8th International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, ICWSM 2014, Ann Arbor, United States, 595-598.
  • Huang, Y. T. & Su, S. F. (2018). Motives for Instagram Use and Topics of Interest among Young Adults. Future Internet, 10 (8), 1-12.
  • Kapidzic, S. (2013). Narcissism as a predictor of motivations behind Facebook profile Picture selection. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16, 14–19.
  • Katz, E. & Foulkes, D. (1962). On the Use of the Mass Media as “Escape”: Clarification of a Concept. Public Opinion Quarterly, 26 (3), 377-388.
  • Katz, E., Blumler, J. G. & Gurevitch, M. (1974). “Uses and Gratifications Research”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37 (4), 509-523.
  • Katz, E., Blumler, J. G. & Gurevitch, M. (1995). Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual. Oliver Boyd-Barrett & Chris Newbold (Eds.), Approaches to Media: A Reader (pp. 164-173). London: Arnold Published.
  • Katz, E., Gurevitch, M. & Hass, H. (1973). On The Use of Mass Media for Important Things American Sociological Review, 38 (2), 164-181.
  • Kaye, B. K. & Johnson, T. J. (2002). Online and in the Know: Uses and Gratifications of the Web for Political Information. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46 (1), 54-71.
  • Kaye, B. K. (1998). Uses and Gratifications of the World Wide Web: From Couch Potato to Web Potato. The New Jersey Journal of Communication, 6 (1), 21-40.
  • Kernberg, O. (1999). Sınır Durumlar ve Patolojik Narsisizm. Mustafa Atakay (Çev.), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Konrath, S., Meier B. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2014). Development and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). PLOS ONE, 9 (8), e103469. doi:10.1371/ journal. pone.0103469
  • Kurtulan, S. (2017). Popüler Kültür ve Sosyal Medya: Moda Bloggerları Üzerine Bir Saha Çalışması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kuşay, Y. (2010). Sosyal Medyanın Gücü ve Uygulama Örnekleri. Aydoğan, F. ve Akyüz, A. (Der.), İkinci Medya Çağında İnternet, İstanbul: Alfa Yayıncılık, 61-89.
  • LaRose, R., Mastro, D., & Eastin, M. S. (2001). Understanding internet usage: A socialcognitive approach to uses and gratifications. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 395–414.
  • Lee, E., Lee, J.-A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures Speak Louder than Words: Motivations for Using Instagram, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18 (9), 552-556.
  • Lee, E., Choi, T. R., Lee, T. D., Sung, Y. (2019). Using Instagram While “In a Relationship” The Roles of Narcissism and Self-Esteem. Journal of Individual Differences, 40 (2)
  • Mayfield, A. (2010). What is Social Media?. London: Icrossing Book.
  • McKinney, B. C., Kelly, L., & Duran, R. L. (2012). Narcissism Or Openness?: College Students’ Use of Facebook and Twitter. Communication Research Reports, 29, 108-118.
  • Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook, Cyberpsychology, Behaviour and Social Networking, 13 (4), 357- 364.
  • Mendelson, A. L. & Papacharissi, Z. (2010). Look at us: Collective Narcissism in College Student Facebook Photo Galleries. Papacharissi, Z. (Ed.), In The Networked Self: Identity, Community and Culture on Social Network Sites, Philadelphia: Routledge., https://zizi.people.uic.edu/Site/Research_files/Look%20at%20 meAMZP.pdf
  • Moon, J. H., Lee, E., Lee, J.-A., Choi, T. R. & Sung, Y. (2016).The Role of Narcissism in Self-Promotion on Instagram, Personality and Individual Differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 22-25.
  • Oğuz, T. (2016). Çağdaş Narkisisos’lar: Facebook Kullanım Alışkanlıkları ve Narsisizm. Selçuk İletişim, 9 (2), 51-68.
  • Ozan, E., Kırkpınar, İ., Aydın, N., Fidan, T. & Oral, M. (2008). Narsisistik Kişilik Bozukluğu: Gelişim Süreçleri ve Yaşamı, Psikiyatride Derlemeler. Olgular ve Varsayımlar Dergisi, 2 (1-2), 25-37.
  • Özsoy, E.,Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P. K. & Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad (SD3-T), and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T). Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11-14.
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  • Panek, E. T., Nardis, Y. & Konrath, S. (2013). Mirror or Mega Phone? How Relationships between Narcissism and Social Net Working Site Use Differ on Facebook and Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2004-2012.
  • Papacharissi, Z. & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of Internet Use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44 (2), 175-196.
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Instagram Kullanım Alışkanlıkları ve Motivasyonları ile Narsisizm Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Selçuk Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 955 - 974, 22.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.543430

Abstract

Instagram, kullanıcılarının bilgilerini, fotoğraf ve videolarını diğer insanlarla paylaşmalarını
sağlayan; küresel olarak en hızlı büyüyen sosyal medya araçlarından biri olarak dikkat
çekmektedir. Instagram gibi sosyal ağların gittikçe popülerleşmeye başlamasıyla birlikte,
iletişim olgusu dönüşüme uğramış; toplumsal yaşamda özel alan ile kamusal alan arasındaki
ayrım gittikçe silikleşmiştir. Ancak bu hızlı gelişimin yanında, insanların Instagramı neden
kullandıkları; Instagram ile narsisizm arasında nasıl bir ilişkinin olduğunu inceleyen çok
fazla akademik araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu araştırma, Instagram kullanım alışkanlıkları
ve motivasyonları ile narsisizm arasındaki ilişkiyi mercek altına almaktadır. Saha araştırması
yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, veriler 349 üniversite öğrencisinden yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla
elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda üniversite öğrencilerini Instagram kullanmaya yönelten
beş motivasyon tespit edilmiştir. Bu motivasyonlar önem sırasına göre; Bilgilenme, Karizma,
Belgeleme, Gözetim ve Yaratıcılık’tır. Bilgilenme motivasyonu yönelimli Instagram kullanan
bireyler, aynı zamanda Gözetim motivasyonuna da önem vermektedirler. Araştırmada günlük
Instagram kullanım süresi ile narsisizm düzeyi arasında anlamlı korelasyon tespit edilememiştir.
Ancak narsisizm düzeyi arttıkça, Instagram kullanım sıklığında bir artış yaşanmaktadır. Yine
katılımcıların narsisizm düzeyi ile Bilgilenme ve Karizma motivasyonları arasında zayıf düzeyde,
pozitif anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Adler, N. (2017). Who Posts Selfies and Why?: Personality, Attachment Style, and Mentalization as Predictors of Selfie Posting on Social Media. City University of New York (CUNY) Academic Works. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ gc_ etds/2301
  • Aktan, E. (2018). Instagram Kullanıcılarının Kullanım Motivasyonları ve Instagram Takip Davranışları, Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 9 (33), 127-146.
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293.
  • Balcı, Ş. & Ayhan, B. (2007). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İnternet Kullanım Ve Doyumları Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması. Selçuk İletişim, 5 (1), 174-197.
  • Bergman, S. M., Fearrington, M. E., Davenport, S. W., & Bergman, J. Z. (2011). Millennials, Narcissism and Social Networking: What Narcissists Do on Social Networking Sites and Why. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 706- 711.
  • Biolcati, R. &Passini, S. (2018). Narcissism and self-esteem: Different motivations for selfie posting behaviors. Cogent Psychology, 5 (1), 1-11.
  • Blumler, Jay G. (1979). The Role of Theory in Uses and Gratification Studies. Communication Research, 6 (1), 9-36.
  • Buffardi, L. E. & Campbel, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34 (10), 1303-1314.
  • Campbell, W. K. & Foster, J. D. (2007). The Narcissistic Self: Background, an Extended Agency Model and Ongoing Controversies. C. Sedikides & S. J. Spencer (Eds.), The Self: Frontiers of Social Psychology (pp. 115–138). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 482-486.
  • Choi, Y. J. (2001). Invertigating Koreans’ Internet Use Patterns and Motivations, and Exploring Vulnerability of Internet Dependency. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Southern Mississippi, UMI Dissertation Information Service.
  • Davenport, S. W., Bergman, S. M., Bergman, J. Z. & Fearrington, M. E. (2014). Twitter versus Facebook: Exploring the role of Narcissism in the Motives and Usage of Different Social Media Platforms. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 212–220.
  • Ellison, N., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2006). Managing impressions online: Selfpresentation processes in the online dating environment. Journal of ComputerMediated Communication, 11, 415–441.
  • Ertürk, Y. D. & Eray, T. E. (2016). Fenomenolojik Bir Kavram Olarak Kendilik ve Sosyal Ağlarda Kendilik Sunumu ile Narsistik Eğilimler İlişkisi: İletişim Fakültesi (İÜİF) Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma. Intermedia International e-Journal, 3 (4), 12-29.
  • Flaherty, L. M., Pearce, K, J, & Rubin, R. B. (1998). Internet and Face-to-Face Communication: Not Functional Alternatives. Communication Quarterly, 46 (3), 250-268.
  • Flanagin, A. J. & Metzger, M, J, (2001), Internet Use in the Contemporary Media Environment. Human Communication Research, 27 (1), 153- 181.
  • Freud, S. (1998). Narsisizm Üzerine ve Schreber Vakası. Banu Büyükkal ve Saffet Murat Tura (Çev.), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Gençtan, E. (2010). Psikodinamik Psikiyatri ve Normaldışı Davranışlar. Ankara: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • George, D. & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0 Update (10th Edition), Boston: Pearson.
  • Gülnar, B., Balcı, Ş, & Çakır, V. (2010). Motivations of Facebook, YouTube and Similar Web Services Users Based on Spectacle Performance Paradigm and Diffused Audience, bilig Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World, 54, 161-184. https://www.statista.com/statistics/253577/number-of-monthly-activeinstagram-users/. (Erişim: 14 Ocak 2019).
  • https://www.tech-worm.com/instagram-kullanici-sayisi-1-milyari-gecti/. (Erişim: 20 Ocak 2019).
  • Hu, Y., Manikonda, L., Kambhampati, S. (2014). What We Instagram: A First Analysis of Instagram Photo Content and User Types. 8th International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, ICWSM 2014, Ann Arbor, United States, 595-598.
  • Huang, Y. T. & Su, S. F. (2018). Motives for Instagram Use and Topics of Interest among Young Adults. Future Internet, 10 (8), 1-12.
  • Kapidzic, S. (2013). Narcissism as a predictor of motivations behind Facebook profile Picture selection. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16, 14–19.
  • Katz, E. & Foulkes, D. (1962). On the Use of the Mass Media as “Escape”: Clarification of a Concept. Public Opinion Quarterly, 26 (3), 377-388.
  • Katz, E., Blumler, J. G. & Gurevitch, M. (1974). “Uses and Gratifications Research”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37 (4), 509-523.
  • Katz, E., Blumler, J. G. & Gurevitch, M. (1995). Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual. Oliver Boyd-Barrett & Chris Newbold (Eds.), Approaches to Media: A Reader (pp. 164-173). London: Arnold Published.
  • Katz, E., Gurevitch, M. & Hass, H. (1973). On The Use of Mass Media for Important Things American Sociological Review, 38 (2), 164-181.
  • Kaye, B. K. & Johnson, T. J. (2002). Online and in the Know: Uses and Gratifications of the Web for Political Information. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46 (1), 54-71.
  • Kaye, B. K. (1998). Uses and Gratifications of the World Wide Web: From Couch Potato to Web Potato. The New Jersey Journal of Communication, 6 (1), 21-40.
  • Kernberg, O. (1999). Sınır Durumlar ve Patolojik Narsisizm. Mustafa Atakay (Çev.), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Konrath, S., Meier B. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2014). Development and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). PLOS ONE, 9 (8), e103469. doi:10.1371/ journal. pone.0103469
  • Kurtulan, S. (2017). Popüler Kültür ve Sosyal Medya: Moda Bloggerları Üzerine Bir Saha Çalışması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kuşay, Y. (2010). Sosyal Medyanın Gücü ve Uygulama Örnekleri. Aydoğan, F. ve Akyüz, A. (Der.), İkinci Medya Çağında İnternet, İstanbul: Alfa Yayıncılık, 61-89.
  • LaRose, R., Mastro, D., & Eastin, M. S. (2001). Understanding internet usage: A socialcognitive approach to uses and gratifications. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 395–414.
  • Lee, E., Lee, J.-A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures Speak Louder than Words: Motivations for Using Instagram, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 18 (9), 552-556.
  • Lee, E., Choi, T. R., Lee, T. D., Sung, Y. (2019). Using Instagram While “In a Relationship” The Roles of Narcissism and Self-Esteem. Journal of Individual Differences, 40 (2)
  • Mayfield, A. (2010). What is Social Media?. London: Icrossing Book.
  • McKinney, B. C., Kelly, L., & Duran, R. L. (2012). Narcissism Or Openness?: College Students’ Use of Facebook and Twitter. Communication Research Reports, 29, 108-118.
  • Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook, Cyberpsychology, Behaviour and Social Networking, 13 (4), 357- 364.
  • Mendelson, A. L. & Papacharissi, Z. (2010). Look at us: Collective Narcissism in College Student Facebook Photo Galleries. Papacharissi, Z. (Ed.), In The Networked Self: Identity, Community and Culture on Social Network Sites, Philadelphia: Routledge., https://zizi.people.uic.edu/Site/Research_files/Look%20at%20 meAMZP.pdf
  • Moon, J. H., Lee, E., Lee, J.-A., Choi, T. R. & Sung, Y. (2016).The Role of Narcissism in Self-Promotion on Instagram, Personality and Individual Differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 22-25.
  • Oğuz, T. (2016). Çağdaş Narkisisos’lar: Facebook Kullanım Alışkanlıkları ve Narsisizm. Selçuk İletişim, 9 (2), 51-68.
  • Ozan, E., Kırkpınar, İ., Aydın, N., Fidan, T. & Oral, M. (2008). Narsisistik Kişilik Bozukluğu: Gelişim Süreçleri ve Yaşamı, Psikiyatride Derlemeler. Olgular ve Varsayımlar Dergisi, 2 (1-2), 25-37.
  • Özsoy, E.,Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P. K. & Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad (SD3-T), and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T). Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11-14.
  • Palmgreen, P. & Rayburn, J. D. (1979). Uses and Gratifications and Exposure to Public Television: A Discrepancy Method. Communication Research, 6 (2), 155-180.
  • Panek, E. T., Nardis, Y. & Konrath, S. (2013). Mirror or Mega Phone? How Relationships between Narcissism and Social Net Working Site Use Differ on Facebook and Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2004-2012.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Türkçe Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Şükrü Balcı 0000-0002-0477-0622

Enes Bal This is me 0000-0002-6426-9426

Özlem Delal 0000-0002-3653-5838

Publication Date July 22, 2019
Submission Date March 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Balcı, Ş., Bal, E., & Delal, Ö. (2019). Instagram Kullanım Alışkanlıkları ve Motivasyonları ile Narsisizm Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Selçuk Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 6(2), 955-974. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.543430