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ORGANİZMANIN BİREYLEŞİMİNDE SELF-ORGANİZASYONUN ROLÜ

Year 2023, Issue: 36, 323 - 346, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1318064

Abstract

Düzenlilik arz eden süreçlerin ve örüntülerin, belirleyici bir kalıp veya dışarıdan bir müdahale olmaksızın çok sayıdaki bileşen arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkilere dayalı olarak ortaya çıkması anlamına gelen self-organizasyon, günümüzde üzerine giderek daha fazla araştırma yürütülen bir olgudur. Self-organizasyonla bağlantılı düşünceler felsefe tarihinde de Antik Çağ’dan itibaren ileri sürülmüştür. Bu olgunun dengeden-uzak sistemler temelinde termodinamik açıdan ele alınması ise bu alanda yeni bir dönemi başlatmıştır. Self-organize sistemlerde ve canlı varlıklarda form maddedeki akışa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve içsel olarak belirlenmektedir. Organizmanın gelişim sürecinin self-organizasyonla bağlantısının kurulması, Aristoteles’ten itibaren çözülmeye çalışılan, canlılıkta formun gelişimi problemine ışık tutmaktadır. Bu makale, son dönemde yürütülen bilimsel çalışmalar temelinde söz konusu bağlantı üzerinde durmakta ve meselenin felsefî boyutuna dair bir tartışma yürütmektedir. Morfogenez sürecinde Turing örüntüleri gibi self-organize etmenlerin rolü üzerindeki çalışmalar organizmanın formu probleminin çözümünde yeni bir kapı aralamaktadır. Felsefî açıdan ise, Simondon’un ifadesiyle, bireyin oluş sürecinin bireyden önce geldiğini ve organizmada bu oluş sürecinin yaşam boyu sürdüğünü ileri süren bireyleşim temelli yaklaşım, self-organizasyonun organizmanın gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini anlamak adına son derece önemlidir.

References

  • Bak, Per, Chao Tang, ve Kurt Wiesenfeld. “Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the 1/f noise”. Physical Review Letters 59, sayı 4 (1987): 381–384.
  • Camazine, Scott, J. L. Deneubourg, Nigel R. Franks, James Sneyd, Guy Theraulaz, ve Eric Bonabeau. Self-organization in Biological Systems. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
  • Deglincerti, Alessia, Fred Etoc, M. Zeeshan Ozair, ve Ali H. Brivanlou. “Self-organization of spatial patterning in human embryonic stem cells”. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 116, (2016): 99–113.
  • Driesch, Hans. The Science and Philosophy of the Organism. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1908.
  • Feistel, Rainer, ve Wemer Ebeling. Physics of Self-Organization and Evolution. Weinheim: Wiley, 2011.
  • Goodwin, Brian C. “Developing organisms as self-organizing fields”. Self-Organizing Systems: The Emergence of Order, editör F Eugene Yates içinde, 167–180. New York: Springer US, 1987.
  • Goodwin, Brian C. “Problems and paradigms: What are the causes of morphogenesis?” BioEssays 3, sayı 1 (1985): 32–36.
  • Greenspan, R. J. “The flexible genome”. Nature Review Genetics 2, sayı 5 (2001): 383-387.
  • Huizar, Francisco, Dharsan Soundarrajan, Ramezan Paravitorghabeh, ve Jeremiah Zartman. “Interplay between Morphogen-Directed Positional Information Systems and Physiological Signaling”. Developmental Dynamics : An Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists 249, sayı 3 (2020): 328–341.
  • Jacobson, Antone G. ve Amy K. Sater. “Features of embryonic induction. Development”. 104, sayı 3, (1988): 341–359.
  • Kant, Immanuel. Yargı Yetisinin Eleştirisi. Çeviren Aziz Yardımlı. İstanbul: İdea Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Karsenti, Eric. “Self-organization in cell biology: A brief history”. Nature Reviews 9 (2008): 255–262.
  • Lucretius Carus, Titus. On the Nature of the Universe. London: Penguin Books, 1994.
  • Liu, Lulu, ve Pablo Solis. "The speed and lifetime of cosmic ray muons." Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 2139 (2007).
  • McLaughlin, Peter. What Functions Explain: Functional Explanation and Self-Reproducing Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  • Mitchell, Sandra D. “Exporting causal knowledge in evolutionary and developmental biology”. Philosophy of Science 75, sayı 5 (2008): 697–706.
  • Morales, J Serrano, Jelena Raspopovic, ve Luciano Marcon. “From embryos to embryoids: How external signals and self-organization drive embryonic development”. Stem Cell Reports 16, sayı 5 (2021): 1039–1050.
  • Moss, Lenny. What Genes Can't Do. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.
  • Newman, Stuart A., ve Gerd B. Müller. “Origination and innovation in the vertebrate limb skeleton: an epigenetic perspective”. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 304, sayı 6 (2005): 593–609.
  • Prigogine, Ilya, ve Isabelle Stengers. Order Out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with Nature. London: Verso, 2017.
  • Prokopenko, Mikhail. “Guided self‐organization”. HFSP Journal 3, sayı 5 (2009): 287–289.
  • Schrödinger, E. What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Simondon, Gilbert. “The genesis of the individual”. Incorporations 6 (1992): 296–319.
  • Simondon, Gilbert. “The position of the problem of ontogenesis”. Parrhesia 7, sayı 1 (2009): 4–16.
  • Spencer, Herbert. “Progress: Its law and cause”. Essays: Scientific, Political, and Speculative içinde, 1: 8–62. London: Williams and Norgate, 1891.
  • Swenson, Rod. “Spontaneous order, evolution, and autocatakinetics: The nomological basis for the emergence of meaning”. Evolutionary Systems: Biological and Epistemological Perspectives on Selection and Self-Organization içinde, 155–180. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.
  • Turing, Alan M. “The chemical basis of morphogenesis”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 237, sayı 641 (1952): 37–72.
  • Vogg M. C, Galliot B, ve C. D. Tsiairis. “Model systems for regeneration: Hydra”. Development 146, sayı 21 (2019).
  • Wolpert, Lewis. “The French flag problem: A contribution to the discussion on pattern development and regulation”. Towards a Theoretical Biology, içinde, 125–133. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1968. Wright, Larry (1973). Functions. The Philosophical Review, 82, sayı 2 (1973): 139–168.

THE ROLE OF SELF-ORGANIZATION IN THE INDIVIDUATION OF THE ORGANISM

Year 2023, Issue: 36, 323 - 346, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1318064

Abstract

Self-organization, which means the emergence of ordered processes and patterns based on reciprocal relations between multiple components without any template or external intervention, is a phenomenon that has been widely researched recently. Ideas that are related to self-organization have been brought forward by philosophers since the Ancient Age, too. Investigation of this phenomenon in relation to far-from-equilibrium systems from a thermodynamic perspective started a new era in this field. In self-organized systems and living things, the form appears as a result of the flow of matter and is determined internally. New research on the relationship between the form of organisms and self-organization sheds light on the problem of the development of form in living systems, which has been dealt with since Aristotle. In this article, I address this relationship based on recent scientific research and discuss the philosophical basis of the issue. Studies on the role of self-organized dynamics such as Turing patterns in morphogenesis provide new insights into the question of the form of organisms. And from a philosophical perspective, the notion of individuation, which involves the ideas that, as Simondon states, the formation of an individual precedes the individual and that such a formation takes place until the end of the organism’s lifespan, is essential to understanding the role of self-organization in the development of an organism.

References

  • Bak, Per, Chao Tang, ve Kurt Wiesenfeld. “Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the 1/f noise”. Physical Review Letters 59, sayı 4 (1987): 381–384.
  • Camazine, Scott, J. L. Deneubourg, Nigel R. Franks, James Sneyd, Guy Theraulaz, ve Eric Bonabeau. Self-organization in Biological Systems. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
  • Deglincerti, Alessia, Fred Etoc, M. Zeeshan Ozair, ve Ali H. Brivanlou. “Self-organization of spatial patterning in human embryonic stem cells”. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 116, (2016): 99–113.
  • Driesch, Hans. The Science and Philosophy of the Organism. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1908.
  • Feistel, Rainer, ve Wemer Ebeling. Physics of Self-Organization and Evolution. Weinheim: Wiley, 2011.
  • Goodwin, Brian C. “Developing organisms as self-organizing fields”. Self-Organizing Systems: The Emergence of Order, editör F Eugene Yates içinde, 167–180. New York: Springer US, 1987.
  • Goodwin, Brian C. “Problems and paradigms: What are the causes of morphogenesis?” BioEssays 3, sayı 1 (1985): 32–36.
  • Greenspan, R. J. “The flexible genome”. Nature Review Genetics 2, sayı 5 (2001): 383-387.
  • Huizar, Francisco, Dharsan Soundarrajan, Ramezan Paravitorghabeh, ve Jeremiah Zartman. “Interplay between Morphogen-Directed Positional Information Systems and Physiological Signaling”. Developmental Dynamics : An Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists 249, sayı 3 (2020): 328–341.
  • Jacobson, Antone G. ve Amy K. Sater. “Features of embryonic induction. Development”. 104, sayı 3, (1988): 341–359.
  • Kant, Immanuel. Yargı Yetisinin Eleştirisi. Çeviren Aziz Yardımlı. İstanbul: İdea Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Karsenti, Eric. “Self-organization in cell biology: A brief history”. Nature Reviews 9 (2008): 255–262.
  • Lucretius Carus, Titus. On the Nature of the Universe. London: Penguin Books, 1994.
  • Liu, Lulu, ve Pablo Solis. "The speed and lifetime of cosmic ray muons." Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 2139 (2007).
  • McLaughlin, Peter. What Functions Explain: Functional Explanation and Self-Reproducing Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  • Mitchell, Sandra D. “Exporting causal knowledge in evolutionary and developmental biology”. Philosophy of Science 75, sayı 5 (2008): 697–706.
  • Morales, J Serrano, Jelena Raspopovic, ve Luciano Marcon. “From embryos to embryoids: How external signals and self-organization drive embryonic development”. Stem Cell Reports 16, sayı 5 (2021): 1039–1050.
  • Moss, Lenny. What Genes Can't Do. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.
  • Newman, Stuart A., ve Gerd B. Müller. “Origination and innovation in the vertebrate limb skeleton: an epigenetic perspective”. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 304, sayı 6 (2005): 593–609.
  • Prigogine, Ilya, ve Isabelle Stengers. Order Out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with Nature. London: Verso, 2017.
  • Prokopenko, Mikhail. “Guided self‐organization”. HFSP Journal 3, sayı 5 (2009): 287–289.
  • Schrödinger, E. What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Simondon, Gilbert. “The genesis of the individual”. Incorporations 6 (1992): 296–319.
  • Simondon, Gilbert. “The position of the problem of ontogenesis”. Parrhesia 7, sayı 1 (2009): 4–16.
  • Spencer, Herbert. “Progress: Its law and cause”. Essays: Scientific, Political, and Speculative içinde, 1: 8–62. London: Williams and Norgate, 1891.
  • Swenson, Rod. “Spontaneous order, evolution, and autocatakinetics: The nomological basis for the emergence of meaning”. Evolutionary Systems: Biological and Epistemological Perspectives on Selection and Self-Organization içinde, 155–180. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.
  • Turing, Alan M. “The chemical basis of morphogenesis”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 237, sayı 641 (1952): 37–72.
  • Vogg M. C, Galliot B, ve C. D. Tsiairis. “Model systems for regeneration: Hydra”. Development 146, sayı 21 (2019).
  • Wolpert, Lewis. “The French flag problem: A contribution to the discussion on pattern development and regulation”. Towards a Theoretical Biology, içinde, 125–133. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1968. Wright, Larry (1973). Functions. The Philosophical Review, 82, sayı 2 (1973): 139–168.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy of Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Çağlar Karaca 0000-0002-4059-6916

Publication Date November 27, 2023
Submission Date June 21, 2023
Acceptance Date November 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 36

Cite

Chicago Karaca, Çağlar. “ORGANİZMANIN BİREYLEŞİMİNDE SELF-ORGANİZASYONUN ROLÜ”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 36 (November 2023): 323-46. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1318064.

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