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ALTERNATİF OLANAKLAR İLKESİ VE FRANKFURT

Year 2023, Issue: 36, 95 - 110, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1318095

Abstract

Alternatif Olanaklar İlkesi, kişinin yaptığından başka türlü yapabilirse ahlaken sorumlu olacağını iddia eder. Alternatif Olanaklar İlkesi’nin sonucuna göre özgür irade, ahlaki sorumluluk için zorunlu bir koşul olarak varsayılır. Frankfurt ise Alternatif Olanaklar İlkesi’nin yanlış olduğunu, özgür iradenin ve ahlaki sorumluluğun yanlış anlaşıldığını savunur. Frankfurt, bu iddiasını desteklemek için karşı-örnekler oluşturur. Bu karşı-örnekler ile kişinin yaptığından başka türlü yapabileceği iddia edilir. Bu makalenin amacı, Alternatif Olanaklar İlkesi'ni Frankfurt’un özgür irade ve ahlaki sorumlulukla ilgili düşünceleri çerçevesinde incelemek ve tartışmaktır.

References

  • Anderson, Scott. “How Did There Come to be Two Kinds of Coercion?.” Coercion and the State içinde, ed. David A. Reidy, Walter J. Riker, Springer Science, NY: Business Media B.V., 2008.
  • Anderson, Scott. “Coercion.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/coercion/ 2011.
  • Bernstein, Sara. “The Metaphysics of Omissions: The Metaphysics of Omissions.” Philosophy Compass, vol. 10, no. 3, 2015.
  • Borchert, Donald M. Encyclopedia of Philosophy, c:3, USA: 2nd edition, 2006.
  • Clarke, Randolph. “What Is an Omission?.” Philosophical Issues, vol. 22, no. 1, 2012.
  • Campbell, Joseph K. “A Compatibilist Theory of Alternative Possibilities.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 88, no. 3, 1997.
  • Fischer John ve Ravizza, Mark. Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral Responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • Fischer, John Martin ve Ravizza, Mark. Perspectives on Moral Responsibility. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
  • Fischer, John Martin ve Ravizza Mark. “Responsibility and Inevitability.” Ethics, vol. 101, no. 2, 1991.
  • Fischer, John Martin. My Way: Essays on Moral Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Fischer, John Martin. “Compatibilism.” Four Views on Free Will içinde, ed. by J. M. Fischer, R. Kane, D. Pereboom vd., USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
  • Fischer, John Martin ve Kane Robert vd., Four Views on Free Will. Blackwell Publishing: USA, 2007.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. “An Alleged Asymmetry Between Actions and Omissions.” Ethics, vol: 104, no: 3, 1994.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. The Importance of What We Care About: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. “Reply to John Martin Fischer.” Contours of Agency Essays on Themes from Harry Frankfurt içinde, ed. by Sarah Buss-Lee Overton, London: The MIT Press, 2002.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility.” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 66, no. 33, 2006.
  • Glannon, Walter. “Responsibility and the Principle of Possible Action.” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 92, no. 5, 1995.
  • Hu, Jingbo. “Reasons-Responsiveness, Action and Control: An Event-Causal Account of Agency.” Summitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, UK: University of Sheffield, 2020.
  • Hunt, David P. “Frankfurt Counterexamples: Some Comments on the Widerker-Fischer Debate.” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 13, no. 3, 1996.
  • Hunt, David. P. “Moral Responsibility and Unavoidable Action.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 97, no. 2, 2000.
  • Kane, Robert. A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will. NY: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Kane, Robert. The Oxford Handbook of Free Will. The Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Kühler Michael ve Jelinek Nadja. “Autonomy and Self,” Preprints of the Centre for Advanced Study in Bioethics, vol. 10, 2010.
  • Locke, John. İnsan Anlığı Üzerine Bir Deneme, çev. Vehbi Hacıkadiroğlu, İstanbul: Ara Yayıncılık, 1992.
  • Lowe, E. J. Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Locke on Human Understanding. London: Routledge, 1995.
  • McKenna, Michael. “Robustness, Control, and the Demand for Morally Significant Alternatives: Frankfurt Examples with Oodles and Oodles of Alternatives”, Moral Responsibility and Alternative Possibilities: Essays on the Importance of Alternative Possibilities içinde, ed. by David Widerker-Michael McKenna, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2003.
  • McKenna Micheal ve Coates, D. Justin “Compatibilism.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/compatibilism/, 2019.
  • Mele, Alfred ve Robb, David. “Rescuing Frankfurt-Style Cases,” The Philosophical Review, vol. 107, no. 1, Duke University Press, 1998.
  • Pereboom, Derk. Living without Free Will. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001.
  • Robb, David. “Moral Responsibility and the Principle of Alternative Possibilities.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/alternative-possibilities/, 2020.
  • Shabo, Seth “Agency without Avoidability: Defusing a New Threat to Frankfurt’s Counterexample Strategy.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 41, no. 4, 2011.
  • Simkulet, William. “On Fischer and Frankfurt-style Cases.” Filosofiska Notiser, vol. 5, no. 1, 2018.
  • Speaks, Jeff. “Frankfurt’s Compatibilist Theory of Free Will,” University of Notre Dame, Philosophy of Action, USA: PHIL 43503, 2006.
  • Strawson, Peter Frederick. “Freedom and Resentment.” Proceedings of the British Academy, Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays içinde, London: Routledge, 1962, 2008.
  • Swenson, Philip. “The Frankfurt Cases and Responsibility for Omissions.” The Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 66, no. 264, 2016.
  • Terrance Lynn, Philosophy, “Frankfurt’s Theory of Free Will&Alternative Possibilities.” https://www.lycoming.edu/schemata/documents/Phil140_Lynn_Fall2009Issue.pdf, 2009.
  • Türkcan, Aysun. “Tanrının Önbilgisi ve Özgür İrade Probleminde Harry Gordon Frankfurt Yaklaşımı.” Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: 2019.
  • Watson, Gary. “Responsibility and the Limits of Evil: Variations on a Strawsonian Theme.” Free Will: Concepts and Challenges içinde, ed. by J. M. Fischer, NY, 2005.
  • Widerker, David. “Frankfurt-Friendly Libertarianism,” The Oxford Handbook of Free Will içinde, ed. by Robert Kane, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

THE PRINCIPLE OF ALTERNATE POSSIBILITY AND FRANKFURT

Year 2023, Issue: 36, 95 - 110, 27.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1318095

Abstract

The Principle of Alternate Possibility claim that a person is morally responsible for only if he could have done otherwise. According to The Principle of Alternate Possibility consequence is supposed to free will a necessary condition for moral responsibility. But Frankfurt claim that The Principle of Alternate Possibility is false and free will and moral responsibility problem is falsify. Frankfurt creates a counter-examples to support this claim. In these counter-examples is claimed that a person can do otherwise than what have done. In this article aims to examine and debate the Principle of Alternative Possibilities within the framework of Frankfurt’s ideas on free will and moral responsibility.

References

  • Anderson, Scott. “How Did There Come to be Two Kinds of Coercion?.” Coercion and the State içinde, ed. David A. Reidy, Walter J. Riker, Springer Science, NY: Business Media B.V., 2008.
  • Anderson, Scott. “Coercion.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/coercion/ 2011.
  • Bernstein, Sara. “The Metaphysics of Omissions: The Metaphysics of Omissions.” Philosophy Compass, vol. 10, no. 3, 2015.
  • Borchert, Donald M. Encyclopedia of Philosophy, c:3, USA: 2nd edition, 2006.
  • Clarke, Randolph. “What Is an Omission?.” Philosophical Issues, vol. 22, no. 1, 2012.
  • Campbell, Joseph K. “A Compatibilist Theory of Alternative Possibilities.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 88, no. 3, 1997.
  • Fischer John ve Ravizza, Mark. Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral Responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • Fischer, John Martin ve Ravizza, Mark. Perspectives on Moral Responsibility. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
  • Fischer, John Martin ve Ravizza Mark. “Responsibility and Inevitability.” Ethics, vol. 101, no. 2, 1991.
  • Fischer, John Martin. My Way: Essays on Moral Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Fischer, John Martin. “Compatibilism.” Four Views on Free Will içinde, ed. by J. M. Fischer, R. Kane, D. Pereboom vd., USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
  • Fischer, John Martin ve Kane Robert vd., Four Views on Free Will. Blackwell Publishing: USA, 2007.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. “An Alleged Asymmetry Between Actions and Omissions.” Ethics, vol: 104, no: 3, 1994.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. The Importance of What We Care About: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. “Reply to John Martin Fischer.” Contours of Agency Essays on Themes from Harry Frankfurt içinde, ed. by Sarah Buss-Lee Overton, London: The MIT Press, 2002.
  • Frankfurt, Harry Gordon. “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility.” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 66, no. 33, 2006.
  • Glannon, Walter. “Responsibility and the Principle of Possible Action.” Journal of Philosophy, vol. 92, no. 5, 1995.
  • Hu, Jingbo. “Reasons-Responsiveness, Action and Control: An Event-Causal Account of Agency.” Summitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, UK: University of Sheffield, 2020.
  • Hunt, David P. “Frankfurt Counterexamples: Some Comments on the Widerker-Fischer Debate.” Faith and Philosophy, vol. 13, no. 3, 1996.
  • Hunt, David. P. “Moral Responsibility and Unavoidable Action.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 97, no. 2, 2000.
  • Kane, Robert. A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will. NY: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Kane, Robert. The Oxford Handbook of Free Will. The Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Kühler Michael ve Jelinek Nadja. “Autonomy and Self,” Preprints of the Centre for Advanced Study in Bioethics, vol. 10, 2010.
  • Locke, John. İnsan Anlığı Üzerine Bir Deneme, çev. Vehbi Hacıkadiroğlu, İstanbul: Ara Yayıncılık, 1992.
  • Lowe, E. J. Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Locke on Human Understanding. London: Routledge, 1995.
  • McKenna, Michael. “Robustness, Control, and the Demand for Morally Significant Alternatives: Frankfurt Examples with Oodles and Oodles of Alternatives”, Moral Responsibility and Alternative Possibilities: Essays on the Importance of Alternative Possibilities içinde, ed. by David Widerker-Michael McKenna, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2003.
  • McKenna Micheal ve Coates, D. Justin “Compatibilism.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/compatibilism/, 2019.
  • Mele, Alfred ve Robb, David. “Rescuing Frankfurt-Style Cases,” The Philosophical Review, vol. 107, no. 1, Duke University Press, 1998.
  • Pereboom, Derk. Living without Free Will. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001.
  • Robb, David. “Moral Responsibility and the Principle of Alternative Possibilities.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/alternative-possibilities/, 2020.
  • Shabo, Seth “Agency without Avoidability: Defusing a New Threat to Frankfurt’s Counterexample Strategy.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 41, no. 4, 2011.
  • Simkulet, William. “On Fischer and Frankfurt-style Cases.” Filosofiska Notiser, vol. 5, no. 1, 2018.
  • Speaks, Jeff. “Frankfurt’s Compatibilist Theory of Free Will,” University of Notre Dame, Philosophy of Action, USA: PHIL 43503, 2006.
  • Strawson, Peter Frederick. “Freedom and Resentment.” Proceedings of the British Academy, Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays içinde, London: Routledge, 1962, 2008.
  • Swenson, Philip. “The Frankfurt Cases and Responsibility for Omissions.” The Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 66, no. 264, 2016.
  • Terrance Lynn, Philosophy, “Frankfurt’s Theory of Free Will&Alternative Possibilities.” https://www.lycoming.edu/schemata/documents/Phil140_Lynn_Fall2009Issue.pdf, 2009.
  • Türkcan, Aysun. “Tanrının Önbilgisi ve Özgür İrade Probleminde Harry Gordon Frankfurt Yaklaşımı.” Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: 2019.
  • Watson, Gary. “Responsibility and the Limits of Evil: Variations on a Strawsonian Theme.” Free Will: Concepts and Challenges içinde, ed. by J. M. Fischer, NY, 2005.
  • Widerker, David. “Frankfurt-Friendly Libertarianism,” The Oxford Handbook of Free Will içinde, ed. by Robert Kane, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sevgi Çakır 0009-0001-8004-0787

Publication Date November 27, 2023
Submission Date June 21, 2023
Acceptance Date August 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 36

Cite

Chicago Çakır, Sevgi. “ALTERNATİF OLANAKLAR İLKESİ VE FRANKFURT”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 36 (November 2023): 95-110. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1318095.

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