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Türkiye’de Ekonomik Suçların Dinamikleri ve Belirleyicileri

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 751 - 771, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1345839

Abstract

Suç ekonomisi iki konu ile ilgilenir: (i) suçun ekonomik maliyeti ve (ii) bireyler tarafından işlenen suçun arkasındaki iktisadi motivasyonlar. Bu bağlamda suç, ekonomik bir niteliğe sahip olup olmamasına göre ayrılmaktadır. Ekonomik suçlar kar, menfaat veya sosyal statü elde etmek amacıyla işlenen şiddet içermeyen suçlar olarak tanımlanabilir. Suç dinamiklerini anlamak, topluma olan ekonomik ve sosyal maliyetlerini en aza indirgemek için politika oluşturma açısından çok önemlidir. Son on yılda, Türkiye'de toplam suç miktarı sürekli olarak artmaktadır. 2012 yılına kadar toplam suçların yaklaşık %60'ını ekonomik suçlar oluşturuyordu. Daha sonraki yıllarda diğer suçların (özellikle yaralama, tehdit ve trafik suçları) toplam suçlar içindeki oranı ekonomik suçları geçmiş, bununla birlikte ekonomik suçların sayısı da giderek artarak 2018 yılında zirveye ulaşmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye'de ekonomik suçlar bölgesel farklılıklar göstermektedir ve bu farklılıkların ortaya konulması politika yapıcılara faydalı bilgiler sağlayabilmektedir. Bu nedenle Türkiye'de bölgesel düzeyde ekonomik suç dinamiklerinin ve ekonomik değişkenlerle ilişkisinin incelenmesinin yerinde ve önemli olduğu görülmektedir. 2006-2020 dönemi için 26 alt bölgeye ait ekonomik suç verileri geniş bir kapsamda toplanmıştır. İlk önce haritalama yöntemini kullanarak mülk ve dolandırıcılıktaki bölgesel farklılıkları analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca dinamik panel metodolojisi ile gelir, işsizlik ve eğitim düzeyi ile mülk ve dolandırıcılık arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya koymaya çalışılmış ve değişkenlerin farklı ekonomik suçlar üzerinde farklı etkileri olduğunu ortaya konmuştur.

References

  • Achim Monica, V. & Borlea Sorin, N. (2020). Economic and Political Determinants of Economic and Financial Crime. Economic and Financial Crime: Corruption, Shadow Economy, and Money Laundering (73-176).
  • Achim Monica, V., Văidean Viorela, L., Borlea Sorin, N. & Decebal, R. F. (2021). The Impact of the Development of Society on Economic and Financial Crime: Case Study for European Union Member States. Risks, 9(5), 97.
  • Akdeniz, S. & Öcal, F. M. (2011). Ekonomik Suçlar ve Kriz. İ. Şiriner, F. Morady, J. Mika, M. Aydın, Ş. A. Koç, H. Kapucu & E. Doğan (Ed.), Political Economy, Crisis and Development (Politik İktisat, Kriz ve Kalkınma) (135-152).
  • Aksu, H. & Akkuş, Y. (2010). Türkiye'de Mala Karşı Suçların Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı (1970-2007). Sosyoekonomi, 11(11).
  • Altindag, D. T. (2012). Crime and Unemployment: Evidence from Europe. International Review of Law and Economics, 32(1), 145-157.
  • Amza, T. (2002). Criminologie, Tratat de Teorie şi Politica Criminologica (Criminology, Treatise on Criminological Theory and Policy). Bucharest: Lumina Lex Publishing House.
  • Andresen, M. A. (2012). Unemployment and Crime: A Neighborhood Level Panel Data Approach. Social Science Research, 41(6), 1615-1628.
  • Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Ayhan, F. & Bursa, N. (2019). Unemployment and Crime Nexus in European Union Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(34), 465-484.
  • Baharom, A. H. & Habibullah, M. S. (2009). Crime and Income Inequality: The Case of Malaysia. Journal of Politics and Law., 2, 55.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Forecasting with Panel Data. Journal of Forecasting, 27(2), 153-173.
  • Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.
  • Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (1998). Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115-143.
  • Brosnan, S. (2018). The Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime in Ireland from 2003-2012. The Economic and Social Review, 49(2, Summer), 127-143.
  • Buonanno, P. (2003). The Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime. A Review of the Literature. Working Paper Dipartimento Di Economia Politica, Università Di Milano Bicocca, 63.
  • Buonanno, P. & Montolio, D. (2008). Identifying the Socio-Economic and Demographic Determinants of Crime Across Spanish Provinces. International Review of Law and Economics, 28(2), 89-97.
  • Choe, J. (2008). Income Inequality and Crime in the United States. Economics Letters, 101(1), 31-33.
  • Cinar, M. & Tas, C. (2022). Türkiye'de Bölgesel İşsizlik ve Suç Türleri İlişkisi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı. Business & Economics Research Journal, 13(2).
  • Cömertler, N. & Kar, M. (2007). Türkiye'de Suç Oranının Sosyo-Ekonomik Belirleyicileri: Yatay Kesit Analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 62(02), 37-57.
  • Durusoy, S., Köse, S. & Karadeniz, O. (2008). Başlıca Sosyo-Ekonomik Sorunlar Suçun Belirleyicisi Olabilir mi? Türkiye'de İller Arası Bir Analiz. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (Elektronik).
  • Durusu-Çiftçi, D. & Kargın Akkoç, G. (2019). Convergence of Crime in Turkey: Time Series Analysis with Accounting Structural Breaks. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar Dergisi.
  • Edmark, K. (2005). Unemployment and Crime: Is There a Connection?. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(2), 353-373.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1973). Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 521-565.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1996). Crime, Punishment, and the Market for Offenses. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1), 43-67.
  • Er Yigit, E. (2019). Socio-Economic Determinants of Property Crime in Turkey. Doctoral Dissertation, Marmara University, Turkey.
  • Eren, M. & Özkılbaç, S. (2020). Türkiye’de Genç İşsizliği ile Suç Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki: Düzey 1 Bölgeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 9(17), 13-20.
  • Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D. & Loayza, N. (2002). What Causes Violent Crime?. European Economic Review, 46(7), 1323-1357.
  • Filiztekin, A. (2013). Türkiye'de Suç ve Emek Piyasası İlişkisi. Literatür Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Freeman, R. B. (1999). The Economics of Crime. Handbook of Labor Economics, 3, 3529-3571.
  • Glaeser, E. L., Sacerdote, B. & Scheinkman, J. A. (1996). Crime and Social Interactions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2), 507-548.
  • Gottschalk, P. (2010). Categories of Financial Crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(4), 441-458.
  • Gould, E. D., Weinberg, B. A. & Mustard, D. B. (2002). Crime Rates and Local Labor Market Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
  • Groot, W. & Van Den Brink, H. M. (2010). The Effects of Education on Crime. Applied Economics, 42(3), 279-289.
  • Gültekin, H. & Oğuzhan, A. (2021). Socioeconomic Factors' Effect on Crime: Spatial Panel Data Analysis of Level-2 Regions. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (31), 293-310.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2012). Temporal Causality and the Dynamics of Crime in Turkey. International Journal of Social Economics, 39(9), 704-720.
  • Hazra, D. (2020). What Does (And Does Not) Affect Crime in India?. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(4), 503-521.
  • Hjalmarsson, R. & Lochner, L. (2012). The Impact of Education on Crime: International Evidence. Cesifo DICE Report, 10(2), 49-55.
  • Imrohoroglu, A., Merlo, A. & Rupert, P. (2006). Understanding the Determinants of Crime. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 270-284.
  • Jawadi, F., Mallick, S. K., Cheffou, A. I. & Augustine, A. (2021). Does Higher Unemployment Lead to Greater Criminality? Revisiting the Debate Over the Business Cycle. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 182, 448-471.
  • Kaya, A. & Tabak, O. (2023). The Effects of Socio-Economic Factors on Property Crimes against Wealth: System GMM Analysis in Turkey's Level-2 Regions. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 38(1), 35-53.
  • Khan, N., Ahmed, J., Nawaz, M. & Zaman, K. (2015). The Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Pakistan: New Evidence on an Old Debate. Arab Economic and Business Journal, 10(2), 73-81.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F. & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24.
  • Lochner, L. (2004). Education, Work, and Crime: A Human Capital Approach. International Economic Review, 45(3), 811-843.
  • Lochner, L. & Moretti, E. (2004). The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-Reports. American Economic Review, 94(1), 155-189.
  • Malby, St., Davis, P., Wever, W., Broek, E., Rizzi, R. & Pysden, C. (2012). Monitoring the Impact of Economic Crisis on Crime. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
  • Melick, M. D. (2003). The Relationship Between Crime and Unemployment. The Park Place Economist, 11(1), 30-36.
  • Neumayer, E. (2005). Inequality and Violent Crime: Evidence from Data on Robbery and Violent Theft. Journal of Peace Research, 42(1), 101-112.
  • Odabaşı, S. (2022). Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Turkey: A Panel Data Analysis. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(3), 586-606.
  • Roodman, D. (2006). How to Do Xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata. Center for Global Development Working Paper, No.103.
  • Saridakis, G. & Spengler, H. (2012). Crime, Deterrence and Unemployment in Greece: A Panel Data Approach. The Social Science Journal, 49(2), 167-174.
  • Sugiharti, L., Purwono, R., Esquivias, M. A. & Rohmawati, H. (2023). The Nexus Between Crime Rates, Poverty, and Income Inequality: A Case Study of Indonesia. Economies, 11(2), 62.
  • Sutherland, E. H. (1945). Is "White Collar Crime" Crime?. American Sociological Review, 10(2), 132-139.
  • Tunca, H. (2018). Do Crimes Against Property Converge?. Aydın İktisat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 18-29.
  • Tunca, H. (2019). Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime: A Panel Data Analysis. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(4), 2767-2784.
  • Tuzcu Ersin, B., Şirin, E. & Necipoğlu, C. (2022). Financial Crime in Turkey: Overview. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-0204991?transitiontype=default&contextdata=(sc.default)&firstpage=true
  • Wassie, N., Melese, B. & Eyasu, N. (2023). Socioeconomic Determinants of Property Crime Offending in Ethiopia: Convicted Offenders in Focus. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(2), 494-511.
  • Yıldız, Ü., Kabakçı Günay, E., Günsoy, G. & Günsoy, B. (2022). Socioeconomic Determinants of Economic Crimes in Turkey: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 20(3), 253-275.

The Dynamics and Determinants of Economic Crimes in Turkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 751 - 771, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1345839

Abstract

The economics of crime deals with two issues: (i) the economic cost of the crime, and (ii) the economic motivations behind the crime that is committed by individuals. In this context, crime is distinguished by whether it has an economic characteristic or not. Economic crimes can be defined as non-violent crimes committed to gain profit, benefit, or social status. Understanding the dynamics of crime is crucial for policy-making to minimize the economic and social costs to society. In the last decade, the total amount of crime has been increasing continuously in Türkiye. The economic crimes accounted for approximately 60 % of total crimes until 2012. In the later years, the rate of other crimes (particularly, assault, threat, and traffic crimes) in total crimes have surpassed economic crimes, nonetheless, the number of economic crimes has also been increasing gradually and peaked in 2018. Moreover, economic crimes show regional differences in Türkiye, and revealing these disparities may provide useful insights to policymakers. Therefore, the examination of the dynamics of economic crimes at the regional level and its relationship with economic variables in Türkiye seems to be timely and important. We collect a broad economic crime data of 26 sub-regions for the 2006-2020 period. We first analyze the regional differences in property and fraud by utilizing the mapping method. We also tried to reveal the link between income, unemployment, and education level with property and fraud with dynamic panel methodology and revealed that variables have different effects on different economic crimes.

References

  • Achim Monica, V. & Borlea Sorin, N. (2020). Economic and Political Determinants of Economic and Financial Crime. Economic and Financial Crime: Corruption, Shadow Economy, and Money Laundering (73-176).
  • Achim Monica, V., Văidean Viorela, L., Borlea Sorin, N. & Decebal, R. F. (2021). The Impact of the Development of Society on Economic and Financial Crime: Case Study for European Union Member States. Risks, 9(5), 97.
  • Akdeniz, S. & Öcal, F. M. (2011). Ekonomik Suçlar ve Kriz. İ. Şiriner, F. Morady, J. Mika, M. Aydın, Ş. A. Koç, H. Kapucu & E. Doğan (Ed.), Political Economy, Crisis and Development (Politik İktisat, Kriz ve Kalkınma) (135-152).
  • Aksu, H. & Akkuş, Y. (2010). Türkiye'de Mala Karşı Suçların Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı (1970-2007). Sosyoekonomi, 11(11).
  • Altindag, D. T. (2012). Crime and Unemployment: Evidence from Europe. International Review of Law and Economics, 32(1), 145-157.
  • Amza, T. (2002). Criminologie, Tratat de Teorie şi Politica Criminologica (Criminology, Treatise on Criminological Theory and Policy). Bucharest: Lumina Lex Publishing House.
  • Andresen, M. A. (2012). Unemployment and Crime: A Neighborhood Level Panel Data Approach. Social Science Research, 41(6), 1615-1628.
  • Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Ayhan, F. & Bursa, N. (2019). Unemployment and Crime Nexus in European Union Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(34), 465-484.
  • Baharom, A. H. & Habibullah, M. S. (2009). Crime and Income Inequality: The Case of Malaysia. Journal of Politics and Law., 2, 55.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Forecasting with Panel Data. Journal of Forecasting, 27(2), 153-173.
  • Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.
  • Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (1998). Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115-143.
  • Brosnan, S. (2018). The Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime in Ireland from 2003-2012. The Economic and Social Review, 49(2, Summer), 127-143.
  • Buonanno, P. (2003). The Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime. A Review of the Literature. Working Paper Dipartimento Di Economia Politica, Università Di Milano Bicocca, 63.
  • Buonanno, P. & Montolio, D. (2008). Identifying the Socio-Economic and Demographic Determinants of Crime Across Spanish Provinces. International Review of Law and Economics, 28(2), 89-97.
  • Choe, J. (2008). Income Inequality and Crime in the United States. Economics Letters, 101(1), 31-33.
  • Cinar, M. & Tas, C. (2022). Türkiye'de Bölgesel İşsizlik ve Suç Türleri İlişkisi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı. Business & Economics Research Journal, 13(2).
  • Cömertler, N. & Kar, M. (2007). Türkiye'de Suç Oranının Sosyo-Ekonomik Belirleyicileri: Yatay Kesit Analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 62(02), 37-57.
  • Durusoy, S., Köse, S. & Karadeniz, O. (2008). Başlıca Sosyo-Ekonomik Sorunlar Suçun Belirleyicisi Olabilir mi? Türkiye'de İller Arası Bir Analiz. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (Elektronik).
  • Durusu-Çiftçi, D. & Kargın Akkoç, G. (2019). Convergence of Crime in Turkey: Time Series Analysis with Accounting Structural Breaks. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar Dergisi.
  • Edmark, K. (2005). Unemployment and Crime: Is There a Connection?. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(2), 353-373.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1973). Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 521-565.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1996). Crime, Punishment, and the Market for Offenses. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1), 43-67.
  • Er Yigit, E. (2019). Socio-Economic Determinants of Property Crime in Turkey. Doctoral Dissertation, Marmara University, Turkey.
  • Eren, M. & Özkılbaç, S. (2020). Türkiye’de Genç İşsizliği ile Suç Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki: Düzey 1 Bölgeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 9(17), 13-20.
  • Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D. & Loayza, N. (2002). What Causes Violent Crime?. European Economic Review, 46(7), 1323-1357.
  • Filiztekin, A. (2013). Türkiye'de Suç ve Emek Piyasası İlişkisi. Literatür Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Freeman, R. B. (1999). The Economics of Crime. Handbook of Labor Economics, 3, 3529-3571.
  • Glaeser, E. L., Sacerdote, B. & Scheinkman, J. A. (1996). Crime and Social Interactions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2), 507-548.
  • Gottschalk, P. (2010). Categories of Financial Crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(4), 441-458.
  • Gould, E. D., Weinberg, B. A. & Mustard, D. B. (2002). Crime Rates and Local Labor Market Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
  • Groot, W. & Van Den Brink, H. M. (2010). The Effects of Education on Crime. Applied Economics, 42(3), 279-289.
  • Gültekin, H. & Oğuzhan, A. (2021). Socioeconomic Factors' Effect on Crime: Spatial Panel Data Analysis of Level-2 Regions. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (31), 293-310.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2012). Temporal Causality and the Dynamics of Crime in Turkey. International Journal of Social Economics, 39(9), 704-720.
  • Hazra, D. (2020). What Does (And Does Not) Affect Crime in India?. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(4), 503-521.
  • Hjalmarsson, R. & Lochner, L. (2012). The Impact of Education on Crime: International Evidence. Cesifo DICE Report, 10(2), 49-55.
  • Imrohoroglu, A., Merlo, A. & Rupert, P. (2006). Understanding the Determinants of Crime. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 270-284.
  • Jawadi, F., Mallick, S. K., Cheffou, A. I. & Augustine, A. (2021). Does Higher Unemployment Lead to Greater Criminality? Revisiting the Debate Over the Business Cycle. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 182, 448-471.
  • Kaya, A. & Tabak, O. (2023). The Effects of Socio-Economic Factors on Property Crimes against Wealth: System GMM Analysis in Turkey's Level-2 Regions. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 38(1), 35-53.
  • Khan, N., Ahmed, J., Nawaz, M. & Zaman, K. (2015). The Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Pakistan: New Evidence on an Old Debate. Arab Economic and Business Journal, 10(2), 73-81.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F. & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24.
  • Lochner, L. (2004). Education, Work, and Crime: A Human Capital Approach. International Economic Review, 45(3), 811-843.
  • Lochner, L. & Moretti, E. (2004). The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-Reports. American Economic Review, 94(1), 155-189.
  • Malby, St., Davis, P., Wever, W., Broek, E., Rizzi, R. & Pysden, C. (2012). Monitoring the Impact of Economic Crisis on Crime. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
  • Melick, M. D. (2003). The Relationship Between Crime and Unemployment. The Park Place Economist, 11(1), 30-36.
  • Neumayer, E. (2005). Inequality and Violent Crime: Evidence from Data on Robbery and Violent Theft. Journal of Peace Research, 42(1), 101-112.
  • Odabaşı, S. (2022). Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Turkey: A Panel Data Analysis. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(3), 586-606.
  • Roodman, D. (2006). How to Do Xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata. Center for Global Development Working Paper, No.103.
  • Saridakis, G. & Spengler, H. (2012). Crime, Deterrence and Unemployment in Greece: A Panel Data Approach. The Social Science Journal, 49(2), 167-174.
  • Sugiharti, L., Purwono, R., Esquivias, M. A. & Rohmawati, H. (2023). The Nexus Between Crime Rates, Poverty, and Income Inequality: A Case Study of Indonesia. Economies, 11(2), 62.
  • Sutherland, E. H. (1945). Is "White Collar Crime" Crime?. American Sociological Review, 10(2), 132-139.
  • Tunca, H. (2018). Do Crimes Against Property Converge?. Aydın İktisat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 18-29.
  • Tunca, H. (2019). Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime: A Panel Data Analysis. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(4), 2767-2784.
  • Tuzcu Ersin, B., Şirin, E. & Necipoğlu, C. (2022). Financial Crime in Turkey: Overview. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-0204991?transitiontype=default&contextdata=(sc.default)&firstpage=true
  • Wassie, N., Melese, B. & Eyasu, N. (2023). Socioeconomic Determinants of Property Crime Offending in Ethiopia: Convicted Offenders in Focus. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(2), 494-511.
  • Yıldız, Ü., Kabakçı Günay, E., Günsoy, G. & Günsoy, B. (2022). Socioeconomic Determinants of Economic Crimes in Turkey: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 20(3), 253-275.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Panel Data Analysis, Development Economics - Macro, Criminal Economy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gamze Kargın Akkoç 0000-0002-8436-0462

Dilek Durusu Çiftçi 0000-0003-1911-4801

Publication Date October 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Kargın Akkoç, G., & Durusu Çiftçi, D. (2023). The Dynamics and Determinants of Economic Crimes in Turkiye. Fiscaoeconomia, 7(Özel Sayı), 751-771. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1345839

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