Une évaluation des nouveaux médias dans le processus d'amplification de la voix de l'activisme féministe : Opportunités et obstacles basés sur les opinions d'experts
Abstract
Les pratiques activistes visant à informer les femmes, commençant par des listes de diffusion via e-mail, sites web et forums, ont gagné en élan et se sont diversifiées avec l'émergence des plateformes de médias sociaux qui permettent à chaque utilisateur de produire son propre discours. Cependant, dans les nouveaux environnements des médias celles-ci font face à des différences/divisions en termes d'accès et de compétences d'utilisation, ainsi qu'à des menaces découlant des utilisateurs et des mécanismes de plateformes. À cet égard, il est important de déterminer les opportunités et obstacles que les nouveaux médias présentent pour le féminisme activiste afin de comprendre comment les militantes féministes peuvent faire entendre leur voix plus fort. Cette étude, menée dans cet objectif, vise à définir l'état actuel de l'activisme féministe numérique en Turquie, à identifier les opportunités et obstacles offerts par les nouveaux médias pour le féminisme activiste, et à élaborer une feuille de route sur la façon de réduire les obstacles et d'accroître les opportunités. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés avec 26 participants experts. Les résultats de la recherche ont révélé que l'environnement numérique, malgré ses divers obstacles dus à ses caractéristiques structurelles et à son contenu généré par les utilisateurs, permet également de participer à un large éventail de pratiques féministes.
Keywords
Nouveaux médias activisme féministe activisme féministe numérique féminisme de la quatrième vague
References
- Aksu, O, (2017). Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler Bağlamında Dijital Aktivizm: Dijital Feminizm Örneği. Doktora Tezi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Baer, H. (2016). Redoing feminism: Digital activism, body politics, and neoliberalism. Feminist Media Studies, 16(1), 17-34.
- Barker-Plummer, B., & - Plummer, D. B., (2016). #YesAllWomen, Digital Feminisms, and New Dynamics of Social Change, International Communication Association, Fukuoka.
- Bouvier, G. (2022). From ‘echo chambers’ to ‘chaos chambers’: Discursive coherence and contradiction in the# MeToo Twitter feed. Critical Discourse Studies, 19(2), 179-195.
- Candemir, D.M. (2020). Türkiye’de feminist hareketler ve dijital aktivizm. İçinde Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce Tarihi: Feminizm. (Ed. F. Saygılıgil & N. Berber). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
- Cheng, J., Bernstein, M., Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C. & Leskovec, J. (2017). Anyone can beacome a troll: Causes of trolling behavior in online discussions. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing - CSCW ’17. s.1217-1230.
- Cochrane, K. (2006). The third wave- at a computer near you. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/mar/31/gender.uk adresinden alındı.
- Crossley, A.D. (2015). Facebook feminism: Social media, blogs, and new technologies of contemporary U.S. feminism. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 2(20), 253-268.
- Dalaman, Z.B. (2020). Türkiye ve Tunus’ta Feminist Alternatif Medya ve Kadın Hareketi. İstanbul: Milenyum Yayınları.
- Dumitrica, D. & Felt, M. (2020). Mediated grassroots collective action: Negotiating barriers of digital activism. Information, Communication & Society, 23(13), 1821-1837.
- Edwards, L., Philip, F. & Gerrard, Y. (2019). Communicating feminist politics? The double-edged sword of using social media in a feminist organization. Feminist Media Studies, 1-18.
- EverydaySexismProject. (tarih yok). https://everydaysexism.com/ adresinden alındı.
- Fotopoulou, A. (2016). Digital and network by default? Women’s organisations and the social imaginary of networked feminism. İçinde Feminist Activism and Digital Networks: Between Empowerment and Vulnerability. (Ed. A. Fotopoulou), London: Springer Nature.
- Gül-Ünlü, D. & Kesgin, Y. (2021). Tavşan deliği ve siyasal radikalleşme: YouTube kullanıcı önerileri üzerinden bir değerlendirme. İçinde Gelenekselden Dijitale Siyasal İletişim Çalışmaları. (Ed. Aslı Aydemir), Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi, s.67-78.
- Jackson, S. (2018). Young feminists, feminism and digital media. Feminism & Psychology, 28(1), 32-49.
- Jane, E.A. (2012). “Your a ugly , whorish, slut” Understanding E-bile. Feminist Media Studies, 14(4), 531-546.
- Jouët, J. (2018). Digital feminism: Questioning the renewal of activism. Journal of Research in Gender Studies, 8(1), 133-157.
- Keller, J. (2016). Making activism accesible exploring girls’ blogs as sites of contemporary feminist activism. İçinde Girlhood and the Politics of Place (C. Mitchell, & C. Rentschler), New York: Berghahn Books, s.262-278.
- Keller, J., Mendes, K. & Ringrose, J. (2016). Speaking unspeakeble things: Documenting digital feminist responses to rape culture. Journal of Gender Studies, 27(1), 22-36.
- Linabary, J.R., Corple, D.J. & Cooky, C. (2020). Feminist activism in digital space: Postfeminist contradictions in #WhyIStayed. New Media & Society, 22(10): 1827-1848.
- Megarry, J. (2020). The Limitations of Social Media Feminism No Space of Our Own. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Mendes, K., Ringrose, J. & Keller, J. (2019). Digital Feminist Activism: Girls and Women Fight Back Against Rape Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mendes, K., Ringrose, J., & Keller, J. (2018). #MeToo and the promise and pitfalls of challenging rape culture through digital feminist activism. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 25(2), 236–246.
- Mercimek, B., Yaman, N.D., Kelek, A. & Odabaşı, H.F. (2016). Dijital dünyanın yeni gerçeği: Troller. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 66-77.
- Munro, E, (2013). Feminism: A fourth wave?. Political Insight, 4(2), 22–25.
- Şen, A. F., & Kök, H. (2017). Sosyal medya ve feminist aktivizm: Türkiye’deki feminist grupların aktivizm biçimleri. Atatürk İletişim Dergisi, 73- 86.
- Şener, G. (2021). Algoritmalara karşı aktivist taktikler. İçinde Algoritmaların Gölgesinde Toplum ve İletişim. (Ed. Oğuz Kuş). Ankara: Alternatif Bilişim. s.81-97.
- Valenti, J. (2009). Questions for Jessica Vaalenti: Fourth-Wave Feminism. https://nyti.ms/3yJTG6T.
- We are social, (2020). Digital 2020: 3.8 Billion People Use Social Media. shorturl.at/EGNV5.
New Media within the Process of Making the Voice of Feminist Activism Heard: An Examination through Expert Sentiments on Opportunities and Barriers
Abstract
Activist practices, which started with e-mail lists, websites and forums published to inform women, gained momentum and diversified with the emergence of social media platforms that enable each user to produce their own discourse. However, activist practices carried out through new media environments are also faced with differences/divisions in terms of access and usage skills, and threats originating from user and platform mechanism. In this respect, identifying the opportunities and barriers offered by the new media to feminist activism is very important for understanding how feminist activists can make their voices heard more loudly. Based on expert sentiments, this study aims to define the current situation of digital feminist activism in Turkey, to identify the opportunities and barriers offered by the new media for feminist activism, and to draw a roadmap on how the barriers can be reduced and opportunities can be increased. For this purpose, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 26 participants who are experts in digital feminist activism. As a result of the research, it has been determined that although the digital environment has various obstacles due to its structural features and user-generated content, it enables participation in a wide range of feminist practices.
References
- Aksu, O, (2017). Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler Bağlamında Dijital Aktivizm: Dijital Feminizm Örneği. Doktora Tezi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Baer, H. (2016). Redoing feminism: Digital activism, body politics, and neoliberalism. Feminist Media Studies, 16(1), 17-34.
- Barker-Plummer, B., & - Plummer, D. B., (2016). #YesAllWomen, Digital Feminisms, and New Dynamics of Social Change, International Communication Association, Fukuoka.
- Bouvier, G. (2022). From ‘echo chambers’ to ‘chaos chambers’: Discursive coherence and contradiction in the# MeToo Twitter feed. Critical Discourse Studies, 19(2), 179-195.
- Candemir, D.M. (2020). Türkiye’de feminist hareketler ve dijital aktivizm. İçinde Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce Tarihi: Feminizm. (Ed. F. Saygılıgil & N. Berber). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
- Cheng, J., Bernstein, M., Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C. & Leskovec, J. (2017). Anyone can beacome a troll: Causes of trolling behavior in online discussions. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing - CSCW ’17. s.1217-1230.
- Cochrane, K. (2006). The third wave- at a computer near you. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/mar/31/gender.uk adresinden alındı.
- Crossley, A.D. (2015). Facebook feminism: Social media, blogs, and new technologies of contemporary U.S. feminism. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 2(20), 253-268.
- Dalaman, Z.B. (2020). Türkiye ve Tunus’ta Feminist Alternatif Medya ve Kadın Hareketi. İstanbul: Milenyum Yayınları.
- Dumitrica, D. & Felt, M. (2020). Mediated grassroots collective action: Negotiating barriers of digital activism. Information, Communication & Society, 23(13), 1821-1837.
- Edwards, L., Philip, F. & Gerrard, Y. (2019). Communicating feminist politics? The double-edged sword of using social media in a feminist organization. Feminist Media Studies, 1-18.
- EverydaySexismProject. (tarih yok). https://everydaysexism.com/ adresinden alındı.
- Fotopoulou, A. (2016). Digital and network by default? Women’s organisations and the social imaginary of networked feminism. İçinde Feminist Activism and Digital Networks: Between Empowerment and Vulnerability. (Ed. A. Fotopoulou), London: Springer Nature.
- Gül-Ünlü, D. & Kesgin, Y. (2021). Tavşan deliği ve siyasal radikalleşme: YouTube kullanıcı önerileri üzerinden bir değerlendirme. İçinde Gelenekselden Dijitale Siyasal İletişim Çalışmaları. (Ed. Aslı Aydemir), Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi, s.67-78.
- Jackson, S. (2018). Young feminists, feminism and digital media. Feminism & Psychology, 28(1), 32-49.
- Jane, E.A. (2012). “Your a ugly , whorish, slut” Understanding E-bile. Feminist Media Studies, 14(4), 531-546.
- Jouët, J. (2018). Digital feminism: Questioning the renewal of activism. Journal of Research in Gender Studies, 8(1), 133-157.
- Keller, J. (2016). Making activism accesible exploring girls’ blogs as sites of contemporary feminist activism. İçinde Girlhood and the Politics of Place (C. Mitchell, & C. Rentschler), New York: Berghahn Books, s.262-278.
- Keller, J., Mendes, K. & Ringrose, J. (2016). Speaking unspeakeble things: Documenting digital feminist responses to rape culture. Journal of Gender Studies, 27(1), 22-36.
- Linabary, J.R., Corple, D.J. & Cooky, C. (2020). Feminist activism in digital space: Postfeminist contradictions in #WhyIStayed. New Media & Society, 22(10): 1827-1848.
- Megarry, J. (2020). The Limitations of Social Media Feminism No Space of Our Own. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Mendes, K., Ringrose, J. & Keller, J. (2019). Digital Feminist Activism: Girls and Women Fight Back Against Rape Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mendes, K., Ringrose, J., & Keller, J. (2018). #MeToo and the promise and pitfalls of challenging rape culture through digital feminist activism. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 25(2), 236–246.
- Mercimek, B., Yaman, N.D., Kelek, A. & Odabaşı, H.F. (2016). Dijital dünyanın yeni gerçeği: Troller. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 66-77.
- Munro, E, (2013). Feminism: A fourth wave?. Political Insight, 4(2), 22–25.
- Şen, A. F., & Kök, H. (2017). Sosyal medya ve feminist aktivizm: Türkiye’deki feminist grupların aktivizm biçimleri. Atatürk İletişim Dergisi, 73- 86.
- Şener, G. (2021). Algoritmalara karşı aktivist taktikler. İçinde Algoritmaların Gölgesinde Toplum ve İletişim. (Ed. Oğuz Kuş). Ankara: Alternatif Bilişim. s.81-97.
- Valenti, J. (2009). Questions for Jessica Vaalenti: Fourth-Wave Feminism. https://nyti.ms/3yJTG6T.
- We are social, (2020). Digital 2020: 3.8 Billion People Use Social Media. shorturl.at/EGNV5.
Feminist Aktivizmin Sesinin Duyurulması Sürecinde Yeni Medya: Olanaklar ve Engellere Dair Uzman Görüşleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Abstract
Kadınları bilgilendirmek amacıyla yayınlanan e-posta listeleri, web siteleri ve forumlarla başlayan aktivist pratikler, her kullanıcının kendi söylemini üretmesini mümkün kılan sosyal medya platformlarının ortaya çıkışıyla hız kazanmış ve çeşitlenmiştir. Ancak yeni medya ortamları üzerinden sürdürülen aktivist pratikler, erişim ve kullanım becerileri bakımından farkları/bölünmeler, kullanıcı ve platform mekanizması kaynaklı tehditlerle de karşı karşıyadır. Bu bakımdan, yeni medyanın feminist aktivizme sunduğu olanakları ve engelleri belirlemek, feminist aktivistlerin seslerini nasıl daha gür bir şekilde duyurabileceklerinin anlaşılması için oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu odak noktasından hareketle gerçekleştirilen çalışma, uzman görüşlerinden yola çıkılarak, Türkiye’deki dijital feminist aktivizmin mevcut durumunun tanımlanıp, yeni medyanın feminist aktivizm için sunduğu olanak ve engellerin tespit edilmesi ve engellerin nasıl azaltılabileceği, olanakların ise nasıl arttırılabileceğine dair bir yol haritasının çizilmesi amacını taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, dijital feminist aktivizm konusunda uzman olan 26 katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış yüz yüze görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, dijital ortamın yapısal özellikler ve kullanıcı kaynaklı içerik nedeniyle çeşitli engeller barındırmakla birlikte, geniş bir yelpazede feminist pratiklere katılımı olanaklı kıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Aksu, O, (2017). Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler Bağlamında Dijital Aktivizm: Dijital Feminizm Örneği. Doktora Tezi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Baer, H. (2016). Redoing feminism: Digital activism, body politics, and neoliberalism. Feminist Media Studies, 16(1), 17-34.
- Barker-Plummer, B., & - Plummer, D. B., (2016). #YesAllWomen, Digital Feminisms, and New Dynamics of Social Change, International Communication Association, Fukuoka.
- Bouvier, G. (2022). From ‘echo chambers’ to ‘chaos chambers’: Discursive coherence and contradiction in the# MeToo Twitter feed. Critical Discourse Studies, 19(2), 179-195.
- Candemir, D.M. (2020). Türkiye’de feminist hareketler ve dijital aktivizm. İçinde Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce Tarihi: Feminizm. (Ed. F. Saygılıgil & N. Berber). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
- Cheng, J., Bernstein, M., Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C. & Leskovec, J. (2017). Anyone can beacome a troll: Causes of trolling behavior in online discussions. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing - CSCW ’17. s.1217-1230.
- Cochrane, K. (2006). The third wave- at a computer near you. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/mar/31/gender.uk adresinden alındı.
- Crossley, A.D. (2015). Facebook feminism: Social media, blogs, and new technologies of contemporary U.S. feminism. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 2(20), 253-268.
- Dalaman, Z.B. (2020). Türkiye ve Tunus’ta Feminist Alternatif Medya ve Kadın Hareketi. İstanbul: Milenyum Yayınları.
- Dumitrica, D. & Felt, M. (2020). Mediated grassroots collective action: Negotiating barriers of digital activism. Information, Communication & Society, 23(13), 1821-1837.
- Edwards, L., Philip, F. & Gerrard, Y. (2019). Communicating feminist politics? The double-edged sword of using social media in a feminist organization. Feminist Media Studies, 1-18.
- EverydaySexismProject. (tarih yok). https://everydaysexism.com/ adresinden alındı.
- Fotopoulou, A. (2016). Digital and network by default? Women’s organisations and the social imaginary of networked feminism. İçinde Feminist Activism and Digital Networks: Between Empowerment and Vulnerability. (Ed. A. Fotopoulou), London: Springer Nature.
- Gül-Ünlü, D. & Kesgin, Y. (2021). Tavşan deliği ve siyasal radikalleşme: YouTube kullanıcı önerileri üzerinden bir değerlendirme. İçinde Gelenekselden Dijitale Siyasal İletişim Çalışmaları. (Ed. Aslı Aydemir), Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi, s.67-78.
- Jackson, S. (2018). Young feminists, feminism and digital media. Feminism & Psychology, 28(1), 32-49.
- Jane, E.A. (2012). “Your a ugly , whorish, slut” Understanding E-bile. Feminist Media Studies, 14(4), 531-546.
- Jouët, J. (2018). Digital feminism: Questioning the renewal of activism. Journal of Research in Gender Studies, 8(1), 133-157.
- Keller, J. (2016). Making activism accesible exploring girls’ blogs as sites of contemporary feminist activism. İçinde Girlhood and the Politics of Place (C. Mitchell, & C. Rentschler), New York: Berghahn Books, s.262-278.
- Keller, J., Mendes, K. & Ringrose, J. (2016). Speaking unspeakeble things: Documenting digital feminist responses to rape culture. Journal of Gender Studies, 27(1), 22-36.
- Linabary, J.R., Corple, D.J. & Cooky, C. (2020). Feminist activism in digital space: Postfeminist contradictions in #WhyIStayed. New Media & Society, 22(10): 1827-1848.
- Megarry, J. (2020). The Limitations of Social Media Feminism No Space of Our Own. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Mendes, K., Ringrose, J. & Keller, J. (2019). Digital Feminist Activism: Girls and Women Fight Back Against Rape Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mendes, K., Ringrose, J., & Keller, J. (2018). #MeToo and the promise and pitfalls of challenging rape culture through digital feminist activism. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 25(2), 236–246.
- Mercimek, B., Yaman, N.D., Kelek, A. & Odabaşı, H.F. (2016). Dijital dünyanın yeni gerçeği: Troller. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 66-77.
- Munro, E, (2013). Feminism: A fourth wave?. Political Insight, 4(2), 22–25.
- Şen, A. F., & Kök, H. (2017). Sosyal medya ve feminist aktivizm: Türkiye’deki feminist grupların aktivizm biçimleri. Atatürk İletişim Dergisi, 73- 86.
- Şener, G. (2021). Algoritmalara karşı aktivist taktikler. İçinde Algoritmaların Gölgesinde Toplum ve İletişim. (Ed. Oğuz Kuş). Ankara: Alternatif Bilişim. s.81-97.
- Valenti, J. (2009). Questions for Jessica Vaalenti: Fourth-Wave Feminism. https://nyti.ms/3yJTG6T.
- We are social, (2020). Digital 2020: 3.8 Billion People Use Social Media. shorturl.at/EGNV5.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | New Media |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 22, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | May 31, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Issue: 38 |
