Review
BibTex RIS Cite

COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma ve Emzirme

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 993 - 999, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.870322

Abstract

Çin’de başlayarak kısa sürede tüm dünyada etkisini gösteren COVID-19 etkeni her yaş dönemini olumsuz bir şekilde etkilemiştir. Bu süreçte COVID-19 pandemisi sebebiyle alınan tedbirler kapsamında uygulanan sosyal mesafe önlemleri özellikle yenidoğanlar ve anneleri için güvenli maternal bağlanma ve emzirme açısından güçlüklere neden olmaktadır. Maternal bağlanma ve emzirme yenidoğan döneminde olumlu etkilerinin başladığı ve uzun vadede yetişkinlik döneminde de bu etkilerin devam ettiği çok önemli uygulamalardır. Erken dönemde başlatılan anne-bebek etkileşimi ile emzirme süreci de olumlu bir şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Fakat pandemi sürecinden kaynaklı hem maternal bağlanma hem de emzirme sürecinde aksaklıklar yaşanmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuklara Yardım Fonu, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Hastalık Önleme ve Kontrol Merkezi gibi uluslararası sağlık kuruluşları COVID-19 sürecinde emzirmenin kesintiye uğramamasını ve anne ile bebeğin bu süreçte birbirinden ayrılmaması gerektiğini belirtmektedir. Bu süreçte sağlık personellerinin güncel bilgilere doğru kaynaktan ulaşarak güvenli maternal bağlanmayı ve emzirmeyi sürdürmeleri önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde yenidoğanlarda güvenli maternal bağlanma ve emzirme ilkeleri güncel kılavuzlar doğrultusunda incelenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen bir kurum yoktur.

References

  • Yang, N, Che, S, Zhang, J, Wang, X, Tang, Y, Wang, J. et al. (2020). “Breastfeeding of Infants Born To Mothers with COVID-19: A Rapid Review”. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8 (10), 618.
  • Ma, X, Zhu, J. and Du, L. (2020). “Neonatal Management During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: The Chinese Experience”. NeoReviews, 21 (5), e293–e297.
  • Panahi, L, Amiri, M. and Pouy, S. (2020). “Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection in Newborns and Pediatrics: A Systematic Review”. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8 (1), e50.
  • Tscherning, C, Sizun, J. and Kuhn, P. (2020). “Promoting Attachment between Parents and Neonates Despite the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Acta Paediatrica, 109 (10), 1937-1943.
  • TJOD İstanbul Bülteni. (2020). “COVID-19 özel sayısı”. Erişim adresi: index (tjodistanbul.org) (Erişim Tarihi: 02 Aralık 2020).
  • Nacar, E.H. ve Gökkaya, F. (2019). “Bağlanma ve Maternal Bağlanma Konusunda Bir Derleme”. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 1 (1), 50-56.
  • Meredith, P.J, Strong, J. and Feeney, J.A. (2007). “Adult Attachment Variables Predict Depression before and after Treatment for Chronic Pain”. European Journal of Pain, 11 (2), 164–170.
  • Peters, K.L, Rosychuk, R.J, Hendson, L, Coté, J.J, Mc Pherson, C. and Tyebkhan, J.M. (2009). “Improvement of Short-and Long-Term Outcomes for Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Edmonton NIDCAP Trial”. Pediatrics, 124 (4), 1009-20.
  • Charpak, N, Tessier, R, Ruiz, J.G, Hernandez, J.T, Uriza, F, Villegas, J. et al. (2017). “Twenty-year Follow-Up of Kangaroo Mother Care Versus Traditional Care”. Pediatrics, 139 (1), e20162063.
  • Jaafar, S.H, Ho, J.J. and Lee, KS. (2016). “Rooming-in for New Mother and Infant Versus Separate Care for Increasing The Duration of Breastfeeding”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 26 (8), CD006641.
  • Blair, P.S. and Ball, H.L. (2004). “The Prevalence and Characteristics Associated with Parent-Infant Bed-Sharing in England”. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89 (12), 1106–1110.
  • Çınar, N, Sözeri, C, Dede, C. ve Cevahir, R. (2010). “Anne ve Bebeğin Aynı Odada Uyumasının Emzirmeye Etkisi”. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 235-241.
  • Dong, Y, Mo, X, Hu, Y, Qi, X, Jiang, F, Jiang, Z. and Tong, S. (2020). “Epidemiology of COVID-19 among Children in China”. Pediatrics, 145 (6), e20200702.
  • Sinha, IP, Harwood, R, Semple, MG, Hawcutt, DB, Thursfield, R, Narayan, O. et al. (2020). “COVID-19 Infection in children”. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (5), 446-447.
  • Wold Health Organization. (2020). “Infant Mortality Rate (Deaths per 1000 Live Births)”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/infant-mortality-rate-(deaths-per-1000-live-births). (Erişim tarihi: 03 Aralık 2020).
  • Ludvigsson, J.F. (2020). “Systematic review of COVID‐19 in Children Shows Milder Cases and A Better Prognosis Than Adults”. Acta Paediatrica, 109 (6), 1088-1095.
  • Tezer, H. and Demi̇rdağ, T. (2020). “Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Children”. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50, 592-603.
  • Chen, H, Guo, J, Wang, C, Luo, F, Yu, X, Zhang, W. et al. (2020). “Clinical Characteristics and Intrauterine Vertical Transmission Potential of COVID-19 Infection İn Nine Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Review of Medical Records”. Lancet, 395 (10226), 809-15.
  • Ard, N.C. (2000). “Prenatal and Postnatal Attachment in Adolescent Mother”. Journal of Child and Family Nursing, 3 (5), 313-325.
  • Fraley, R.C. and Shaver, PR. (2000). “Adult Romantic Attachment: Theoretical Developments, Emerging, Controversies and Unanswered Questions”. Review of General Psychology, 4 (2), 132-154.
  • Moore, E.R, Anderson, G.C. and Bergman, N. (2007). “Early Skin-To-Skin Contact for Mothers and Their Healthy Newborn Infants”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD003519.
  • Stuebe A. (2020). “Should Infants Be Separated from Mothers with COVID-19? First, Do No Harm”. Breastfeeding Medicine, 15 (5), 351-352.
  • Vincenzo, B. and Hughes, B. (2020). “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pregnancy issues”. Erişim adresi: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pregnancy-issues-and-antenatal-care. (Erişim tarihi: 09 Aralık 2020).
  • López-Maestro, M, Sierra-Garcia, P, Diaz-Gonzalez, C, Torres-Valdivieso, M.J, Lora-Pablos, D, Ares-Segura, S. et al. (2017). “Quality of Attachment in Infants less than 1500g or less than 32 Weeks. Related Factors”. Early Human Development, 104 (2017), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.11.003
  • Wold Health Organization. (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019?gclid=EAIaIQob ChMIw77zqoys6QIVA7DtCh0icga6EAAYASAAEgIGCfD_BwE (Erişim tarihi: 09 Aralık 2020).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Breastfeeding”. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/maternal-or-infant-illnesses/covid-19-and-breastfeeding.html (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • World Health Organization. (2004). “Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children During Emergencies”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/emer gencies/9241546069/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • WHO and United Nations Children’s Fund. (2003). “Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9241562218/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 11 Aralık 2020).
  • Yurtdaş, G, Çalık, G, Yalçın, T. ve Kaner, G. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Anne Sütü ile Beslenmenin Önemi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 153-158.
  • El-Gilany, AH. (2020). “COVID-19 and Breastfeeding”. Asp Biomed Clin Case Rep, 3 (2), 102-105.
  • Salvatore, C.M, Han, J.Y, Acker, K.P, Tiwari, P, Jin, J, Brandler, M, Cangemi, C, Gordon, L, Parow, A, DiPace, J. and DeLaMora, P. (2020). “Neonatal Management and Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: an Observation Cohort Study”. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4 (10), 721-727.
  • Li, F, Feng, Z.C. and Shi, Y. (2020). “Proposal for Prevention and Control of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in Newborn Infants”. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 105 (6), 683–684.
  • Fernández-Carrasco, FJ, Vázquez-Lara, J.M, González-Mey, U, Gómez-Salgado, J, Parrón-Carreño, T. and Rodríguez-Díaz, L. (2020). “Coronavirus Covid-19 Infection and Breastfeeding: An Exploratory Review”. Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, 94, e202005055.
  • Davanzo, R, Moro, G, Sandri, F, Agosti, M, Moretti, C. and Mosca, F. (2020). “Breastfeeding and Coronavirus Disease-2019: Ad Interim Indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology Endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies”. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16 (3), e13010.
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. (2020). “ABM Statement on Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)”. Erişim adresi: https://www.bfmed.org/abm-statement-coronavirus (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): What Parents Should Know”. Erişim adresi: https://www.unicef.org/stories/ novel-coronavirus-outbreak-what-parents-should-know (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • World Health Organization. (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Pregnancy and Childbirth”. https://www.who.int/ news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pregnancy-and-childbirth (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2021). “COVID-19 Çocuk Hasta Yönetimi ve Tedavi”. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.saglik.gov. tr/TR-66342/cocuk-hasta-yonetimi-ve-tedavi.html (Erişim tarihi: 30 Haziran 2021).
  • Yıldızhan, E. (2017). “Bağlanma Teorisi ve Bağlanma Bozukluklarına Genel Bir Bakış”. Anatol Clin, 22, 66-72.
  • Köse, D, Çınar, N. ve Altınkaynak, S. (2013). “Yenidoğanın Anne ve Baba ile Bağlanma Süreci”. Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Dergisi, 22 (6), 239-45.

Safe Maternal Attachment and Breastfeeding in Newborns during the COVID-19 Pandemic Process

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 993 - 999, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.870322

Abstract

The COVID-19 factor, which started in China and showed its effect all over the world in a short time, has negatively affected every age period. In this process, social distance measures implemented within the scope of the measures taken due to the COVID-19 pandemic cause difficulties in terms of secure maternal attachment and breastfeeding, especially for newborns and their mothers. Maternal attachment and breastfeeding are very important practices that have positive effects in the neonatal period and continue in adulthood in the long term. With the mother-infant interaction initiated in the early period, the breastfeeding process also takes place in a positive way. However, due to the pandemic process, there are disruptions in both maternal attachment and breastfeeding processes. International health organizations such as the World Health Organization, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that breastfeeding should not be interrupted during the COVID-19 process and that the mother and baby should not be separated during this process. In this process, it is recommended that healthcare personnel maintain secure maternal attachment and breastfeeding by accessing up-to-date information from the right source. In this review, the principles of secure maternal attachment and breastfeeding in newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic were examined in line with current guidelines.

References

  • Yang, N, Che, S, Zhang, J, Wang, X, Tang, Y, Wang, J. et al. (2020). “Breastfeeding of Infants Born To Mothers with COVID-19: A Rapid Review”. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8 (10), 618.
  • Ma, X, Zhu, J. and Du, L. (2020). “Neonatal Management During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: The Chinese Experience”. NeoReviews, 21 (5), e293–e297.
  • Panahi, L, Amiri, M. and Pouy, S. (2020). “Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection in Newborns and Pediatrics: A Systematic Review”. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8 (1), e50.
  • Tscherning, C, Sizun, J. and Kuhn, P. (2020). “Promoting Attachment between Parents and Neonates Despite the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Acta Paediatrica, 109 (10), 1937-1943.
  • TJOD İstanbul Bülteni. (2020). “COVID-19 özel sayısı”. Erişim adresi: index (tjodistanbul.org) (Erişim Tarihi: 02 Aralık 2020).
  • Nacar, E.H. ve Gökkaya, F. (2019). “Bağlanma ve Maternal Bağlanma Konusunda Bir Derleme”. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 1 (1), 50-56.
  • Meredith, P.J, Strong, J. and Feeney, J.A. (2007). “Adult Attachment Variables Predict Depression before and after Treatment for Chronic Pain”. European Journal of Pain, 11 (2), 164–170.
  • Peters, K.L, Rosychuk, R.J, Hendson, L, Coté, J.J, Mc Pherson, C. and Tyebkhan, J.M. (2009). “Improvement of Short-and Long-Term Outcomes for Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Edmonton NIDCAP Trial”. Pediatrics, 124 (4), 1009-20.
  • Charpak, N, Tessier, R, Ruiz, J.G, Hernandez, J.T, Uriza, F, Villegas, J. et al. (2017). “Twenty-year Follow-Up of Kangaroo Mother Care Versus Traditional Care”. Pediatrics, 139 (1), e20162063.
  • Jaafar, S.H, Ho, J.J. and Lee, KS. (2016). “Rooming-in for New Mother and Infant Versus Separate Care for Increasing The Duration of Breastfeeding”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 26 (8), CD006641.
  • Blair, P.S. and Ball, H.L. (2004). “The Prevalence and Characteristics Associated with Parent-Infant Bed-Sharing in England”. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89 (12), 1106–1110.
  • Çınar, N, Sözeri, C, Dede, C. ve Cevahir, R. (2010). “Anne ve Bebeğin Aynı Odada Uyumasının Emzirmeye Etkisi”. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 235-241.
  • Dong, Y, Mo, X, Hu, Y, Qi, X, Jiang, F, Jiang, Z. and Tong, S. (2020). “Epidemiology of COVID-19 among Children in China”. Pediatrics, 145 (6), e20200702.
  • Sinha, IP, Harwood, R, Semple, MG, Hawcutt, DB, Thursfield, R, Narayan, O. et al. (2020). “COVID-19 Infection in children”. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (5), 446-447.
  • Wold Health Organization. (2020). “Infant Mortality Rate (Deaths per 1000 Live Births)”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/infant-mortality-rate-(deaths-per-1000-live-births). (Erişim tarihi: 03 Aralık 2020).
  • Ludvigsson, J.F. (2020). “Systematic review of COVID‐19 in Children Shows Milder Cases and A Better Prognosis Than Adults”. Acta Paediatrica, 109 (6), 1088-1095.
  • Tezer, H. and Demi̇rdağ, T. (2020). “Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Children”. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50, 592-603.
  • Chen, H, Guo, J, Wang, C, Luo, F, Yu, X, Zhang, W. et al. (2020). “Clinical Characteristics and Intrauterine Vertical Transmission Potential of COVID-19 Infection İn Nine Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Review of Medical Records”. Lancet, 395 (10226), 809-15.
  • Ard, N.C. (2000). “Prenatal and Postnatal Attachment in Adolescent Mother”. Journal of Child and Family Nursing, 3 (5), 313-325.
  • Fraley, R.C. and Shaver, PR. (2000). “Adult Romantic Attachment: Theoretical Developments, Emerging, Controversies and Unanswered Questions”. Review of General Psychology, 4 (2), 132-154.
  • Moore, E.R, Anderson, G.C. and Bergman, N. (2007). “Early Skin-To-Skin Contact for Mothers and Their Healthy Newborn Infants”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD003519.
  • Stuebe A. (2020). “Should Infants Be Separated from Mothers with COVID-19? First, Do No Harm”. Breastfeeding Medicine, 15 (5), 351-352.
  • Vincenzo, B. and Hughes, B. (2020). “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pregnancy issues”. Erişim adresi: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pregnancy-issues-and-antenatal-care. (Erişim tarihi: 09 Aralık 2020).
  • López-Maestro, M, Sierra-Garcia, P, Diaz-Gonzalez, C, Torres-Valdivieso, M.J, Lora-Pablos, D, Ares-Segura, S. et al. (2017). “Quality of Attachment in Infants less than 1500g or less than 32 Weeks. Related Factors”. Early Human Development, 104 (2017), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.11.003
  • Wold Health Organization. (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019?gclid=EAIaIQob ChMIw77zqoys6QIVA7DtCh0icga6EAAYASAAEgIGCfD_BwE (Erişim tarihi: 09 Aralık 2020).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Breastfeeding”. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/maternal-or-infant-illnesses/covid-19-and-breastfeeding.html (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • World Health Organization. (2004). “Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children During Emergencies”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/emer gencies/9241546069/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • WHO and United Nations Children’s Fund. (2003). “Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9241562218/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 11 Aralık 2020).
  • Yurtdaş, G, Çalık, G, Yalçın, T. ve Kaner, G. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Anne Sütü ile Beslenmenin Önemi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 153-158.
  • El-Gilany, AH. (2020). “COVID-19 and Breastfeeding”. Asp Biomed Clin Case Rep, 3 (2), 102-105.
  • Salvatore, C.M, Han, J.Y, Acker, K.P, Tiwari, P, Jin, J, Brandler, M, Cangemi, C, Gordon, L, Parow, A, DiPace, J. and DeLaMora, P. (2020). “Neonatal Management and Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: an Observation Cohort Study”. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4 (10), 721-727.
  • Li, F, Feng, Z.C. and Shi, Y. (2020). “Proposal for Prevention and Control of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in Newborn Infants”. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 105 (6), 683–684.
  • Fernández-Carrasco, FJ, Vázquez-Lara, J.M, González-Mey, U, Gómez-Salgado, J, Parrón-Carreño, T. and Rodríguez-Díaz, L. (2020). “Coronavirus Covid-19 Infection and Breastfeeding: An Exploratory Review”. Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, 94, e202005055.
  • Davanzo, R, Moro, G, Sandri, F, Agosti, M, Moretti, C. and Mosca, F. (2020). “Breastfeeding and Coronavirus Disease-2019: Ad Interim Indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology Endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies”. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16 (3), e13010.
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. (2020). “ABM Statement on Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)”. Erişim adresi: https://www.bfmed.org/abm-statement-coronavirus (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): What Parents Should Know”. Erişim adresi: https://www.unicef.org/stories/ novel-coronavirus-outbreak-what-parents-should-know (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • World Health Organization. (2020). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Pregnancy and Childbirth”. https://www.who.int/ news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pregnancy-and-childbirth (Erişim tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020).
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2021). “COVID-19 Çocuk Hasta Yönetimi ve Tedavi”. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.saglik.gov. tr/TR-66342/cocuk-hasta-yonetimi-ve-tedavi.html (Erişim tarihi: 30 Haziran 2021).
  • Yıldızhan, E. (2017). “Bağlanma Teorisi ve Bağlanma Bozukluklarına Genel Bir Bakış”. Anatol Clin, 22, 66-72.
  • Köse, D, Çınar, N. ve Altınkaynak, S. (2013). “Yenidoğanın Anne ve Baba ile Bağlanma Süreci”. Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Dergisi, 22 (6), 239-45.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Gamzegül Altay 0000-0002-4895-5338

Duygu Arıkan 0000-0001-9451-8799

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Altay, G., & Arıkan, D. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma ve Emzirme. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(4), 993-999. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.870322
AMA Altay G, Arıkan D. COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma ve Emzirme. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. December 2021;10(4):993-999. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.870322
Chicago Altay, Gamzegül, and Duygu Arıkan. “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma Ve Emzirme”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10, no. 4 (December 2021): 993-99. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.870322.
EndNote Altay G, Arıkan D (December 1, 2021) COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma ve Emzirme. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10 4 993–999.
IEEE G. Altay and D. Arıkan, “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma ve Emzirme”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 993–999, 2021, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.870322.
ISNAD Altay, Gamzegül - Arıkan, Duygu. “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma Ve Emzirme”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10/4 (December 2021), 993-999. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.870322.
JAMA Altay G, Arıkan D. COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma ve Emzirme. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;10:993–999.
MLA Altay, Gamzegül and Duygu Arıkan. “COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma Ve Emzirme”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 4, 2021, pp. 993-9, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.870322.
Vancouver Altay G, Arıkan D. COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Yenidoğanlarda Güvenli Maternal Bağlanma ve Emzirme. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;10(4):993-9.