Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

ISIS's Hybrid War Strategies: Analysis from the Perspective of the Hybrid War Concept

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 25 - 56, 01.05.2019

Abstract

References

  • ‘‘ABD'nin Ohio eyaletinde IŞİD mesajlı siber saldırı’’, BBC (2017), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-40402691 (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Dispatch From The Field Islamic State Weapons in Iraq And Syria: Analysis of weapons and ammunition captured from Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria’’, Conflict Armament Research, (2014), http://www.conflictarm.com/dispatches/islamic-state-weapons-in-iraq-and-syria/ (21.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Eski Baasçılar, IŞİD’in baş ortakları’’, Fars Haber Ajansı (2016), http://tr.farsnews.com/politics/news/13941118000642 (13.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Fransız yayın kuruluşu TV5 Monde'a siber IŞİD saldırısı’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/04/150409_fransa_siber_saldiri (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Hybrid Warfare in the Middle East’’, Global Strategies, (2017). http://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/Assets/Documents/reports/LSE-IDEAS-Hybrid-Warfare-in-the-Middle-East.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD CENTCOM'u hackledi!’’, CNN Türk (2015), https://www.cnnturk.com/haber/dunya/isid-centcomu-hackledi (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD İnsan Kaçakçılığı Yoluyla Gelir Yetersizliğini Telafi Etmeye Çalışıyor’’, Tesnim Haber Ajansı (2017), https://www.tasnimnews.com/tr/news/2017/02/01/1314782/%C4%B1%C5%9Fid-insan- ka%C3%A7ak%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1-yoluyla-gelir-yetersizli%C4%9Fini-telafi-etmeye-%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1yor (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD sonunda bunu da yaptı!’’, Habertürk (2014), https://www.haberturk.com/dunya/haber/1003476-isid-sonunda-bunu-da-yapti# (11.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD: Milyar dolarlık ekonomi’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/12/151211_isid_ekonomi_gch (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD'den 'Call of Duty' taktiği!’’, Karar (2015), https://www.karar.com/dunya-haberleri/isidden-call-of-duty-taktigi# (11.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD'in yeni propaganda aracı: Çizgi filmler’’, BBC (2017), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-39888529 (11.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD'in yıllık petrol geliri 500 milyon dolar’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/10/151014_ft_isid_petrol (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Reuters: IŞİD 'savaş ganimetleri' için bakanlık kurmuş’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/12/151228_isid_ganimet_bakanligi (12.02.2019). ‘‘Rusya açıkladı: IŞİD militanı sayısı 80 bine yaklaştı’’, Karar, (2015), https://www.karar.com/dunya-haberleri/rusya-acikladi-isid-militani-sayisi-80-bine-yaklasti-52974# (04.01.2019).
  • ‘‘Rusya: IŞİD Afganistan eroin ticaretinden 1 milyar dolar kazandı’’, HaberRus (2015), https://haberrus.com/headline/2015/03/06/rusya-isid-afganistan-eroin-ticaretinden-1-milyar-dolar-kazandi.html (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Siber saldırının faili "Siber Halifelik", CNN Türk (2015), https://www.cnnturk.com/video/dunya/siber-saldirinin-faili-siber-halifelik (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Threat Tactics Report: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’’, TRADOC G-2 Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA) and Complex Operational Environment and Threat Integration Directorate (CTID), (2014).
  • ‘‘Threat Tactics Report: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’’, TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration (2016). https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3212693-Threat-Tactics-Report-Islamic-State-of-Iraq-and.html (12.03.2019).
  • ‘‘Weapons of the Islamic State: A three-year investigation in Iraq and Syria’’, Conflict Armament Research, (2017), http://www.conflictarm.com/reports/weapons-of-the-islamic-state/ (21.02.2019).
  • Ağar, Abdullah, IŞİD ve Irak, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 2015.
  • Akad, Mehmet Tanju, Modern Savaşın Temel Kavramları, İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Atlı, Cenk, ‘‘IŞİD Üyesi Hacker’ların Siber Savaşa Hazırlandığı Ortaya Çıktı’’, Scroll (2015), http://www.scroll.com.tr/isid-uyesi-hackerlarin-siber-savasa-hazirlandigi-ortaya-cikti/ (15.02.2019).
  • Ayalp, Gökhan, ‘‘IŞİD’in 1.5 milyar $’lık yağma ekonomisi’’, Milliyet (2015), http://www.milliyet.com.tr/isid-in-1-5-milyar-lik-yagma/dunya/detay/2143054/default.htm (12.02.2019).
  • Balkan, Arif, ‘‘IŞİD’den sağlık kurumlarına ‘siber’ saldırı’’, Habertürk (2015), https://www.haberturk.com/dunya/haber/1110004-isidden-saglik-kurumlarina-siber-saldiri (15.02.2019).
  • Balkan, Serkan, ‘‘DEAŞ’in İHA Stratejisi: Teknoloji Ve Yenilikçi Terörizmin Yükselişi’’, İstanbul: SETA Yayınları 84, 2017.
  • Beccaro, Andrea, ‘‘Modern Irregular Warfare: The ISIS Case Study’’, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol.29, No.2 (2018): 207-228.
  • Bindner, Laurence and Poirot, Gabriel, ‘‘ISIS Financing 2015’’, Center for the Analysis of Terrorism, (2016). https://cat-int.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ISIS-Financing-2015-Report.pdf (14.02.2019).
  • Bingöl, Oktay ve Varlık, Ali Bilgin, ‘‘IŞİD’e Karşı Olası Operasyonun Boyutları: Stratejiler, Riskler, Öneriler’’, Merkez Strateji Enstitüsü, Rapor–002, (2014). https://www.academia.edu/8399948/Merkez_Strateji_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC_I%C5%9E%C4%B0D_Raporu (02.01.2019).
  • Brisard, Jean-Charles and Martinez, Damien, ‘‘Islamic State: The Economy-Based Terrorist Funding’’, Thomson Reuters Accelus (2014). http://cat-int.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/White-Paper-IS-Funding_Final.pdf (12.02.2019).
  • Cancian, Matthew F., ‘‘Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of the Islamic State’’, Military Review (2017): 52-61.
  • Celso, Anthony, ‘’Superpower Hybrid Warfare in Syria’’, The Marine Corps gazette, Vol.9 No.2, (2019): 92-116.
  • Chaliand, Gérard, ‘‘IŞİD Döneminde Cihatçılık’’, Terörizmin Tarihi: Antikçağdan IŞİD’e, ed. Gérard Chaliand ve Arnaud Blin, çev. Bülent Tanatar, İstanbul: Nora Kitap, 2016: 592-610.
  • Clausewitz, Carl Von, Savaş Üzerine, çev. Selma Koçak, Doruk Yayınları, 2015.
  • Cockburn, Patrick, İslam Devleti’nin Yükselişi: IŞİD ve Yeni Sünni Ayaklanması, çev. Osman Akınhay, İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı, 2014.
  • Dalton, Melissa G., ‘‘How Iran’s hybrid-war tactics help and hurt it’’, Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists, Vol.73, No.5 (2017): 312–315.
  • Gerasimov, Valery, ‘‘The Value of Science Is in the Foresight New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying out Combat Operations’’, Originally published in Military-Industrial Kurier (2013), trans. Robert Coalson, Military Review, (2016):23-29. https://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20160228_art008.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Göksun, Yenal ve Salihi, Emin, ‘‘DEAŞ’ın Medya Stratejisi’’, İstanbul: SETA Yayınları 98, 2018.
  • Gray, Colin S., ‘‘Irregular Warfare One Nature, Many Characters’’, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Air University (U.S.). Press, V.1 No.2, (2007): 35-57.
  • Güler, Recep Tayyip ve Özdemir, Ömer Behram, ‘‘DAEŞ: Ortaya Çıkışı, Yükselişi ve Çöküşü’’, Ortadoğu’da Devler Dışı Silahlı Aktörler: Terör Örgütleri, Milisler, Vekil Güçler, ed. Murat Yeşiltaş ve Burhanettin Duran, İstanbul: SETA Kitapları, 2018, 463-494.
  • Güner, Reyhan, ‘‘IŞİD’in Siber Halifesi Cüneyt Hüseyin’’, Siber Bülten (2015), https://siberbulten.com/makale-analiz/isidin-siber-halifesi-cuneyt-huseyin/ (15.02.2019).
  • Hendawi, Hamza; Abdul-Zahra, Qassım and Mroue, Bassem, ‘’ISIS has special forces’’, Business Insider, From Associated Press, (2015), https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-has-special-forces-2015-7 (04.01.2019).
  • Hoffman, Frank G. and Mattis, James N., ‘‘Future Warfare: The Rise of Hybrid Wars’’, Proceedings, Vol. 132/11/1,233 (2005). http://milnewstbay.pbworks.com/f/MattisFourBlockWarUSNINov2005.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., ‘‘Conflict in The 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars’’, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, (2007). http://www.potomacinstitute.org/images/stories/publications/potomac_hybridwar_0108.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., ‘‘Hybrid Warfare and Challenges’’, Joint Forces Quarterly, Issue 52, (2009): 34–39. https://smallwarsjournal.com/documents/jfqhoffman.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • Jasper, Scott and Moreland, Scott, ‘‘ISIS: An Adaptive Hybrid Threat in Transition’’, Small Wars Journal, https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/isis-an-adaptive-hybrid-threat-in-transition (18.01.2019).
  • Jost, Patrick M. and Sandhu, Harjit Singh, ‘‘The Hawala Alternative Remittance System and its Role in Money Laundering’’, Interpol General Secretariat,
  • Lyon, (2000). https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/documents/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf (14.02.2019).
  • Kalaycı, Rıdvan ve Gürler, Recep Tayyip, ‘‘Irak 2014’’, Ortadoğu Yıllığı (2014). http://content.lms.sabis.sakarya.edu.tr/Uploads/56701/28808/3._hafta_zorunlu_okuma-_%C4%B1rak-2014-r%C4%B1dvan-kalayc%C4%B1-recep-tayyip-g%C3%BCrler.pdf (02.01.2019).
  • Korkmaz, Sertaç Canalp, ‘‘Terörün Propagandası: DAEŞ Terör Örgütü ve Konstantiniyye Dergisi’’, ORSAM, Rapor No: 204 (2016).
  • Korybko, Andrew and Acedo, Enrique R., ‘‘Hybrid Wars And Geopolitics’’, Geopolitika, (2017). https://www.geopolitica.ru/en/article/hybrid-wars-and-geopolitics (18.01.2019).
  • Korybko, Andrew, ‘‘Hybrid Wars. Testing the Theory – Syria & Ukraine (Part 2)’’, The Greenville Post, https://www.greanvillepost.com/2016/04/02/%E2%80%A2-hybrid-wars-testing-the-theory-syria-ukraine-part (18.01.2019).
  • Korybko, Andrew, ‘‘Venezuela: The Indirect Adaptive Approach To Regime Change’’, Eurasia Future (2019), https://eurasiafuture.com/2019/01/24/venezuela-the-indirect-adaptive-approach-to-regime-change/ (18.01.2019).
  • Korybko, Andrew, Hybrid Wars: The Indirect Adaptive Approach to Regime Change, Moscow: Project of the Institute for Strategic Studies and Predictions PFUR, 2015. https://orientalreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AK-Hybrid-Wars-updated.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Lanz, Mattie, ‘‘IŞİD ve Bir Baskı Aracı Olarak Su’’, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 66 (Ocak-Şubat): 70-71.
  • Lewis, Jessica D., ‘‘Al Qaeda in Iraq Resurgent: The Breaking the Walls Campaign’’, Part I, Middle East Security Report 14. http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/AQI-Resurgent-10Sept_0.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Luizard, Pierre-Jean, IŞİD Tuzağı, çev. Yasemin Özden Charles, İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık, 2016.
  • Mosendz, Polly, ‘‘Newsweek Twitter Account Hacked By Group Claiming ISIS Affiliation’’, Newsweek (2015), https://www.newsweek.com/newsweek-twitter-account-hacked-isis-affiliated-group-305897 (15.02.2019).
  • Myers, Russell, ‘‘Jihadist hackers targeting celebrity and business bank accounts to fund Islamic State terror campaign’’, The Mirror (2014), https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/jihadist-hackers-targeting-celebrity-business-4057294 (15.02.2019).
  • Nance, Malcolm W., ‘‘ISIS Forces That Now Control Ramadi Are Ex-Baathist Saddam Loyalists’’, The Intercept, (2015), https://theintercept.com/2015/06/03/isis-forces-exbaathist-saddam-loyalists/ (02.01.2019).
  • Nilsson, Niklas, ‘’Russian Hybrid Tactics in Georgia’’, Silk Road Paper, (2018). http://isdp.eu/content/uploads/2018/01/Russian-Hybrid-Tactics-in-Georgia.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Rusnáková, Soňa, ‘’Russian New Art of Hybrid Warfare in Ukraine’’, Slovak Journal of Political Sciences, Vol.17, No. 3 – 4, (2017).
  • Sakoğlu, Furkan, ‘‘IŞİD, propaganda videosunda Modern Warfare 3 görüntüsü kullandı’’, Merlin'in Kazanı (2016), https://www.merlininkazani.com/isid-propaganda-videosunda-modern-warfare-3-goruntusu-kullandi-haber-88013 (11.02.2019).
  • Sandıklı, Atilla, ‘‘Terörün Geldiği Yeni Boyut: IŞİD Örneği’’, BİLGESAM, Rapor No: 67 (2015).
  • Sciutto, Jim; Crawford, Jamie and Carter, Chelsea J., ‘‘ISIS can 'muster' between 20,000 and 31,500 fighters, CIA says’’, CNN (2014), https://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/11/world/meast/isis-syria-iraq/index.html (02.01.2019).
  • Sun Zi, Savaş Sanatı: Modern Muharebe Kavramlarıyla Yeni Bir Bakış, çev. Bülent Okay, İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayın Dağıtım, 2017.
  • Toptaş, Ergüder, 21.Yüzyılda Savaş, Ankara: Kripto Kitaplar, 2009.
  • Toptaş, Ergüder, Gerilla, Kontrgerilla Savaşı: Temel Strateji ve Teknikler, Ankara: Kripto Kitaplar, 2015.
  • Weiss, Michael ve Hassan, Hassan, IŞİD: Terör Ordusunun İçyüzü, çev. Emine Arzu Kayhan, İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları, 2016.
  • Wilson, Jeremy; Bender, Jeremy and Rosen, Armin, ‘‘These are the weapons Islamic State fighters are using to terrify the Middle East’’, Business Insider, (2016), https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-military-equipment-arsenal-2016/?r=UK/#t-55-tanks-1 (21.02.2019).
  • Yalçınkaya, Haldun, ‘‘IŞİD’in Yabancı Savaşçıları ve Yarattığı Tehdit: Türkiye’nin Tecrübesi (2014-2016)’’, ORSAM, Rapor No: 210 (2017).
  • Zenko, Micah, ‘‘Bitcoin for Bombs’’, The Council on Foreign Relations (2017), https://www.cfr.org/blog/bitcoin-bombs (12.02.2019).

IŞİD’in Hibrit Savaş Stratejileri: Hibrit Savaş Konsepti Perspektifinde Analizi

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 25 - 56, 01.05.2019

Abstract

İnsanlık tarihi büyük ölçüde savaşın da tarihidir. İnsanlar
yüzyıllar boyunca pek çok sebepten dolayı savaşmışlardır. Yapılan bu savaşlarda
savaşın doğası gereği, bir taraf kazanan tarafta olurken diğer taraf mağlup
olan tarafta olmuştur. Bu anlamda savaşın doğası sabit kalırken, insanların her
yüzyılda en yeni bilgiye ulaşması savaşın karakterini değiştirmiştir. 21.
yüzyılda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler savaşın karakterinin
dinamik olduğunu bir kez daha göstermiştir. Günümüzde düşman olarak belirlenen
hedefe karşı sadece askeri kapasite kullanarak müdahale etmek yetersiz kalmaya
başlamıştır. Savaştaki aktörler birbirlerine karşı siber, ekonomik, enformasyon
ve propaganda savaş kapasitelerini yoğunluklu olarak kullanmaya başlamışlardır.
Üstelik savaş sahasında devlet dışı aktörler devletlerden daha fazla görünür
hale gelmiştir. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, hibrit savaş konsepti perspektifinde
savaşın karakterinde yaşanan değişimle beraber karşı karşıya kalınan tehdidin
karakterinde meydana gelen değişimi IŞİD terör örgütü örneğinden hareketle
açıklamaktır.

References

  • ‘‘ABD'nin Ohio eyaletinde IŞİD mesajlı siber saldırı’’, BBC (2017), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-40402691 (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Dispatch From The Field Islamic State Weapons in Iraq And Syria: Analysis of weapons and ammunition captured from Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria’’, Conflict Armament Research, (2014), http://www.conflictarm.com/dispatches/islamic-state-weapons-in-iraq-and-syria/ (21.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Eski Baasçılar, IŞİD’in baş ortakları’’, Fars Haber Ajansı (2016), http://tr.farsnews.com/politics/news/13941118000642 (13.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Fransız yayın kuruluşu TV5 Monde'a siber IŞİD saldırısı’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/04/150409_fransa_siber_saldiri (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Hybrid Warfare in the Middle East’’, Global Strategies, (2017). http://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/Assets/Documents/reports/LSE-IDEAS-Hybrid-Warfare-in-the-Middle-East.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD CENTCOM'u hackledi!’’, CNN Türk (2015), https://www.cnnturk.com/haber/dunya/isid-centcomu-hackledi (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD İnsan Kaçakçılığı Yoluyla Gelir Yetersizliğini Telafi Etmeye Çalışıyor’’, Tesnim Haber Ajansı (2017), https://www.tasnimnews.com/tr/news/2017/02/01/1314782/%C4%B1%C5%9Fid-insan- ka%C3%A7ak%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1-yoluyla-gelir-yetersizli%C4%9Fini-telafi-etmeye-%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1yor (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD sonunda bunu da yaptı!’’, Habertürk (2014), https://www.haberturk.com/dunya/haber/1003476-isid-sonunda-bunu-da-yapti# (11.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD: Milyar dolarlık ekonomi’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/12/151211_isid_ekonomi_gch (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD'den 'Call of Duty' taktiği!’’, Karar (2015), https://www.karar.com/dunya-haberleri/isidden-call-of-duty-taktigi# (11.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD'in yeni propaganda aracı: Çizgi filmler’’, BBC (2017), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-39888529 (11.02.2019).
  • ‘‘IŞİD'in yıllık petrol geliri 500 milyon dolar’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/10/151014_ft_isid_petrol (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Reuters: IŞİD 'savaş ganimetleri' için bakanlık kurmuş’’, BBC (2015), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/12/151228_isid_ganimet_bakanligi (12.02.2019). ‘‘Rusya açıkladı: IŞİD militanı sayısı 80 bine yaklaştı’’, Karar, (2015), https://www.karar.com/dunya-haberleri/rusya-acikladi-isid-militani-sayisi-80-bine-yaklasti-52974# (04.01.2019).
  • ‘‘Rusya: IŞİD Afganistan eroin ticaretinden 1 milyar dolar kazandı’’, HaberRus (2015), https://haberrus.com/headline/2015/03/06/rusya-isid-afganistan-eroin-ticaretinden-1-milyar-dolar-kazandi.html (12.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Siber saldırının faili "Siber Halifelik", CNN Türk (2015), https://www.cnnturk.com/video/dunya/siber-saldirinin-faili-siber-halifelik (15.02.2019).
  • ‘‘Threat Tactics Report: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’’, TRADOC G-2 Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA) and Complex Operational Environment and Threat Integration Directorate (CTID), (2014).
  • ‘‘Threat Tactics Report: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’’, TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration (2016). https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3212693-Threat-Tactics-Report-Islamic-State-of-Iraq-and.html (12.03.2019).
  • ‘‘Weapons of the Islamic State: A three-year investigation in Iraq and Syria’’, Conflict Armament Research, (2017), http://www.conflictarm.com/reports/weapons-of-the-islamic-state/ (21.02.2019).
  • Ağar, Abdullah, IŞİD ve Irak, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 2015.
  • Akad, Mehmet Tanju, Modern Savaşın Temel Kavramları, İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Atlı, Cenk, ‘‘IŞİD Üyesi Hacker’ların Siber Savaşa Hazırlandığı Ortaya Çıktı’’, Scroll (2015), http://www.scroll.com.tr/isid-uyesi-hackerlarin-siber-savasa-hazirlandigi-ortaya-cikti/ (15.02.2019).
  • Ayalp, Gökhan, ‘‘IŞİD’in 1.5 milyar $’lık yağma ekonomisi’’, Milliyet (2015), http://www.milliyet.com.tr/isid-in-1-5-milyar-lik-yagma/dunya/detay/2143054/default.htm (12.02.2019).
  • Balkan, Arif, ‘‘IŞİD’den sağlık kurumlarına ‘siber’ saldırı’’, Habertürk (2015), https://www.haberturk.com/dunya/haber/1110004-isidden-saglik-kurumlarina-siber-saldiri (15.02.2019).
  • Balkan, Serkan, ‘‘DEAŞ’in İHA Stratejisi: Teknoloji Ve Yenilikçi Terörizmin Yükselişi’’, İstanbul: SETA Yayınları 84, 2017.
  • Beccaro, Andrea, ‘‘Modern Irregular Warfare: The ISIS Case Study’’, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol.29, No.2 (2018): 207-228.
  • Bindner, Laurence and Poirot, Gabriel, ‘‘ISIS Financing 2015’’, Center for the Analysis of Terrorism, (2016). https://cat-int.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ISIS-Financing-2015-Report.pdf (14.02.2019).
  • Bingöl, Oktay ve Varlık, Ali Bilgin, ‘‘IŞİD’e Karşı Olası Operasyonun Boyutları: Stratejiler, Riskler, Öneriler’’, Merkez Strateji Enstitüsü, Rapor–002, (2014). https://www.academia.edu/8399948/Merkez_Strateji_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC_I%C5%9E%C4%B0D_Raporu (02.01.2019).
  • Brisard, Jean-Charles and Martinez, Damien, ‘‘Islamic State: The Economy-Based Terrorist Funding’’, Thomson Reuters Accelus (2014). http://cat-int.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/White-Paper-IS-Funding_Final.pdf (12.02.2019).
  • Cancian, Matthew F., ‘‘Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of the Islamic State’’, Military Review (2017): 52-61.
  • Celso, Anthony, ‘’Superpower Hybrid Warfare in Syria’’, The Marine Corps gazette, Vol.9 No.2, (2019): 92-116.
  • Chaliand, Gérard, ‘‘IŞİD Döneminde Cihatçılık’’, Terörizmin Tarihi: Antikçağdan IŞİD’e, ed. Gérard Chaliand ve Arnaud Blin, çev. Bülent Tanatar, İstanbul: Nora Kitap, 2016: 592-610.
  • Clausewitz, Carl Von, Savaş Üzerine, çev. Selma Koçak, Doruk Yayınları, 2015.
  • Cockburn, Patrick, İslam Devleti’nin Yükselişi: IŞİD ve Yeni Sünni Ayaklanması, çev. Osman Akınhay, İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı, 2014.
  • Dalton, Melissa G., ‘‘How Iran’s hybrid-war tactics help and hurt it’’, Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists, Vol.73, No.5 (2017): 312–315.
  • Gerasimov, Valery, ‘‘The Value of Science Is in the Foresight New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying out Combat Operations’’, Originally published in Military-Industrial Kurier (2013), trans. Robert Coalson, Military Review, (2016):23-29. https://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20160228_art008.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Göksun, Yenal ve Salihi, Emin, ‘‘DEAŞ’ın Medya Stratejisi’’, İstanbul: SETA Yayınları 98, 2018.
  • Gray, Colin S., ‘‘Irregular Warfare One Nature, Many Characters’’, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Air University (U.S.). Press, V.1 No.2, (2007): 35-57.
  • Güler, Recep Tayyip ve Özdemir, Ömer Behram, ‘‘DAEŞ: Ortaya Çıkışı, Yükselişi ve Çöküşü’’, Ortadoğu’da Devler Dışı Silahlı Aktörler: Terör Örgütleri, Milisler, Vekil Güçler, ed. Murat Yeşiltaş ve Burhanettin Duran, İstanbul: SETA Kitapları, 2018, 463-494.
  • Güner, Reyhan, ‘‘IŞİD’in Siber Halifesi Cüneyt Hüseyin’’, Siber Bülten (2015), https://siberbulten.com/makale-analiz/isidin-siber-halifesi-cuneyt-huseyin/ (15.02.2019).
  • Hendawi, Hamza; Abdul-Zahra, Qassım and Mroue, Bassem, ‘’ISIS has special forces’’, Business Insider, From Associated Press, (2015), https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-has-special-forces-2015-7 (04.01.2019).
  • Hoffman, Frank G. and Mattis, James N., ‘‘Future Warfare: The Rise of Hybrid Wars’’, Proceedings, Vol. 132/11/1,233 (2005). http://milnewstbay.pbworks.com/f/MattisFourBlockWarUSNINov2005.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., ‘‘Conflict in The 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars’’, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, (2007). http://www.potomacinstitute.org/images/stories/publications/potomac_hybridwar_0108.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • Hoffman, Frank G., ‘‘Hybrid Warfare and Challenges’’, Joint Forces Quarterly, Issue 52, (2009): 34–39. https://smallwarsjournal.com/documents/jfqhoffman.pdf (15.01.2019).
  • Jasper, Scott and Moreland, Scott, ‘‘ISIS: An Adaptive Hybrid Threat in Transition’’, Small Wars Journal, https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/isis-an-adaptive-hybrid-threat-in-transition (18.01.2019).
  • Jost, Patrick M. and Sandhu, Harjit Singh, ‘‘The Hawala Alternative Remittance System and its Role in Money Laundering’’, Interpol General Secretariat,
  • Lyon, (2000). https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/documents/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf (14.02.2019).
  • Kalaycı, Rıdvan ve Gürler, Recep Tayyip, ‘‘Irak 2014’’, Ortadoğu Yıllığı (2014). http://content.lms.sabis.sakarya.edu.tr/Uploads/56701/28808/3._hafta_zorunlu_okuma-_%C4%B1rak-2014-r%C4%B1dvan-kalayc%C4%B1-recep-tayyip-g%C3%BCrler.pdf (02.01.2019).
  • Korkmaz, Sertaç Canalp, ‘‘Terörün Propagandası: DAEŞ Terör Örgütü ve Konstantiniyye Dergisi’’, ORSAM, Rapor No: 204 (2016).
  • Korybko, Andrew and Acedo, Enrique R., ‘‘Hybrid Wars And Geopolitics’’, Geopolitika, (2017). https://www.geopolitica.ru/en/article/hybrid-wars-and-geopolitics (18.01.2019).
  • Korybko, Andrew, ‘‘Hybrid Wars. Testing the Theory – Syria & Ukraine (Part 2)’’, The Greenville Post, https://www.greanvillepost.com/2016/04/02/%E2%80%A2-hybrid-wars-testing-the-theory-syria-ukraine-part (18.01.2019).
  • Korybko, Andrew, ‘‘Venezuela: The Indirect Adaptive Approach To Regime Change’’, Eurasia Future (2019), https://eurasiafuture.com/2019/01/24/venezuela-the-indirect-adaptive-approach-to-regime-change/ (18.01.2019).
  • Korybko, Andrew, Hybrid Wars: The Indirect Adaptive Approach to Regime Change, Moscow: Project of the Institute for Strategic Studies and Predictions PFUR, 2015. https://orientalreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AK-Hybrid-Wars-updated.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Lanz, Mattie, ‘‘IŞİD ve Bir Baskı Aracı Olarak Su’’, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 66 (Ocak-Şubat): 70-71.
  • Lewis, Jessica D., ‘‘Al Qaeda in Iraq Resurgent: The Breaking the Walls Campaign’’, Part I, Middle East Security Report 14. http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/AQI-Resurgent-10Sept_0.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Luizard, Pierre-Jean, IŞİD Tuzağı, çev. Yasemin Özden Charles, İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık, 2016.
  • Mosendz, Polly, ‘‘Newsweek Twitter Account Hacked By Group Claiming ISIS Affiliation’’, Newsweek (2015), https://www.newsweek.com/newsweek-twitter-account-hacked-isis-affiliated-group-305897 (15.02.2019).
  • Myers, Russell, ‘‘Jihadist hackers targeting celebrity and business bank accounts to fund Islamic State terror campaign’’, The Mirror (2014), https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/jihadist-hackers-targeting-celebrity-business-4057294 (15.02.2019).
  • Nance, Malcolm W., ‘‘ISIS Forces That Now Control Ramadi Are Ex-Baathist Saddam Loyalists’’, The Intercept, (2015), https://theintercept.com/2015/06/03/isis-forces-exbaathist-saddam-loyalists/ (02.01.2019).
  • Nilsson, Niklas, ‘’Russian Hybrid Tactics in Georgia’’, Silk Road Paper, (2018). http://isdp.eu/content/uploads/2018/01/Russian-Hybrid-Tactics-in-Georgia.pdf (18.01.2019).
  • Rusnáková, Soňa, ‘’Russian New Art of Hybrid Warfare in Ukraine’’, Slovak Journal of Political Sciences, Vol.17, No. 3 – 4, (2017).
  • Sakoğlu, Furkan, ‘‘IŞİD, propaganda videosunda Modern Warfare 3 görüntüsü kullandı’’, Merlin'in Kazanı (2016), https://www.merlininkazani.com/isid-propaganda-videosunda-modern-warfare-3-goruntusu-kullandi-haber-88013 (11.02.2019).
  • Sandıklı, Atilla, ‘‘Terörün Geldiği Yeni Boyut: IŞİD Örneği’’, BİLGESAM, Rapor No: 67 (2015).
  • Sciutto, Jim; Crawford, Jamie and Carter, Chelsea J., ‘‘ISIS can 'muster' between 20,000 and 31,500 fighters, CIA says’’, CNN (2014), https://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/11/world/meast/isis-syria-iraq/index.html (02.01.2019).
  • Sun Zi, Savaş Sanatı: Modern Muharebe Kavramlarıyla Yeni Bir Bakış, çev. Bülent Okay, İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayın Dağıtım, 2017.
  • Toptaş, Ergüder, 21.Yüzyılda Savaş, Ankara: Kripto Kitaplar, 2009.
  • Toptaş, Ergüder, Gerilla, Kontrgerilla Savaşı: Temel Strateji ve Teknikler, Ankara: Kripto Kitaplar, 2015.
  • Weiss, Michael ve Hassan, Hassan, IŞİD: Terör Ordusunun İçyüzü, çev. Emine Arzu Kayhan, İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları, 2016.
  • Wilson, Jeremy; Bender, Jeremy and Rosen, Armin, ‘‘These are the weapons Islamic State fighters are using to terrify the Middle East’’, Business Insider, (2016), https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-military-equipment-arsenal-2016/?r=UK/#t-55-tanks-1 (21.02.2019).
  • Yalçınkaya, Haldun, ‘‘IŞİD’in Yabancı Savaşçıları ve Yarattığı Tehdit: Türkiye’nin Tecrübesi (2014-2016)’’, ORSAM, Rapor No: 210 (2017).
  • Zenko, Micah, ‘‘Bitcoin for Bombs’’, The Council on Foreign Relations (2017), https://www.cfr.org/blog/bitcoin-bombs (12.02.2019).
There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

M.halil Mustafa Bektaş 0000-0003-1733-6339

Ali Yasin Gündoğdu 0000-0002-6863-7820

Publication Date May 1, 2019
Submission Date March 30, 2019
Acceptance Date April 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Bektaş, M.halil Mustafa, and Ali Yasin Gündoğdu. “IŞİD’in Hibrit Savaş Stratejileri: Hibrit Savaş Konsepti Perspektifinde Analizi”. International Journal of Politics and Security 1, no. 1 (May 2019): 25-56.

23370

               

Data Sharing Policy
This journal encourages authors to share the data obtained as a result of their research while remaining within the requirements of the universal and legal criteria for the protection of personal rights with scientific ethics and citation rules. In this context, IJPS adopts the Budapest Open Access Initiative Declaration (2001).