Abstract
The Boko Haram insurgency has been a devastating conflict in terms of loss of lives, property, and downfall of economic activity in Nigeria. Indeed, the Boko Haram Conflict has not only adversely affected the most populous country in Africa but affected all countries in the Chad Basin. Religious extremism has been identified as one of the factors behind the Boko Haram Sect but there is a dearth of quality research on that subject. Many other studies have explored the social and political factors behind the sect. This research has drawn a nexus between the activities of Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria to religious extremism, as well as some remote social and political factors that have contributed to the rise of the sect.
The continuing terror being visited in several areas of Northern Nigeria and some other West African countries has necessitated the need of a probe into the root cause and factors influencing the growth of the sect. This is geared towards finding a sustainable solution to the conflict and similar conflicts that may want to arise in future. The research methodology deployed by the researcher includes qualitative and doctrinal methods.
The research is in 4 sections, and it explores the different conceptions of terrorism, insurgency, and religious extremism and how they can be used to explain the nature of Boko Haram's operations. The research also assesses the future outlook of the Boko Haram insurgency, considering the coalition of the armed terrorist group with the Islamic State West African Province and what this means for the fight against insurgency in the Chad Basin region. In conclusion, the research recommends that Nigeria will need to address several issues ranging from economic challenges, as well as getting external support in fighting the Boko Haram insurgents.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Altinbas University Istanbul, Turkey.
Project Number
one
Thanks
I want to thank my supervisor Dr Bahadir Kaynak in the department of Political Science and International Relations for his support, and everyone who has been helpful during program.
References
- Adebayo, A. (2014). Implications of Boko Haram Terrorism on National Development in Nigeria: A Critical Review. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (16), 140-189.
- Adelman, I. (1995). Social Development in Korea, 1953-1993. A Paper for the International Conference on the Korea Economy 1945-1995. Korea Development Institute, Seoul, December, 9-10.
- Adjumola, A. and Olajubtu, T. (2009). Spinning off an Entrepreneur Culture among Nigerian University Students: Prospects and Challenges. African Journal of Business Management, 3 (3), 80-88.
- Africa in 2020 Panel Report. www. dni.gov/nic, accessed June 18, 2015. African Development Bank. (2012). African Economic Outlook Seminar, Tunis.
- Agomuo, Z. (2011). Boko Haram, Offshoot of Bad Governance. Business Day, 2011 (9), 144-145.
- Ahokegh, A. (2011). Boko Haram: A 21st Century Challenge in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 8 (21), 46-55.
- Ajiya B, (2015). Yobe: Deaths in the Church. Vanguard, July 12, 11-12.
- Ake, C. (2005). Democracy and Development in Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Book Limited.
- Akpotor, A. and Oromareghake, P. (2013). Terrorism and Insecurity In the Nigerian State: The Challenges in Mbachu and Bature,(eds), Internal Security Management in Nigeria: A study in Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism. Kaduna: Medusa Academic Publishers Limited.
- Akin, D. (2007). A Theology for the Church. Carson, J. (2012). Nigeria, one year After Elections: US on Boko Haram, prepared for Centre for Strategic and International Studies, WashingtonDC. April 9, pp. 15.Nashville: B & H Publishing Group.
- Channels News @ 10 May 4th, 2012. Nigeria local news channel
- Crenshaw, M. (2008). Terrorism as an international problem, in Norwitz, H (Ed), The History, influence, and Future of Armed group around the world. New York: Oxford Press.
- Dougherty, E and Pfaltzgrate, L. (1990). Contending Theories of International Relations survey. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
- Douglas; B. (1999). The counter-insurgency Era. New York: Free press.
- Durkheim, E. Structuralism. www.durkheim.uchicago.edu, accessed 11-11-2019.
- Edukugho, E. (2015). Our Case Against Boko Haram Suspects in Ndi Anambra. Vanguard, July 12, 2015.
- Ellen, F.(2009). Scripture, Culture, and Agriculture: An Agrarian Reading of the Bible. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Ekeh, P. (2005). Nigeria’s Emergent Political Cultures in Ekeh, et al (Eds) Nigeria in the Last 25 Years, Vol. V. Lagos: Heinemann Educational Books.
- Eme,O., et al. (2012).The Cost of Boko Haram Activities in Nigeria. AJMBR 2 (2), 10-32.
- Eme, O, and Jide, I. (2012). Activities of Boko Haram and Insecurity Question in Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, AJBMR 1(9), 58.
- Erickson, M. (1998). Christian Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House
- Falana, F. (2015). Insurgency in Nigeria: The Legal challenge. Paper delivered at the 7th Annual Emeritus professor D. A Ijalaiye SAN. Distinguished personality lecture at the obafemi Awolowo University, Ile –Ife, Osun State, pp 1-4.
- Faleti, A. (2006). Theories of Social Conflict”, in Best G (Ed), Introduction to Pan African (pp.221-228). Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
- Fall, B. (1994). Street without Joy: The French Debacle in Indochina. London: Stack Pole.
- Fukayama, F. (2003). Phase III in the War on Terrorism. Brookings: Brookings Institute.
- Gboyega, A. (2003). Democracy and Development: The imperative of Local Governance. An Inaugural lecture, University of Ibadan pp 6-7.
- Gilbert, L. (2014). The Prolongation of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: The International Dimensions. Research on Humanities and Social Science, 4 (11) 150-156.
- Lukman, S. (n.d). The North and the Poverty phenomenon. http//www.gam.com/NEWS6707.html accessed on 20/07/2015.
- McFate, M. (2009). The Memory of War: Tribes and the Legitimate Use of Force in the Fight against Pirates, Terrorists and War Lords. New York: Skyhorse Publishing.
- Meadows, O. et al. (2009). The Limit to Economic Growths. London: Universal Books
- Middleton, C. (2006). Linguistic, Literary, and Theological Commentary. Phillipsburg: P & R Publishing.
- Mozayyan, M. (2009). Glory in Defeat and other Islamist Ideologies, in Norwitz H.(ed), Warlords: The History, Influence, and Future of Armed Groups Around the World.
- London: Class Publishers.Mimiko, O. (1998). The State and the Growth /Development Agenda: Africa and East/Asia in Context, in Kolawole, D. (Ed), Issues in Nigerian Government and Politics (163-166). Ibadan: Dakaal Publishers.
- Mimiko, O. (1997). Selected Topics on International Economic Relations. Akure: Olaniyan Publishing Company.
- Morris, M. (2005). Al Qaeda as Insurgency. U.S.A: United States Army College.
- Muzan, A. (2014). Insurgency in Nigeria: Addressing the Issues. African Human Rights Law Journal (AHRLJ), 1(14), 437-450.
- Naomi, O (1995). Towards an Integrated view of Human Rights. Hunger Teach Net, 6 (3), 6 -7.
- Nagl, J. (2006). US counter insurgency. New York: 24 Press.
- Nanlong, M. (2015). Plateau: After four Months Break, Bombs are Flying again. Vanguard, July 12, 21-23.
- Nelson, M. (2013). Migrants, Urban Poverty and Instability in Developing Nations. Cambridge: Harvard University Center for International Studies.
Abstract
The Boko Haram insurgency has been a devastating conflict in terms of loss of lives, property, and the downfall of economic activity in Nigeria. Indeed, the Boko Haram Conflict has not only adversely affected the most populous country in Africa but affected all countries in the Chad Basin. Religious extremism has been identified as one of the factors behind the Boko Haram Sect but there is a dearth of quality research on that subject. Many other studies have explored the social and political factors behind the sect. This research has drawn a nexus between the activities of Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria to religious extremism, as well as some remote social and political factors that have contributed to the rise of the sect.
The continuing terror being visited in several areas of Northern Nigeria and some other West African countries has necessitated the need of a probe into the root cause and factors influencing the growth of the sect. This is geared towards finding a sustainable solution to the conflict and similar conflicts that may want to arise in future. The research methodology deployed by the researcher includes qualitative and doctrinal methods.
The research is in 4 sections, and it explores the different conceptions of terrorism, insurgency, and religious extremism and how they can be used to explain the nature of Boko Haram's operations. The research also assesses the future outlook of the Boko Haram insurgency, considering the coalition of the armed terrorist group with the Islamic State West African Province and what this means for the fight against insurgency in the Chad Basin region. In conclusion, the research recommends that Nigeria will need to address several issues ranging from economic challenges, as well as getting external support in fighting the Boko Haram insurgents.
Keywords
Project Number
one
References
- Adebayo, A. (2014). Implications of Boko Haram Terrorism on National Development in Nigeria: A Critical Review. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (16), 140-189.
- Adelman, I. (1995). Social Development in Korea, 1953-1993. A Paper for the International Conference on the Korea Economy 1945-1995. Korea Development Institute, Seoul, December, 9-10.
- Adjumola, A. and Olajubtu, T. (2009). Spinning off an Entrepreneur Culture among Nigerian University Students: Prospects and Challenges. African Journal of Business Management, 3 (3), 80-88.
- Africa in 2020 Panel Report. www. dni.gov/nic, accessed June 18, 2015. African Development Bank. (2012). African Economic Outlook Seminar, Tunis.
- Agomuo, Z. (2011). Boko Haram, Offshoot of Bad Governance. Business Day, 2011 (9), 144-145.
- Ahokegh, A. (2011). Boko Haram: A 21st Century Challenge in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 8 (21), 46-55.
- Ajiya B, (2015). Yobe: Deaths in the Church. Vanguard, July 12, 11-12.
- Ake, C. (2005). Democracy and Development in Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Book Limited.
- Akpotor, A. and Oromareghake, P. (2013). Terrorism and Insecurity In the Nigerian State: The Challenges in Mbachu and Bature,(eds), Internal Security Management in Nigeria: A study in Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism. Kaduna: Medusa Academic Publishers Limited.
- Akin, D. (2007). A Theology for the Church. Carson, J. (2012). Nigeria, one year After Elections: US on Boko Haram, prepared for Centre for Strategic and International Studies, WashingtonDC. April 9, pp. 15.Nashville: B & H Publishing Group.
- Channels News @ 10 May 4th, 2012. Nigeria local news channel
- Crenshaw, M. (2008). Terrorism as an international problem, in Norwitz, H (Ed), The History, influence, and Future of Armed group around the world. New York: Oxford Press.
- Dougherty, E and Pfaltzgrate, L. (1990). Contending Theories of International Relations survey. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
- Douglas; B. (1999). The counter-insurgency Era. New York: Free press.
- Durkheim, E. Structuralism. www.durkheim.uchicago.edu, accessed 11-11-2019.
- Edukugho, E. (2015). Our Case Against Boko Haram Suspects in Ndi Anambra. Vanguard, July 12, 2015.
- Ellen, F.(2009). Scripture, Culture, and Agriculture: An Agrarian Reading of the Bible. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Ekeh, P. (2005). Nigeria’s Emergent Political Cultures in Ekeh, et al (Eds) Nigeria in the Last 25 Years, Vol. V. Lagos: Heinemann Educational Books.
- Eme,O., et al. (2012).The Cost of Boko Haram Activities in Nigeria. AJMBR 2 (2), 10-32.
- Eme, O, and Jide, I. (2012). Activities of Boko Haram and Insecurity Question in Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, AJBMR 1(9), 58.
- Erickson, M. (1998). Christian Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House
- Falana, F. (2015). Insurgency in Nigeria: The Legal challenge. Paper delivered at the 7th Annual Emeritus professor D. A Ijalaiye SAN. Distinguished personality lecture at the obafemi Awolowo University, Ile –Ife, Osun State, pp 1-4.
- Faleti, A. (2006). Theories of Social Conflict”, in Best G (Ed), Introduction to Pan African (pp.221-228). Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
- Fall, B. (1994). Street without Joy: The French Debacle in Indochina. London: Stack Pole.
- Fukayama, F. (2003). Phase III in the War on Terrorism. Brookings: Brookings Institute.
- Gboyega, A. (2003). Democracy and Development: The imperative of Local Governance. An Inaugural lecture, University of Ibadan pp 6-7.
- Gilbert, L. (2014). The Prolongation of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: The International Dimensions. Research on Humanities and Social Science, 4 (11) 150-156.
- Lukman, S. (n.d). The North and the Poverty phenomenon. http//www.gam.com/NEWS6707.html accessed on 20/07/2015.
- McFate, M. (2009). The Memory of War: Tribes and the Legitimate Use of Force in the Fight against Pirates, Terrorists and War Lords. New York: Skyhorse Publishing.
- Meadows, O. et al. (2009). The Limit to Economic Growths. London: Universal Books
- Middleton, C. (2006). Linguistic, Literary, and Theological Commentary. Phillipsburg: P & R Publishing.
- Mozayyan, M. (2009). Glory in Defeat and other Islamist Ideologies, in Norwitz H.(ed), Warlords: The History, Influence, and Future of Armed Groups Around the World.
- London: Class Publishers.Mimiko, O. (1998). The State and the Growth /Development Agenda: Africa and East/Asia in Context, in Kolawole, D. (Ed), Issues in Nigerian Government and Politics (163-166). Ibadan: Dakaal Publishers.
- Mimiko, O. (1997). Selected Topics on International Economic Relations. Akure: Olaniyan Publishing Company.
- Morris, M. (2005). Al Qaeda as Insurgency. U.S.A: United States Army College.
- Muzan, A. (2014). Insurgency in Nigeria: Addressing the Issues. African Human Rights Law Journal (AHRLJ), 1(14), 437-450.
- Naomi, O (1995). Towards an Integrated view of Human Rights. Hunger Teach Net, 6 (3), 6 -7.
- Nagl, J. (2006). US counter insurgency. New York: 24 Press.
- Nanlong, M. (2015). Plateau: After four Months Break, Bombs are Flying again. Vanguard, July 12, 21-23.
- Nelson, M. (2013). Migrants, Urban Poverty and Instability in Developing Nations. Cambridge: Harvard University Center for International Studies.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Political Science |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | one |
| Publication Date | May 1, 2024 |
| Submission Date | August 26, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | February 11, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |
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