Research Article
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Maske Takma Davranışının, Saldırganlık ve Bilişsel Esneklik Açısından İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 2024 Issue: 1, 76 - 95, 22.01.2024

İrem Döndar Tuğba Erdoğan Fatma Can

https://doi.org/10.55543/insan.1318140

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte hastalığın bulaşmasını önlemek için neredeyse tüm dünyada maske takmak zorunlu kılınmıştır. Maske takmak hastalıktan kaçınabilmek açısından çok etkili bir yöntem olmakla birlikte, bazı istenmeyen sonuçlara da yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da maske takma davranışının bir engellenme hissine yol açarak saldırgan davranışlarda bir artışa katkısı olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışmada, maske takma davranışı ile saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide, öfke ile bilişsel esnekliğin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. 117 (% 65.4) kadın ve 62 (% 34.6) erkek olmak üzere toplam 179 kişi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Saldırganlık Davranış Ölçeği, Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği ve Maske Takma Davranışı Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgularımız maske takma davranışı ile öfke ve saldırganlık arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğunu, maske takma davranışı ile saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide öfkenin aracı rolü olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları Engellenme-Saldırganlık hipotezi bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Maske öfke saldırganlık bilişsel esneklik COVID-19

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

References

  • Altunkol, F. (2011). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bilişsel Esneklik ile Algılanan Stres Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi] Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Batova, T. (2022). To wear or not to wear: a commentary on mistrust in public comments to CDC tweets about mask-wearing during COVID19. International Journal of Business Communication, 59(2), 287-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294884211008584
  • Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59
  • Beversdorf, D. Q., Hughes, J. D., Steinberg, B. A., Lewis, L. D., ve Heilman, K. M. (1999). Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility in problem solving. Neuroreport, 10(13), 2763-2767. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199909090-00012
  • Bonanno, G.A., ve Burton C.L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6),591- 612. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116
  • Borah, T. J., Murray, A. L., Eisner, M., ve Jugl, I. (2018). Developing and validating an experience sampling measure of aggression: The Aggression-ES scale. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi:10.1177/0886260518812068
  • Boxall, H., Morgan, A., ve Brown, R. (2020). The prevalence of domestic violence among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australasian Policing, 12(3), 38-46.
  • Canas, J., Quesada, J., Antolí, A., ve Fajardo, I. (2003). Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46(5), 482-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013031000061640
  • Capraro, V., ve Barcelo, H. (2020). The effect of messaging and gender on intentions to wear a face covering to slow down COVID-19 transmission. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.05467. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.05467
  • Carbon, C. C. (2020). Wearing face masks strongly confuses counterparts in reading emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 566886. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566886
  • Cheng, C. (2001). Assessing coping flexibility in real-life and laboratory settings: a multimethod approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(5), 814. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.80. 5.814
  • Cluver, L., Lachman, J. M., Sherr, L., Wessels, I., Krug, E., Rakotomalala, S., ... ve McDonald, K. (2020). Parenting in a time of COVID-19. Lancet, 395(10231). doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30736-4 COVID-19 Fact Sheet: Workers Need Respirators. ACGIH. Retrived March 11, 2021 from https://www.acgih.org/covid-19-fact-sheet-worker-resp/
  • Çelik, D., Alpay, E. H., Celebi, B. ve Turkeli, A. (2021). Intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, post-traumatic stress symptoms and aggression during COVID-19: a serial mediation model. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1953790. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1953790
  • Çelik, H. ve Kocabıyık, O. O. (2014). Genç yetişkinlerin saldırganlık ifade biçimlerinin cinsiyet ve bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzları bağlamında incelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1) 139-155.
  • Deffenbacher, J. L. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral conceptualization and treatment of anger. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(2), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.12.004
  • Diril, A. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin sosyo-demografik değişkenler ve öfke düzeyi ile öfke ifade tarzları arasındaki ilişki açısından incelenmesi. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Dollard, J. Doob, L. W., Miller, N. E., Mowrer, O. H. ve Sears, R. R. (1998). Frustration and aggression. Routledge Press.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2020b, December 1). Mask use in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance. 22.08.2022 tarihinde https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337199 adresinden 22 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., ve Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender, 12(174), 9781410605245-12.
  • Ehring, T., Fuchs, N., ve Kläsener, I. (2009). The effects of experimentally induced rumination versus distraction on analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 40(4), 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.001
  • Genet, J. J., ve Siemer, M. (2011). Flexible control in processing affective and non-affective material predicts individual differences in trait resilience. Cognition and Emotion, 25(2), 380-388. https://doi.org/10. 1080/02699931.2010.491647
  • Hayes A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
  • Holliday, R., Rozek, D. C., Smith, N. B., McGarity, S., Jankovsky, M., ve Monteith, L. L. (2019). Safety planning to prevent suicidal self-directed violence among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Clinical considerations. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 50(4), 215–227. doi:10.1037/pro0000239
  • Humphreys, K. L., Myint, M. T., ve Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Increased risk for family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics, 146(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0982
  • Kalia, V., Fuesting, M., ve Cody, M. (2019). Perseverance in solving Sudoku: Role of grit and cognitive flexibility in problem solving. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 31(3), 370-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2019.1604527
  • Kalia, V., Knauft, K., ve Hayatbini, N. (2020). Cognitive flexibility and perceived threat from COVID-19 mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and state anxiety. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243881. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243881
  • Kashdan, T. B., ve Rottenberg, J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 865-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001
  • Kleim, B., Ehlers, A., ve Glucksman, E. (2007). Early predictors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in assault survivors. Psychological Medicine, 37(10), 1457-1467. doi:10. 1017/S0033291707001006
  • Krieglmeyer, R., Wittstadt, D., ve Strack, F. (2009). How attribution influences aggression: Answers to an old question by using an implicit measure of anger. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.10.003
  • Kulik, J. A., ve Brown, R. (1979). Frustration, attribution of blame, and aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15(2), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(79)90029-5
  • Martin, M. M., Anderson, C. M. ve Thweatt, K. S. (1998). Aggressive communication traits and their relationship with the cognitive flexibility scale and the communication flexibility scale. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(3), 34-45.
  • Martin, M. M., ve Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.623
  • Ochsner, K. N., ve Gross, J. J. (2007). The neural architecture of emotion regulation. Handbook of Emotion Regulation, 1(1), 87-109.
  • Okan ve Okan (2021). COVID-19 sürecinde maske takmaya ilişkin metaforik algıların incelenmesi ve maske takmanın psikolojik etkilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik nitel bir araştırma. II. Uluslararası Haliç Multidisipliner Bilimsel Araştırma Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Saydam, N. (2020) COVID-19 enfeksiyonunda epidemiyoloji ve korunma. Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 1-7.
  • Sharma, A., ve Borah, S. B. (2020). Covid-19 and domestic violence: an indirect path to social and economic crisis. Journal of Family Violence, 1-7.
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., ve Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
  • Spiro, R. J. ve Jehng, J. C. (1990). Cognitive flexibility and hypertext: Theory and technology for the nonlinear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. In Nix, D. ve Spiro, R. J., (Eds.), Cognition, education, and multimedia: Exploring ideas in high technology (s. 163-205) içinde. Erlbaum Press.
  • Stevens, A. D. (2009). Social problem-solving and cognitive flexibility: Relations to social skills and problem behavior of at-risk young children. [Doctoral thesis] Seattle Pacific University.
  • T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020, 30 Mayıs). COVID – 19 Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ adresinden 22 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Troy, A. S. Shallcross, A. J. ve Mauss, I. B. (2013). A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychological Science. 24 (12):2505–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613496434
  • Tuente, S. K., Bogaerts, S., ve Veling, W. (2019). Hostile attribution bias and aggression in adults-a systematic review. Aggression and violent behavior, 46, 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.01.009
  • Van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., ... ve Munster, V. J. (2020). Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England journal of medicine, 382(16), 1564-1567.
  • Whitmer, A. J., ve Banich, M. T. (2007). Inhibition versus switching deficits in different forms of rumination. Psychological Science, 18(6), 546-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01936.x
  • Wilson, C. G., Nusbaum, A. T., Whitney, P., ve Hinson, J. M. (2018). Trait anxiety impairs cognitive flexibility when overcoming a task acquired response and a preexisting bias. PloS One, 13(9), e0204694. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204694
  • Yam, J. Y. L., ve Ng, A. C. K. (2020). Basics of face masks and respirators. Anaesthesia.

Year 2024, Volume: 2024 Issue: 1, 76 - 95, 22.01.2024

İrem Döndar Tuğba Erdoğan Fatma Can

https://doi.org/10.55543/insan.1318140

Abstract

References

  • Altunkol, F. (2011). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bilişsel Esneklik ile Algılanan Stres Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi] Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Batova, T. (2022). To wear or not to wear: a commentary on mistrust in public comments to CDC tweets about mask-wearing during COVID19. International Journal of Business Communication, 59(2), 287-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294884211008584
  • Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59
  • Beversdorf, D. Q., Hughes, J. D., Steinberg, B. A., Lewis, L. D., ve Heilman, K. M. (1999). Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility in problem solving. Neuroreport, 10(13), 2763-2767. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199909090-00012
  • Bonanno, G.A., ve Burton C.L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6),591- 612. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116
  • Borah, T. J., Murray, A. L., Eisner, M., ve Jugl, I. (2018). Developing and validating an experience sampling measure of aggression: The Aggression-ES scale. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi:10.1177/0886260518812068
  • Boxall, H., Morgan, A., ve Brown, R. (2020). The prevalence of domestic violence among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australasian Policing, 12(3), 38-46.
  • Canas, J., Quesada, J., Antolí, A., ve Fajardo, I. (2003). Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46(5), 482-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013031000061640
  • Capraro, V., ve Barcelo, H. (2020). The effect of messaging and gender on intentions to wear a face covering to slow down COVID-19 transmission. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.05467. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.05467
  • Carbon, C. C. (2020). Wearing face masks strongly confuses counterparts in reading emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 566886. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566886
  • Cheng, C. (2001). Assessing coping flexibility in real-life and laboratory settings: a multimethod approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(5), 814. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.80. 5.814
  • Cluver, L., Lachman, J. M., Sherr, L., Wessels, I., Krug, E., Rakotomalala, S., ... ve McDonald, K. (2020). Parenting in a time of COVID-19. Lancet, 395(10231). doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30736-4 COVID-19 Fact Sheet: Workers Need Respirators. ACGIH. Retrived March 11, 2021 from https://www.acgih.org/covid-19-fact-sheet-worker-resp/
  • Çelik, D., Alpay, E. H., Celebi, B. ve Turkeli, A. (2021). Intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, post-traumatic stress symptoms and aggression during COVID-19: a serial mediation model. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1953790. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1953790
  • Çelik, H. ve Kocabıyık, O. O. (2014). Genç yetişkinlerin saldırganlık ifade biçimlerinin cinsiyet ve bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzları bağlamında incelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1) 139-155.
  • Deffenbacher, J. L. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral conceptualization and treatment of anger. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(2), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.12.004
  • Diril, A. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin sosyo-demografik değişkenler ve öfke düzeyi ile öfke ifade tarzları arasındaki ilişki açısından incelenmesi. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Dollard, J. Doob, L. W., Miller, N. E., Mowrer, O. H. ve Sears, R. R. (1998). Frustration and aggression. Routledge Press.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2020b, December 1). Mask use in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance. 22.08.2022 tarihinde https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337199 adresinden 22 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., ve Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender, 12(174), 9781410605245-12.
  • Ehring, T., Fuchs, N., ve Kläsener, I. (2009). The effects of experimentally induced rumination versus distraction on analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 40(4), 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.001
  • Genet, J. J., ve Siemer, M. (2011). Flexible control in processing affective and non-affective material predicts individual differences in trait resilience. Cognition and Emotion, 25(2), 380-388. https://doi.org/10. 1080/02699931.2010.491647
  • Hayes A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
  • Holliday, R., Rozek, D. C., Smith, N. B., McGarity, S., Jankovsky, M., ve Monteith, L. L. (2019). Safety planning to prevent suicidal self-directed violence among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Clinical considerations. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 50(4), 215–227. doi:10.1037/pro0000239
  • Humphreys, K. L., Myint, M. T., ve Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Increased risk for family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics, 146(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0982
  • Kalia, V., Fuesting, M., ve Cody, M. (2019). Perseverance in solving Sudoku: Role of grit and cognitive flexibility in problem solving. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 31(3), 370-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2019.1604527
  • Kalia, V., Knauft, K., ve Hayatbini, N. (2020). Cognitive flexibility and perceived threat from COVID-19 mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and state anxiety. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243881. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243881
  • Kashdan, T. B., ve Rottenberg, J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 865-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001
  • Kleim, B., Ehlers, A., ve Glucksman, E. (2007). Early predictors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in assault survivors. Psychological Medicine, 37(10), 1457-1467. doi:10. 1017/S0033291707001006
  • Krieglmeyer, R., Wittstadt, D., ve Strack, F. (2009). How attribution influences aggression: Answers to an old question by using an implicit measure of anger. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.10.003
  • Kulik, J. A., ve Brown, R. (1979). Frustration, attribution of blame, and aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15(2), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(79)90029-5
  • Martin, M. M., Anderson, C. M. ve Thweatt, K. S. (1998). Aggressive communication traits and their relationship with the cognitive flexibility scale and the communication flexibility scale. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(3), 34-45.
  • Martin, M. M., ve Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.623
  • Ochsner, K. N., ve Gross, J. J. (2007). The neural architecture of emotion regulation. Handbook of Emotion Regulation, 1(1), 87-109.
  • Okan ve Okan (2021). COVID-19 sürecinde maske takmaya ilişkin metaforik algıların incelenmesi ve maske takmanın psikolojik etkilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik nitel bir araştırma. II. Uluslararası Haliç Multidisipliner Bilimsel Araştırma Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Saydam, N. (2020) COVID-19 enfeksiyonunda epidemiyoloji ve korunma. Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 1-7.
  • Sharma, A., ve Borah, S. B. (2020). Covid-19 and domestic violence: an indirect path to social and economic crisis. Journal of Family Violence, 1-7.
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., ve Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
  • Spiro, R. J. ve Jehng, J. C. (1990). Cognitive flexibility and hypertext: Theory and technology for the nonlinear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. In Nix, D. ve Spiro, R. J., (Eds.), Cognition, education, and multimedia: Exploring ideas in high technology (s. 163-205) içinde. Erlbaum Press.
  • Stevens, A. D. (2009). Social problem-solving and cognitive flexibility: Relations to social skills and problem behavior of at-risk young children. [Doctoral thesis] Seattle Pacific University.
  • T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020, 30 Mayıs). COVID – 19 Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ adresinden 22 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Troy, A. S. Shallcross, A. J. ve Mauss, I. B. (2013). A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychological Science. 24 (12):2505–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613496434
  • Tuente, S. K., Bogaerts, S., ve Veling, W. (2019). Hostile attribution bias and aggression in adults-a systematic review. Aggression and violent behavior, 46, 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.01.009
  • Van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., ... ve Munster, V. J. (2020). Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England journal of medicine, 382(16), 1564-1567.
  • Whitmer, A. J., ve Banich, M. T. (2007). Inhibition versus switching deficits in different forms of rumination. Psychological Science, 18(6), 546-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01936.x
  • Wilson, C. G., Nusbaum, A. T., Whitney, P., ve Hinson, J. M. (2018). Trait anxiety impairs cognitive flexibility when overcoming a task acquired response and a preexisting bias. PloS One, 13(9), e0204694. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204694
  • Yam, J. Y. L., ve Ng, A. C. K. (2020). Basics of face masks and respirators. Anaesthesia.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İrem Döndar 0009-0007-3742-739X

Tuğba Erdoğan 0009-0008-2240-0765

Fatma Can 0000-0003-0992-5459

Early Pub Date January 22, 2024
Publication Date January 22, 2024
Submission Date June 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 2024 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Döndar, İ., Erdoğan, T., & Can, F. (2024). Maske Takma Davranışının, Saldırganlık ve Bilişsel Esneklik Açısından İncelenmesi. Dünya İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 2024(1), 76-95. https://doi.org/10.55543/insan.1318140
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