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What did Türkiye do in terms of export competitiveness after 2000?

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 119 - 149, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1390704

Abstract

Competitiveness relates to an economy's ability to produce products efficiently and effectively, enabling it to compete in domestic and global markets. It encompasses factors such as productivity, innovation, quality, cost-efficiency, and market access. Competitive economies are more likely to attract investment, create jobs, and achieve higher levels of economic development. Especially competitiveness rankings provide opportunity of benchmarking, effective policy guidance, attractive investment, global comparison and eveluation. In this respect, this study has been conducted to examine Turkey's export structure in the period 2001-2021 within the framework of Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System and to compare its competitiveness with the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA). The data used to calculate the RSCA values are taken from TradeMap, the database of the International Trade Centre (ITC). The comparison was made with Turkey's highest trading partners, the countries with the largest share in Turkey's export. While Turkey had RSCA in 37 products in 2001, it increased to 45 products in 2021. Similar to Podoba et al. (2021), product groups are categorised according to observable trends in RSCA values. In 2001, 5 products with RSCA decreased, and in 2021, 12 products with comparative advantage replaced them

Ethical Statement

I declare that the study does not require ethics committee permission

References

  • Acar, F. (2013). Overview of The Turkish economy (2001-2013). Labour World, 1(2), 15-32, available at: https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=1680ce01-4561-4e42-b1ed-a51e9cd7345c%40redis
  • Akdeniz, G., & Kantar, A. (2022). Analysis of honey export potential and competitiveness of Türkiye. Bee Studies, 14(2), 55-61, http://doi.org/10.51458/BSTD.2022.29.
  • Başkol, M. O., & Bektaş, S. (2021). Product mapping of Turkey’s iron and steel industry: an analysis with the Widodo Method. Journal of Administrative Sciences, 19 (Special Issue), 57-84, https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.973529.
  • Bakkalci, A. C. (2018). Analysis of Turkish textile sector in the global economic system with product mapping model. Journal of Management and Economic, 25(3), 569-585, https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.410347
  • Bashimov, G. (2017). Analysis of export from the perspective of revealed comparative advantages in MINT countries: case study of agricultural food products. Giresun University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 3(6), 235-253. available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/guiibd/issue/51748/672036.
  • Bashimov, G. (2020). Determining the competitive level of ceramic industry of Turkey. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 9(1), 68-83, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eyad/issue/57401/813575.
  • Cele, L. P., Hennessy, T., & Thorne, F. (2022). Evaluating farm and export competitiveness of the Irish dairy industry: post-quota analysis. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 32(7), 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11-2020-0136
  • Dalum, B., Laursen, K., & Villumsen, G. (1998). Structural change in OECD export specialisation patterns: de-specialisation and ‘stickiness’. International Review of Applied Economics, 12(3), 423-443, https://doi.org/10.1080/02692179800000017
  • Dirsehan, T. (2015). Classifying countries according to their export competitiveness: the position of Turkey as an emerging economy. AJIT-e: Academic Journal of Information Technology, 6(21), 71-94, https://doi.org/10.5824/1309-1581.2015.4.005.x
  • Duru, S., Hayran, S. & Gul, A. (2022). Production of stone fruit in Turkey and evaluation of competitiveness power on export. Journal of Ataturk Horticultural Central Research Institute, 51(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1019023.
  • Erkan, B., & Sarıçoban, K. (2014). Comparative analysis of the competitiveness in the export of science-based goods regarding Turkey and the EU+ 13 countries. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5, 8(1), 117-130, available at: https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_5_No_8_1_July_2014/13.pdf.
  • Eroglu, G. & Sahiner, M. (2018). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de alüminyum raporu, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Fizibilite Etütleri Daire Bakanlığı, 1-23, available at: https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/sayfalar/bilgi-merkezi/maden-serisi/aluminyum.pdf.
  • Ersoz, T., Dugenci, M., Unver, M. & Eyiol, B. (2015). A general overview of the iron and steel sector and an examination of over five million tons of iron and steel exporting countries by the cluster analysis, Nevsehir Journal of Science and Technology, 4(2), 75-90, http://dx.doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210941.
  • Herciu, M. (2013). Measuring international competitiveness of Romania by using porter's diamond and revealed comparative advantage. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 273-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00140-8
  • Gorynia, M. (2019). Competition and globalisation in economic sciences. selected aspects. Economics and Business Review, Vol. 5 (19), No. 3, 2019: 118-133 https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2019.3.7
  • Gürpınar, K. & Barca, M. (2007). “Determining the level of international competitive advantage of Turkish furniture industry and its sources”, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2(2): 41-61, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/oguiibf/issue/56506/785826.
  • Kadakoğlu, B. , Karlı, B. & Bayav, A. (2022). Development of fig production and global competitiveness analysis. Fruit Science, 9 (2), 39-47, https://doi.org/10.51532/meyve.1184717
  • Kantur, Ç., & Türkekul, B. (2023). Comparative advantage of yarn and weaving ındustries: evidence for Türkiye and top exporters. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Ahead of Print, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0003.
  • Kathuria, L.M. (2018), "Comparative advantages in clothing exports: India faces threat from competing nations", Competitiveness Review, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 518-540, https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-01-2017-0010
  • Kavacık, M. (2021), “Açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük endeksi çerçevesinde Türkiye’nin E7 ülkeleri içerisindeki uluslararası rekabet gücü son 10 yılda Türkiye ihracatında en fazla paya sahip olan ilk beş fasıl üzerine bir inceleme”, Book of Proceeding 14th International Congress on Social Studies with Recent Researches, Recent Academic Studies, ISBN: 978-605-74907-8-0, pp. 1111–1122.
  • Kavacık, M. (2022). Türk çimento sektörünün karşılaştırmalı üstünlük çerçevesinde rekabet gücü analizi: 2012-2021 dönemi, Benli, T. (Ed.), Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Araştırmaları, Hiperyayın, İstanbul, 71-102.
  • Kesgingöz, H. (2018). The analysis of turkish agricultural sector by comparative advantage method. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(2), 508–523. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i2.267
  • Kılıçarslan, Z. (2021). Comparative analysis of the competitiveness in the steel sector: the case of top 10 steel-producing countries, Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, (60): 755-773, https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.971378.
  • Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of ınternational specialization, Eurasian Business Review, 5(1), 99-115. https://10.1007/s40821-015-0017-1.
  • OECD. (2018). Turkey Export Review 2018. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Orkunoglu Sahin, I. F. Türkiye’nin 1980-2021 dönemi dış ticaret gelişiminin irdelenmesi. Gümrük ve Ticaret Dergisi, 9 (27), 82-99, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gumrukticaretdergisi/issue/69206/1078322.
  • Podoba, Z. S., Gorshkov, V. A., & Ozerova, A. A. (2021). Japan's export specialization in 2000–2020. Asia and the Global Economy, 1 (2), 100014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aglobe.2021.100014
  • Sahin, D. (2016a). Analysis of foreign trade of forest based sectors in Turkey. Journal of Bitlis Eren University Institute of Social Sciences, Vol: 5, No: 3(Supplement), 181-196. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bitlissos/issue/45109/563789.
  • Sahin, D. (2016b). Analysis of foreign trade structure of Turkey’s furniture industry. Journal of Life Economics, 3(3), 7-26, https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.135.
  • Topcu, Y. E. (2022). “The comparative advantages in the wooden furniture industry: does the export price matter?”. Competitiveness Review, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-03-2022-0045.
  • Tufekci, H. & Olfaz, M. (2014). Alternative uses of wool, Journal of Bahri Dagdas Animal Research, 1(1-2), 18-28, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bdhad/issue/35001/388340
  • UIB, (2021). Türkiye otomotiv sektörü raporu, Uludağ İhracatçılar Birlikleri Genel Sekreterliği AR-GE Şubesi, available at: https://uib.org.tr/tr/kbfile/turkiye-otomotiv-endustrisi-raporu.
  • Widodo, T. (2009). Comparative advantage: theory, empirical measures and case studies, Review of Economic And Business Studies, Issue 4, November, 57-82, available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6605435.pdf
  • Yıldız, A. (2022). Uluslararası pazarlarda rekabet stratejileri ve Türkiye’nin sebze ürünleri pazarında karşılaştırmalı rekabet gücü analizi: 2002-2020 dönemi. Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Araştırmaları içinde kitap bölümü (Ed. Tahir Benli) Bölüm: 4, s. 103-132. Hiperyayın: İstanbul, available at: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=98afEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT97&ots=8ZsV1KoR01&sig=izB4qRsuu1aD-YPSSM-tGdgkefw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=true
Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 119 - 149, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1390704

Abstract

References

  • Acar, F. (2013). Overview of The Turkish economy (2001-2013). Labour World, 1(2), 15-32, available at: https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=1680ce01-4561-4e42-b1ed-a51e9cd7345c%40redis
  • Akdeniz, G., & Kantar, A. (2022). Analysis of honey export potential and competitiveness of Türkiye. Bee Studies, 14(2), 55-61, http://doi.org/10.51458/BSTD.2022.29.
  • Başkol, M. O., & Bektaş, S. (2021). Product mapping of Turkey’s iron and steel industry: an analysis with the Widodo Method. Journal of Administrative Sciences, 19 (Special Issue), 57-84, https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.973529.
  • Bakkalci, A. C. (2018). Analysis of Turkish textile sector in the global economic system with product mapping model. Journal of Management and Economic, 25(3), 569-585, https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.410347
  • Bashimov, G. (2017). Analysis of export from the perspective of revealed comparative advantages in MINT countries: case study of agricultural food products. Giresun University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 3(6), 235-253. available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/guiibd/issue/51748/672036.
  • Bashimov, G. (2020). Determining the competitive level of ceramic industry of Turkey. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 9(1), 68-83, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eyad/issue/57401/813575.
  • Cele, L. P., Hennessy, T., & Thorne, F. (2022). Evaluating farm and export competitiveness of the Irish dairy industry: post-quota analysis. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 32(7), 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11-2020-0136
  • Dalum, B., Laursen, K., & Villumsen, G. (1998). Structural change in OECD export specialisation patterns: de-specialisation and ‘stickiness’. International Review of Applied Economics, 12(3), 423-443, https://doi.org/10.1080/02692179800000017
  • Dirsehan, T. (2015). Classifying countries according to their export competitiveness: the position of Turkey as an emerging economy. AJIT-e: Academic Journal of Information Technology, 6(21), 71-94, https://doi.org/10.5824/1309-1581.2015.4.005.x
  • Duru, S., Hayran, S. & Gul, A. (2022). Production of stone fruit in Turkey and evaluation of competitiveness power on export. Journal of Ataturk Horticultural Central Research Institute, 51(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1019023.
  • Erkan, B., & Sarıçoban, K. (2014). Comparative analysis of the competitiveness in the export of science-based goods regarding Turkey and the EU+ 13 countries. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5, 8(1), 117-130, available at: https://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_5_No_8_1_July_2014/13.pdf.
  • Eroglu, G. & Sahiner, M. (2018). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de alüminyum raporu, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Fizibilite Etütleri Daire Bakanlığı, 1-23, available at: https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/sayfalar/bilgi-merkezi/maden-serisi/aluminyum.pdf.
  • Ersoz, T., Dugenci, M., Unver, M. & Eyiol, B. (2015). A general overview of the iron and steel sector and an examination of over five million tons of iron and steel exporting countries by the cluster analysis, Nevsehir Journal of Science and Technology, 4(2), 75-90, http://dx.doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210941.
  • Herciu, M. (2013). Measuring international competitiveness of Romania by using porter's diamond and revealed comparative advantage. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 273-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00140-8
  • Gorynia, M. (2019). Competition and globalisation in economic sciences. selected aspects. Economics and Business Review, Vol. 5 (19), No. 3, 2019: 118-133 https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2019.3.7
  • Gürpınar, K. & Barca, M. (2007). “Determining the level of international competitive advantage of Turkish furniture industry and its sources”, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2(2): 41-61, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/oguiibf/issue/56506/785826.
  • Kadakoğlu, B. , Karlı, B. & Bayav, A. (2022). Development of fig production and global competitiveness analysis. Fruit Science, 9 (2), 39-47, https://doi.org/10.51532/meyve.1184717
  • Kantur, Ç., & Türkekul, B. (2023). Comparative advantage of yarn and weaving ındustries: evidence for Türkiye and top exporters. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Ahead of Print, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0003.
  • Kathuria, L.M. (2018), "Comparative advantages in clothing exports: India faces threat from competing nations", Competitiveness Review, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 518-540, https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-01-2017-0010
  • Kavacık, M. (2021), “Açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük endeksi çerçevesinde Türkiye’nin E7 ülkeleri içerisindeki uluslararası rekabet gücü son 10 yılda Türkiye ihracatında en fazla paya sahip olan ilk beş fasıl üzerine bir inceleme”, Book of Proceeding 14th International Congress on Social Studies with Recent Researches, Recent Academic Studies, ISBN: 978-605-74907-8-0, pp. 1111–1122.
  • Kavacık, M. (2022). Türk çimento sektörünün karşılaştırmalı üstünlük çerçevesinde rekabet gücü analizi: 2012-2021 dönemi, Benli, T. (Ed.), Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Araştırmaları, Hiperyayın, İstanbul, 71-102.
  • Kesgingöz, H. (2018). The analysis of turkish agricultural sector by comparative advantage method. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(2), 508–523. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i2.267
  • Kılıçarslan, Z. (2021). Comparative analysis of the competitiveness in the steel sector: the case of top 10 steel-producing countries, Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, (60): 755-773, https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.971378.
  • Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of ınternational specialization, Eurasian Business Review, 5(1), 99-115. https://10.1007/s40821-015-0017-1.
  • OECD. (2018). Turkey Export Review 2018. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Orkunoglu Sahin, I. F. Türkiye’nin 1980-2021 dönemi dış ticaret gelişiminin irdelenmesi. Gümrük ve Ticaret Dergisi, 9 (27), 82-99, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gumrukticaretdergisi/issue/69206/1078322.
  • Podoba, Z. S., Gorshkov, V. A., & Ozerova, A. A. (2021). Japan's export specialization in 2000–2020. Asia and the Global Economy, 1 (2), 100014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aglobe.2021.100014
  • Sahin, D. (2016a). Analysis of foreign trade of forest based sectors in Turkey. Journal of Bitlis Eren University Institute of Social Sciences, Vol: 5, No: 3(Supplement), 181-196. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bitlissos/issue/45109/563789.
  • Sahin, D. (2016b). Analysis of foreign trade structure of Turkey’s furniture industry. Journal of Life Economics, 3(3), 7-26, https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.135.
  • Topcu, Y. E. (2022). “The comparative advantages in the wooden furniture industry: does the export price matter?”. Competitiveness Review, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-03-2022-0045.
  • Tufekci, H. & Olfaz, M. (2014). Alternative uses of wool, Journal of Bahri Dagdas Animal Research, 1(1-2), 18-28, available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bdhad/issue/35001/388340
  • UIB, (2021). Türkiye otomotiv sektörü raporu, Uludağ İhracatçılar Birlikleri Genel Sekreterliği AR-GE Şubesi, available at: https://uib.org.tr/tr/kbfile/turkiye-otomotiv-endustrisi-raporu.
  • Widodo, T. (2009). Comparative advantage: theory, empirical measures and case studies, Review of Economic And Business Studies, Issue 4, November, 57-82, available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6605435.pdf
  • Yıldız, A. (2022). Uluslararası pazarlarda rekabet stratejileri ve Türkiye’nin sebze ürünleri pazarında karşılaştırmalı rekabet gücü analizi: 2002-2020 dönemi. Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Araştırmaları içinde kitap bölümü (Ed. Tahir Benli) Bölüm: 4, s. 103-132. Hiperyayın: İstanbul, available at: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=98afEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT97&ots=8ZsV1KoR01&sig=izB4qRsuu1aD-YPSSM-tGdgkefw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=true
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Economics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Kavacık 0000-0003-3782-8154

Early Pub Date January 1, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date November 14, 2023
Acceptance Date December 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kavacık, M. (2023). What did Türkiye do in terms of export competitiveness after 2000?. InTraders International Trade Academic Journal, 6(2), 119-149. https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1390704