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COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 695 - 707, 31.12.2020

Mehmet Halil M Bektaş Kamuran Reçber

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.799863

Abstract

Coğrafyadan bağımsız olarak olağanüstü koşullarda normal zamanlarda olmazsa olmaz özellik atfedilen kaideler dahi askıya alınabilmektedir. Bu sebeple, olağanüstü durumlarda toplumların özellikle insan haklarını koruma mekanizmalarının etkinliği test edilir. Yeni koronavirüs salgını (COVID-19) tüm dünyada insanların günlük yaşamına emsali görülmemiş olumsuz bir etki bırakmış, Avrupa devletleri de bu süreçte çeşitli tedbirlere başvurarak bazı temel kişisel hürriyetlere kısıtlamalar getirmiştir. Salgının hızla yayılıp kayıpların ciddi boyutlara ulaştığı İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya ve İspanya gibi Avrupa ülkelerinde sağlık altyapıları yetersiz kalmış ve kısıtlı sağlık imkânlarının tahsisinde yaşama şansı yüksek olan hastalara öncelik tanıyan “önceliklendirme” uygulamasına gidilmiştir. Lakin bu uygulama, sağlık hizmetlerinden mahrum bırakılan hastaların yaşama hakkının ihlal edildiğine dair tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Mevcut çalışma, “önceliklendirme” uygulamasını Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin (AİHS) ilgili düzenlemeleri ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM) içtihadı açısından ele alarak, bu uygulamadan dolayı sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan mahrumiyetin yaşama hakkını ihlal edip etmediğini ve bu sebeple ilgili Avrupa devletlerine sorumluluk isnat edilip edilmeyeceğini incelemiştir.

Keywords

COVID-19 Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Yaşama Hakkı Sağlık Hizmeti Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi

References

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  • MCDONALD, Samuel Miller: “We Can't Let the Coronavirus Lead to a 9/11-Style Erosion of Civil Liberties” The Guardian, March 23, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/23/coronavirus-civil-liberties-authoritarian-measures, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2020).
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ASSESSING THE LINK BETWEEN LIMITED ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN EUROPE DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 695 - 707, 31.12.2020

Mehmet Halil M Bektaş Kamuran Reçber

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.799863

Abstract

Regardless of geography, when exceptional circumstances arise states can introduce emergency laws that can even derogate from some absolute rules. The outbreak of COVID-19 poses an unprecedented impact on people’s daily life around the world. All EU Member States have put in place a raft of measures that affect many fundamental rights in an effort to contain the spread of the virus. After the death toll has begun to spiral out of control in some European states such as UK, France, Italy, and Spain, the implementation of the prioritisation in the allocation of limited health care resources has become an inevitable fact. Yet, the prioritisation leads de-prioritisation of older patients affected by the virus and patients with critical conditions, such as cancer. It is thus argued that the prioritisation puts the right to life at risk. This article assesses the implementation of prioritization in terms of relevant clauses of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The article explores whether there is a violation of right to life due to de-prioritisation and whether there is sufficient reason for attributing responsibility to foregoing European states for the implementation of prioritisation.

Keywords

COVID-19 European Convention on Human Rights Right to Life European Court of Human Rights Healthcare

References

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  • ARSAVA, Ayşe Füsun: “ATAD’nın Hukuk Yaratma Yetkisi”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF, 54(3), 1999, s.13-28. Avrupa Birliği Türkiye Delegasyonu: “Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Bildirgesi”, https://www.avrupa.info.tr/tr/avrupa-birligi-temel-haklar-bildirgesi-708#:~:text=Avrupa%20halklar%C4%B1%2C%20aralar%C4%B1nda%20daha%20yak%C4%B1n,ve%20dayan%C4%B1%C5%9Fma%20%C3%BCzerine%20in%C5%9Fa%20edilmi%C5%9Ftir., (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2020).
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  • DUVAN, Ayşe Özkan: “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi 2. Maddesi Çerçevesinde Yaşama Hakkının Korunmasında Devletin Yükümlülüğü”, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 24(2), 2018, s.660-681.
  • EKMEKÇİ, Perihan Elif/ARDA, Berna: “Temel Etik Kuramlar Açısından Adalet ve Sağlık Hakkı Kavramlarının Değerlendirmesi”, Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Etiği-Hukuku-Tarihi Dergisi, 23, 2015, s.6-21.
  • GAURIAT, Valérie: “The Deadly Impact of COVID-19 on Europe's Care Homes”, Euronews, Mayıs 14, 2020, https://www.euronews.com/2020/05/08/the-deadly-impact-of-covid-19-on-europe-s-care-home, (Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2020).
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  • GULLAND, Anne: “Coronavirus: Doctors Warn of Shortage of Critical Care Beds”, Telegraph, Şubat 28, 2020, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/coronavirus-doctors-warn-shortage-critical-care-beds/, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2020).
  • HIRSCH, Cornelius: “Europe’s Coronavirus Lockdown Measures Compared”, POLITICO, Nisan 15, 2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/europes-coronavirus-lockdown-measures-compared/, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2020).
  • ION, Mari Jeanne: “Coronavirus in Europe: Scramble for Face Masks and Medical Supplies Sends Prices Soaring”, Euronews, Nisan 16 2020, https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/15/coronavirus-in-europe-scramble-for-face-masks-and-medical-supplies-sends-prices-soaring, (Erişim Tarihi: 16.04.2020).
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  • JONES, Sam: “Spain: Doctors Struggle to Cope as 514 Die from Coronavirus in a Day”. The Guardian, Mart 24, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/24/spain-doctors-lack-protection-coronavirus-covid-19, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2020).
  • MAROCHINI, Maša: “Council of Europe and the Right to Healthcare- Is The European Convention on Human Rights Appropriate Instrument for Protecting the Right to Healthcare?”, Zb. Prav. Fak. Sveuc. Rij, 34, 2013, s.729-760.
  • MCDONALD, Samuel Miller: “We Can't Let the Coronavirus Lead to a 9/11-Style Erosion of Civil Liberties” The Guardian, March 23, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/23/coronavirus-civil-liberties-authoritarian-measures, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2020).
  • MEER, Nasar: “Overcrowded Refugee Camps Risk Covid-19 Tragedy”, The University of Edinburgh, Nisan 21, 2020, https://www.ed.ac.uk/covid-19-response/expert-insights/overcrowded-refugee-camps-risk-covid-19, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2020).
  • METİN, Yüksel: “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin Yaşamın ve Sağlığın Korunması ile İlgili Olarak Taraf Devletlere Yüklediği Pozitif Yükümlülükler”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 7(27), 2010, s.111-132.
  • MONELLA, Lillo Montalto: “Coronavirus: Italy Doctors Forced to Prioritise ICU Care for Patients with Best Chance of Survival”, Euoronews, Mart 13, 2020, https://www.euronews.com/2020/03/12/coronavirus-italy-doctors-forced-to-prioritise-icu-care-for-patients-with-best-chance-of-s, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2020).
  • MONELLA, Lillo Montalto: “Coronavirus: Italy Doctors Forced To Prioritise ICU Care for Patients with Best Chance of Survival”, Euronews, 13 Mart 13, 2020, https://www.euronews.com/2020/03/12/coronavirus-italy-doctors-forced-to-prioritise-icu-care-for-patients-with-best-chance-of-s, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • MOUNK, Yascha: “The Extraordinary Decisions Facing Italian Doctors”, The Atlantic, Mart 11, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/who-gets-hospital-bed/607807/, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2020).
  • MOWBRAY, Alastair: The Development of Positive Obligations Under the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004.
  • ORECCHIO-EGRESITZ, Haven: “A Shortage of Medical Supplies and Hospital Beds in Italy”. Business Insider, Mart 10, 2020, https://www.businessinsider.com/italys-doctors-are-forced-to-prioritize-saving-the-young-2020-3, (Erişim tarihi: 25.04.2020).
  • PARKER, Joshua/MIRZAALI, Mikaeil: “The Moral Cost of Coronavirus”, Journal of Medical Ethics, Mart 16, 2020, https://blogs.bmj.com/medical-ethics/2020/03/16/the-moral-cost-of-coronavirus/, (Erişim tarihi: 02.05.2020).
  • REÇBER, Kamuran: Uluslararası Hukuk, 3. Baskı, Dora Yayınları, Bursa, 2018.
  • RIEDER, Clemens M.: “The Application and Interpretation of the EU Charter in the Context of Cross-Border Movement of Patients”, Columbia Journal of European Law, 22(3), 2017, s.451-482.
  • RUSINOVA, Nadia: “COVID-19 and the Right to Respect for Family Life under Article 8 ECHR”, The European Association of Private International Law, June 1, 2020, https://eapil.org/2020/06/01/the-interplay-between-covid-19-and-the-right-to-respect-for-family-life-under-article-8-echr/, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2020).
  • RUSSELL, Jago: “Covid-19 in Europe's Prisons - and the Response”, EUOBSERVER, Mayıs 18, 2020, https://euobserver.com/opinion/148385, (Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2020).
  • SAMANTA, Ash/SAMANTA, Jo: “The Human Rights Act 1998-Why Should it Matter for Medical Practice?”, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 98(9), 2005, s.404-410.
  • TESSMAN, Lisa: When Doing the Right Thing is Impossible, Oxford Univeristy Press, 2017. The Report of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights: “Coronavirus pandemic in the EU - Fundamental Rights Implications - Bulletin 1”, 2020, https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2020-coronavirus-pandemic-eu-bulletin_en.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2020).
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There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Halil M Bektaş 0000-0003-1733-6339

Kamuran Reçber 0000-0001-7388-479X

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date September 25, 2020
Acceptance Date December 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bektaş, M. H. M., & Reçber, K. (2020). COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 695-707. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.799863
AMA Bektaş MHM, Reçber K. COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ. InULR. December 2020;11(2):695-707. doi:10.21492/inuhfd.799863
Chicago Bektaş, Mehmet Halil M, and Kamuran Reçber. “COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11, no. 2 (December 2020): 695-707. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.799863.
EndNote Bektaş MHM, Reçber K (December 1, 2020) COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11 2 695–707.
IEEE M. H. M. Bektaş and K. Reçber, “COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ”, InULR, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 695–707, 2020, doi: 10.21492/inuhfd.799863.
ISNAD Bektaş, Mehmet Halil M - Reçber, Kamuran. “COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11/2 (December 2020), 695-707. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.799863.
JAMA Bektaş MHM, Reçber K. COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ. InULR. 2020;11:695–707.
MLA Bektaş, Mehmet Halil M and Kamuran Reçber. “COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2020, pp. 695-07, doi:10.21492/inuhfd.799863.
Vancouver Bektaş MHM, Reçber K. COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ. InULR. 2020;11(2):695-707.
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