ANALYSIS WOMEN, PEACE, AND SECURITY AGENDA RESOLUTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL IN THE CONTEXT OF FEMINISM
Abstract
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted Resolution 1325 unanimously due to the feminist movements’ pressures and efforts. The resolution aimed to establish a global model for both protecting women from violence and making them visible by ensuring their participation in conflict resolution and peace processes in war and peace. An area/agenda named Women, Peace, and Security with ten UNSC resolutions following Resolution 1325. Its agenda includes inclusive participation, maintenance of peace, and gender protection in terms of conflict prevention, preservation, relief, and recovery. Many states, as well as organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union, integrate the agenda of Women, Peace, and Security into their policies with their action plans. However, considering the developments until 2022 that have also been affected by the pandemic, it may be observed that women are still rather underrepresented in the peace process both as decision-makers and practitioners and vulnerable to sexual harassment in case of conflict, which may be seen in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine War. This study addresses the objectives of UNSC’s resolutions in the framework of the agenda of Women, Peace, and Security and their obligations on the member states considering their deficiencies and controversies in the context of the feminist security approach.
Keywords
Women Peace Security United Nations Security Council Feminism
References
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- Aydın Koyuncu, Ç. (2012) “Feminist Uluslararası İlişkiler Yaklaşımları Açısından Güvenlik Konusunun Analizi”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 67(1): 111-139.
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- Bjarnegård, Elin, Brounéus, Karen ve Melander, Erik (2017) "Honor and political violence", Journal of Peace Research, 54 (6): 748–761.
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- Blanchard, E. M. (2003) “Gender, International Relations, and the Development of Feminist Security Theory”, Signs, 28(4): 1289–1312.
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- Cockburn, C. (2011) “Snagged On the Contradiction: NATO, UNSC Resolution 1325, and Feminist Responses”, Women in Action.
- Dünya Bankası (1993) World Development Report: Investing in Health, New York, Oxford University Press.
- Gardam, Judith ve Hilary Charlesworth (2000) “Protection of women in armed conflict”, Human Rights Quarterly, 22 (1): 148-166.
- Gasztold, Aleksandra (2017) “A Feminist Approach to Security Studies”, Przegląd Politologiczny, 3: 179–190.
- Graubart, Jonathan (2008) “NGOs and the Security Council: authority all around but for whose benefit?”, içinde eds. Bruce Cronin and Ian Hurd, The UN Security Council and the Politics of International Authority: 154-172, London, Routledge.
- Guterres, Antonio (2020) Put women and girls at the centre of efforts to recover from COVID-19. https://www.un.org/en/un-coronavirus-communications-team/put-women-and-girls-centre-efforts-recover-covid-19. (E.T. 12.09.2020).
- Heathcote, Gina. (2018) “Security Council Resolution 2242 on Women, Peace and Security: Progressive Gains or Dangerous Development?”, Global Society, 32 (4): 374-394.
- Hudson, V. M., M. Caprioli, B. Ballif-Spanvill, R. McDermott ve C. F. Emmett (2008) “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States”, International Security, 33(3): 7-45.
- Janis, I. L. (1989) Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Crisis Management, New York, The Free Press.
- Jansson, M. ve M. Eduards (2016) “The Politics of Gender in the UN Security Council Resolutions on Women, Peace and Security”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 18(4): 590-604.
- Krisch, Nico (2008) “The Security Council and the Great Powers”. içinde V. Lowe et al., eds, The United Nations Security Council and war: 133-153, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Luck, E. C. (2008) “A Council for All Seasons: The Creation of the Security Council and Its Relevance Today”. içinde eds. Vaughan Lowe, Adam Roberts, Jennifer Welsh, and Dominik Zaum, The UN Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice Since 1945: 62-85, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
FEMİNİZM BAĞLAMINDA BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ’NİN KADIN, BARIŞ VE GÜVENLİK GÜNDEMİ KARARLARININ ANALİZİ
Abstract
2000 yılında, küresel çapta feminist hareketlerin baskı ve çabalarıyla Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nde 1325 sayılı karar oybirliğiyle kabul edilmiştir. Bu karar savaş ve barışta kadınların, çatışmaların çözümü ve barış süreçlerine katılımlarını sağlayarak, hem şiddetten korunmalarını hem de görünür kılınmalarını mümkün kılacak bir küresel model kurmayı hedeflemiştir. 1325 sayılı kararın sonrasında tesis edilen on Güvenlik Konseyi kararıyla birlikte Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik başlıklı bir alan/gündem inşa edilmiştir. Bu alan katılım, çatışmayı önleme, koruma, yardım ve iyileşme boyutları çerçevesinde cinsel şiddetle mücadele, barışın korunması, kapsayıcı katılım gibi konuları temel alan bir gündem içermektedir. Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik gündemini çok sayıda devletin yanı sıra NATO, AB gibi örgütler de eylem planlarıyla politikalarına entegre etmektedirler. Ancak pandemi koşullarının da etkisiyle içinde bulunduğumuz 2022 yılına kadar ki gelişmeleri dikkate aldığımızda, kadınların hala barış sürecinde gerek karar verici gerek uygulayıcı olarak son derece az temsil edildikleri, Ukrayna savaşı örneğinde olduğu gibi çatışma ortamında cinsel şiddete maruz kalmaya devam ettikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik gündemi temelinde Güvenlik Konseyi kararları ortaya koydukları hedefler, üye devletlere zorunlu kıldığı uygulamaların yanı sıra eksiklikleri ve tartışmalı noktalarıyla birlikte feminist güvenlik yaklaşımı temelinde analiz edilecektir.
References
- Akgül, Ç. (2011) Militarizmin Cinsiyetçi Suretleri Devlet Ordu ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Dipnot Yayınları.
- Aydın Koyuncu, Ç. (2012) “Feminist Uluslararası İlişkiler Yaklaşımları Açısından Güvenlik Konusunun Analizi”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 67(1): 111-139.
- Barnes, K. (2011) “The Evolution and Implementation of UNSCR 1325” içinde Olonisakin, F. (der.) Women, Peace and Security: Translating Policy into Practice: 15-33, Londra, Routledge.
- Basu, Soumita (2016) “Gender as National Interest at the Un Security Council”, International Affairs, 92: 2: 255–273.
- Bjarnegård, Elin, Brounéus, Karen ve Melander, Erik (2017) "Honor and political violence", Journal of Peace Research, 54 (6): 748–761.
- Bjarnegård, Elin ve Erik Melander (2017) “What does a feminist foreign policy have to do with men?", LSE Women, Peace and Security blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/wps/2017/06/08/what-does-a-feminist-foreign-policy-have-to-do-with-men/ (E.T. 21.09.2022)
- Blanchard, E. M. (2003) “Gender, International Relations, and the Development of Feminist Security Theory”, Signs, 28(4): 1289–1312.
- Booth K. (1991) “Security and Emancipation”, Review of International Studies, 17(4): 313-326.
- Carpenter, R. Charli (2006) "Recognizing Gender-Based Violence Against Civilian Men and Boys in Conflict Situations", Security Dialogue, 37 (1): 83-103.
- Cockburn, C. (2009) Buradan Baktığımızda Kadınların Militarizme Karşı Mücadelesi, 1.Baskı, çev. Füsun Özlen, İstanbul, Metis Yayınları.
- Cockburn, C. (2011) “Snagged On the Contradiction: NATO, UNSC Resolution 1325, and Feminist Responses”, Women in Action.
- Dünya Bankası (1993) World Development Report: Investing in Health, New York, Oxford University Press.
- Gardam, Judith ve Hilary Charlesworth (2000) “Protection of women in armed conflict”, Human Rights Quarterly, 22 (1): 148-166.
- Gasztold, Aleksandra (2017) “A Feminist Approach to Security Studies”, Przegląd Politologiczny, 3: 179–190.
- Graubart, Jonathan (2008) “NGOs and the Security Council: authority all around but for whose benefit?”, içinde eds. Bruce Cronin and Ian Hurd, The UN Security Council and the Politics of International Authority: 154-172, London, Routledge.
- Guterres, Antonio (2020) Put women and girls at the centre of efforts to recover from COVID-19. https://www.un.org/en/un-coronavirus-communications-team/put-women-and-girls-centre-efforts-recover-covid-19. (E.T. 12.09.2020).
- Heathcote, Gina. (2018) “Security Council Resolution 2242 on Women, Peace and Security: Progressive Gains or Dangerous Development?”, Global Society, 32 (4): 374-394.
- Hudson, V. M., M. Caprioli, B. Ballif-Spanvill, R. McDermott ve C. F. Emmett (2008) “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States”, International Security, 33(3): 7-45.
- Janis, I. L. (1989) Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Crisis Management, New York, The Free Press.
- Jansson, M. ve M. Eduards (2016) “The Politics of Gender in the UN Security Council Resolutions on Women, Peace and Security”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 18(4): 590-604.
- Krisch, Nico (2008) “The Security Council and the Great Powers”. içinde V. Lowe et al., eds, The United Nations Security Council and war: 133-153, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Luck, E. C. (2008) “A Council for All Seasons: The Creation of the Security Council and Its Relevance Today”. içinde eds. Vaughan Lowe, Adam Roberts, Jennifer Welsh, and Dominik Zaum, The UN Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice Since 1945: 62-85, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Political Science |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 |