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Türkiye's Tourism Success During and Post Covid-19

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 15

Grant Altay Taşkın Muharrem Tuna İbrahim Birkan

https://doi.org/10.51525/johti.1400706

Abstract

The number of tourists and tourism revenues announced every year is very important for countries whose economy depends on tourism. Within the scope of this study, Türkiye's tourism success during and post-COVID-19 has been revealed in the light of the data published by the UNWTO. The main research question of this study is “What might a country have done to achieve what they have achieved in the field of tourism?” In this study, Rutler's (2021) tourism success model was used and the positive and negative actions of Türkiye during the year were evaluated. Policies, prohibitions, incentives, discounts, that is, various areas that can affect the success of tourism have been researched. Tourism success model consists of 4 main titles. In this study, Türkiye's tourism and planning are examined under the titles of Politics, Environment, Economics, and Social/Cultural. The top ten countries which hosted the most tourists were included in the study's purview. The most striking result of the study is that while the effects of the pandemic decrease and the world heal its wounds, Turkey ranks first in hosting tourists with an increase of 88 percent.

Keywords

Tourism Success Türkiye

References

  • Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgını ve turizm faaliyetlerine etkisi. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 7-21.
  • Araújo, L. (2021). Measuring tourism success: How European National Tourism Organisations are shifting the paradigm. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(3), 3-7.
  • Aydin, B., & Emeksiz, M. (2018). Sustainable urban tourism success factors and the economic performance of small tourism enterprises. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(10), 975-988.
  • Bowen, G.A. (2009), Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method, Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Butler, R. (2022). Measuring tourism success: Alternative considerations. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(1), 11-19.
  • Çifci, E., & Acet, H. (2021). Türkiye ekonomisinde turizm gelirlerinin seyri (2012-2020). Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics, 1(2), 101-113.
  • Costa, J., Montenegro, M., & Gomes, J. (2022). Sustainability as a measure of tourism success: The Portuguese Promotional Tourism Boards' view. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(1), 65-71.
  • Dodds, R. & Butler, R. (2019). The phenomena of overtourism: A review, International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 519-528.
  • Dolnicar, S. (2020). Designing for more environmentally friendly tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102933.
  • Dredge, D. (2016). Are DMO’s on a path to redundancy?. Tourism Recreation Research, 41(3), 348-353.
  • Fotiadis, A., Yeh, S. S., & Huan, T. C. T. (2016). Applying configural analysis to explaining rural-tourism success recipes. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1479-1483.
  • Getz, D., Dowling, R., Carlsen, J., & Anderson, D. (1999). Critical success factors for wine tourism. International Journal of Wine Marketing, 11(3), 20-43.
  • Giritoğlu & Güzel (2015). Otel işletmelerinde yeşil yıldız uygulamaları: Gaziantep ve Hatay bölgesinde bir araştırma, Journal of International Social Research, 8(40), 889-904
  • Goodwin, H., & Santilli, R. (2009). Community-based tourism: A success. ICRT Occasional paper, 11(1), 37.
  • Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of sustainable tourism, 29(1), 1-20.
  • Güngen, A. R. (2021). Pandeminin ilk 18 ayında ekonomik tercihler ve sonuçları, https://www.ttb.org.tr/userfiles/files/ttb_covid_18ay_rapor.pdf. (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Hayat Eve Sığar (2022). https://hayatevesigar.saglik.gov.tr/index.html (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Kılıç, M. (2022). COVID-19’un ulaştırma ve turizm işletmelerinin finansal performansına etkisi: Borsa istanbul (bist)’da bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 21 (65) , 65-88.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığının 2022 yılı bütçesi plan ve bütçe komisyonu'nda (2021). https://basin.ktb.gov.tr/TR-298015/kultur-ve-turizm-bakanliginin-2022-yili-butcesi-plan-ve-.html#:~:text=%C5%9Eahin%2C%20RT%C3%9CK%20i%C3%A7in%20%C3%B6ng%C3%B6r%C3%BClen%202022,781%20bin%20lira%20oldu%C4%9Funu%20bildirdi. (Date of Access: 07 February 2022).
  • Lorde, T., Lowe, S., & Francis, B. (2013). Do tourism receipts contribute to the sustainability of current account deficits: A case study of Barbados. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(6), 620-624.
  • Mavi Bayrak Türkiye (2022). http://www.mavibayrak.org.tr/tr/Default.aspx (Date of Access: 04 February 2022). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2022). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi.tr.mfa#:~:text=Paris%20Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1%207%20Ekim%202021,BM%20Sekretaryas%C4%B1'na%20tevdi%20edilmi%C5%9Ftir. (Date of Access: 21 January 2022).
  • Pekovic, S. (2021). Green pull motives and overall tourist satisfaction: A macro- and micro-levels analysis, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(4), 1368-1390.
  • Perles-Ribes, J. F., Ramón-Rodríguez, A. B., Sevilla-Jiménez, M., & Rubia, A. (2016). The effects of economic crises on tourism success: An integrated model. Tourism Economics, 22(2), 417-447.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2021), 2021 Etkinlikleri (2021). https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/TR-288368/2021-etkinlikleri.html. (Date of Access: 06 April 2022).
  • Scott, N., Laws, E., & Prideaux, B. (2008). Tourism crises and marketing recovery strategies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(2-4), 1-13.
  • Serik 2 atık su arıtma tesisi ve bağlantılı altyapı tesisleri törenle hizmete açıldı (2021). https://basin.ktb.gov.tr/TR-299175/serik-2-atik-su-aritma-tesisi-ve-baglantili-altyapi-tes-.html. (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Sheresheva, M., & Kopiski, J. (2016). The main trends, challenges and success factors in the Russian hospitality and tourism market. Worldwide hospitality and tourism themes, 8(3), 260-272.
  • Sheridan, M. B. (2021). Mexico’s pandemic policy: No police. No curfews. No fines. No regrets. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-mexico-lockdown-lopez-obrador/2021/01/25/8d6311aa-50fc-11eb-a1f5-fdaf28cfca90_story.html. (Date of Access: 01 April 2022)
  • Stanway, D. (2021). Reuters, First COVID-19 case could have emerged in China in Oct 2019 – study, https://www.reuters.com/world/china/first-covid-19-case-could-have-hit-china-oct-2019-study-2021-06-25/ (Date of Access: 11 December 2023).
  • Travel and Tourism Sector (2021). https://webunwto.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-06/europe.pdf (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Turizm Tesisleri (2021). https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-9579/turizm-tesisleri.html (Date of Access: 04 February 2022). Türkiye Seyahat Acenteleri Birliği (2022). https://www.tursab.org.tr/istatistikler-icerik/turizm-geliri. (Date of Access: 06 April 2022).
  • Türkiye Tourism Promotion and Development Agency (TGA) (2022b), https://tga.gov.tr/guvenli-ve-surdurulebilir-turizm/guvenli-turizm-programi. (Date of Access: 30 January 2022).
  • Türkiye Tourism Promotion and Development Agency(TGA) (2022a), https://tga.gov.tr/about-us/ (Date of Access: 28 January 2022).
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (2021). Internatıonal tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19. (Date of Access: 01 April 2022).
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (2023). Global and regional tourism performance. https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/global-and-regional-tourism-performance. (Date of Access: 20 April 2023).
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (2023). UNWTO World Tourısm Barometer. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-world-tourism-barometer-data. (Date of Access: 18 May 2023).
  • World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. (Date of Access: 11 December 2023).

TÜrkiye'nin COVID-19 Sırasında ve Sonrasındaki Turizm Başarısı

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 15

Grant Altay Taşkın Muharrem Tuna İbrahim Birkan

https://doi.org/10.51525/johti.1400706

Abstract

Ekonomisi turizme dayalı olan ülkeler için her yıl açıklanan turist sayısı ve turizm gelirleri oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye'nin COVID-19 döneminde ve sonrasındaki turizm başarısı UNWTO'nun yayınladığı veriler ışığında ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel araştırma problemi “Bir ülke turizm alanında elde ettiği başarıya ulaşmak için neler yapmış olabilir?”sorusudur. Bu çalışmada Rutler'in (2021) turizm başarı modeli kullanılmış ve Türkiye'nin yıl içindeki olumlu ve olumsuz eylemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Politikalar, yasaklar, teşvikler, indirimler yani turizmin başarısını etkileyebilecek çeşitli alanlar araştırılmıştır. Turizm başarı modeli 4 ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin turizm ve planlaması Politika, Çevre, Ekonomi ve Sosyal/Kültürel başlıkları altında incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın kapsamına en çok turist ağırlayan ilk 10 ülke dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmanın en dikkat çekici sonucu ise salgının etkileri azalıp dünya yaralarını sararken, Türkiye’nin yüzde 88 artışla turist ağırlamada ilk sırada yer almasıdır.

Keywords

Turizm Başarı Türkiye

References

  • Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgını ve turizm faaliyetlerine etkisi. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 7-21.
  • Araújo, L. (2021). Measuring tourism success: How European National Tourism Organisations are shifting the paradigm. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(3), 3-7.
  • Aydin, B., & Emeksiz, M. (2018). Sustainable urban tourism success factors and the economic performance of small tourism enterprises. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(10), 975-988.
  • Bowen, G.A. (2009), Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method, Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Butler, R. (2022). Measuring tourism success: Alternative considerations. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(1), 11-19.
  • Çifci, E., & Acet, H. (2021). Türkiye ekonomisinde turizm gelirlerinin seyri (2012-2020). Hitit Journal of Economics and Politics, 1(2), 101-113.
  • Costa, J., Montenegro, M., & Gomes, J. (2022). Sustainability as a measure of tourism success: The Portuguese Promotional Tourism Boards' view. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(1), 65-71.
  • Dodds, R. & Butler, R. (2019). The phenomena of overtourism: A review, International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 519-528.
  • Dolnicar, S. (2020). Designing for more environmentally friendly tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102933.
  • Dredge, D. (2016). Are DMO’s on a path to redundancy?. Tourism Recreation Research, 41(3), 348-353.
  • Fotiadis, A., Yeh, S. S., & Huan, T. C. T. (2016). Applying configural analysis to explaining rural-tourism success recipes. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1479-1483.
  • Getz, D., Dowling, R., Carlsen, J., & Anderson, D. (1999). Critical success factors for wine tourism. International Journal of Wine Marketing, 11(3), 20-43.
  • Giritoğlu & Güzel (2015). Otel işletmelerinde yeşil yıldız uygulamaları: Gaziantep ve Hatay bölgesinde bir araştırma, Journal of International Social Research, 8(40), 889-904
  • Goodwin, H., & Santilli, R. (2009). Community-based tourism: A success. ICRT Occasional paper, 11(1), 37.
  • Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of sustainable tourism, 29(1), 1-20.
  • Güngen, A. R. (2021). Pandeminin ilk 18 ayında ekonomik tercihler ve sonuçları, https://www.ttb.org.tr/userfiles/files/ttb_covid_18ay_rapor.pdf. (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Hayat Eve Sığar (2022). https://hayatevesigar.saglik.gov.tr/index.html (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Kılıç, M. (2022). COVID-19’un ulaştırma ve turizm işletmelerinin finansal performansına etkisi: Borsa istanbul (bist)’da bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 21 (65) , 65-88.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığının 2022 yılı bütçesi plan ve bütçe komisyonu'nda (2021). https://basin.ktb.gov.tr/TR-298015/kultur-ve-turizm-bakanliginin-2022-yili-butcesi-plan-ve-.html#:~:text=%C5%9Eahin%2C%20RT%C3%9CK%20i%C3%A7in%20%C3%B6ng%C3%B6r%C3%BClen%202022,781%20bin%20lira%20oldu%C4%9Funu%20bildirdi. (Date of Access: 07 February 2022).
  • Lorde, T., Lowe, S., & Francis, B. (2013). Do tourism receipts contribute to the sustainability of current account deficits: A case study of Barbados. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(6), 620-624.
  • Mavi Bayrak Türkiye (2022). http://www.mavibayrak.org.tr/tr/Default.aspx (Date of Access: 04 February 2022). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2022). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi.tr.mfa#:~:text=Paris%20Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1%207%20Ekim%202021,BM%20Sekretaryas%C4%B1'na%20tevdi%20edilmi%C5%9Ftir. (Date of Access: 21 January 2022).
  • Pekovic, S. (2021). Green pull motives and overall tourist satisfaction: A macro- and micro-levels analysis, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(4), 1368-1390.
  • Perles-Ribes, J. F., Ramón-Rodríguez, A. B., Sevilla-Jiménez, M., & Rubia, A. (2016). The effects of economic crises on tourism success: An integrated model. Tourism Economics, 22(2), 417-447.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2021), 2021 Etkinlikleri (2021). https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/TR-288368/2021-etkinlikleri.html. (Date of Access: 06 April 2022).
  • Scott, N., Laws, E., & Prideaux, B. (2008). Tourism crises and marketing recovery strategies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(2-4), 1-13.
  • Serik 2 atık su arıtma tesisi ve bağlantılı altyapı tesisleri törenle hizmete açıldı (2021). https://basin.ktb.gov.tr/TR-299175/serik-2-atik-su-aritma-tesisi-ve-baglantili-altyapi-tes-.html. (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Sheresheva, M., & Kopiski, J. (2016). The main trends, challenges and success factors in the Russian hospitality and tourism market. Worldwide hospitality and tourism themes, 8(3), 260-272.
  • Sheridan, M. B. (2021). Mexico’s pandemic policy: No police. No curfews. No fines. No regrets. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-mexico-lockdown-lopez-obrador/2021/01/25/8d6311aa-50fc-11eb-a1f5-fdaf28cfca90_story.html. (Date of Access: 01 April 2022)
  • Stanway, D. (2021). Reuters, First COVID-19 case could have emerged in China in Oct 2019 – study, https://www.reuters.com/world/china/first-covid-19-case-could-have-hit-china-oct-2019-study-2021-06-25/ (Date of Access: 11 December 2023).
  • Travel and Tourism Sector (2021). https://webunwto.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-06/europe.pdf (Date of Access: 04 February 2022).
  • Turizm Tesisleri (2021). https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-9579/turizm-tesisleri.html (Date of Access: 04 February 2022). Türkiye Seyahat Acenteleri Birliği (2022). https://www.tursab.org.tr/istatistikler-icerik/turizm-geliri. (Date of Access: 06 April 2022).
  • Türkiye Tourism Promotion and Development Agency (TGA) (2022b), https://tga.gov.tr/guvenli-ve-surdurulebilir-turizm/guvenli-turizm-programi. (Date of Access: 30 January 2022).
  • Türkiye Tourism Promotion and Development Agency(TGA) (2022a), https://tga.gov.tr/about-us/ (Date of Access: 28 January 2022).
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (2021). Internatıonal tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19. (Date of Access: 01 April 2022).
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (2023). Global and regional tourism performance. https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/global-and-regional-tourism-performance. (Date of Access: 20 April 2023).
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (2023). UNWTO World Tourısm Barometer. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-world-tourism-barometer-data. (Date of Access: 18 May 2023).
  • World Health Organization (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. (Date of Access: 11 December 2023).
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism Management
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Grant Altay Taşkın 0000-0001-6689-7728

Muharrem Tuna 0000-0001-5526-7122

İbrahim Birkan 0009-0008-4896-0541

Early Pub Date May 2, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date December 6, 2023
Acceptance Date March 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Taşkın, G. A., Tuna, M., & Birkan, İ. (2024). Türkiye’s Tourism Success During and Post Covid-19. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Issues, 6(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.51525/johti.1400706