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COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİ DÖNEMİNDE TÜKETİCİLERİ KORUMAK İÇİN HAVAYOLLARININ YAPTIĞI UYGULAMALARIN ANALİZİ VE SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 356 - 376, 20.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1174531

Abstract

Havayolu şirketleri, Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında ticari faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmek ve tüketicileri koruyabilmek için belirli önlem ve uygulamalar geliştirmiştir. Örneğin, bazı havayolları uçakların ve bagajların dezenfektasyonu gibi hijyen önlemleri alırken, bir kısmı da yolcuların uçuş haklarını kaybetmemesi için biletlerine belirli zaman esneklikleri getirmişlerdir. Öteki yandan yolcuları web sayfaları aracılığı ile bilgilendirmişler ve sosyal mesafenin korunması ve kalabalığın azaltılması adına da birtakım uygulamaları olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Uluslararası Hava Taşımacılığı Birliği’ne (IATA) üye havayollarının resmî web sayfaları incelenmiş, firmaların tüketicileri hastalıktan korumak ve onların hak kayıplarını minimuma indirmek veya telafi etmek için yürüttükleri uygulamalar tespit edilmiş ve bu uygulamalar amaçlarındaki benzerlikler esas alınarak sistematik olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Ayrıca IATA’nın bölgesel sınıflandırması temel alınarak, havayollarının uygulamaları arasındaki bölgesel farklılıklar da incelenmiştir. Literatürdeki çalışmalar bu uygulamaları tek tek ele alsa da bu çalışma, bu kapsamdaki tüm uygulamaları bir araya getirmiş ve sistematik olarak ilk kez sınıflandırmıştır. Böylece, covid-19 vakalarında tekrar hızlı bir artış veya benzeri başka bir pandemi durumunda bulaşı azaltmak, tüketicileri korumak ve hak kayıplarını telafi etmek için havayolu ile yolcu taşımacılığı sektöründe yapılabilecek uygulamaları tek bir çalışmada bulmak mümkün hale gelmiştir. Pandemi döneminde esnek bilet ve self-servis teknoloji uygulamalarının pandemi sonrasında da devam ettirilmesi tüketicilere fayda sağlayacaktır, bu uygulamalara devam eden havayolu firmaları rakip firmalarla aralarında fark yaratacaktır. Pandemi döneminde alınan hijyen önlemleri ve uygulamalarının da önemi büyüktür.Havayolları hijyen önlemlerini uygulamaya devam ettiğinde grip, nezle gibi bulaşıcı hastalıkların yayılımı engellerken; yolcularına güven sağlar.

References

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  • 3. Bagshaw, M., & Illig, P. (2019). The aircraft cabin environment. In Travel Medicine (Fourth Edition) pp. 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-54696-6.00047-1
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  • 8. Choe, Y., Kim, H., & Y. C. (2022). Willingness to pay for travel insurance as a risk reduction behaviour: health-related risk perception after the outbreak of COVID-19. Service Business. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-022-00479-8
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  • 13. Duduke, A. S., & Venkataraman, S. V. (2022). Airline revenue management with preference based flexible products. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 39(2), 128-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2021.1964627
  • 14. Freedman, D. O., & Wilder-Smith, A. (2020). In-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a review of the attack rates and available data on the efficacy of face masks. Journal of travel medicine, 27(8), https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa178
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  • 18. IATA. (2022). Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/about/members/airline-list/
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  • 23. Khatib, A. N., Carvalho, A. M., Primavesi, R., To, K., & Poirier, V. (2020). Navigating the risks of flying during COVID-19: a review for safe air travel. Journal of travel medicine, 27(8). https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa212
  • 24. Klaus, J., Gnirs, P., Hölterhoff, S., Wirtz, A., Jeglitza, M., Gaber, W., & Gottschalk, R. (2016). Disinfection of aircraft : Appropriate disinfectants and standard operating procedures for highly infectious diseases. Flugzeugdesinfektion : Geeignete Desinfektionsmittel und Standardverfahren bei hochansteckenden Krankheiten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 59(12), 1544–1548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-016-2460-2
  • 25. Li, S., & Linton, O. (2020). When will the Covid-19 pandemic peak? Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.52479
  • 26. Lian, X., Huang, J., Huang, R., Liu, C., Wang, L., & Zhang, T. (2020). Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city. The Science of the total environment, 742, 140556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140556
  • 27. Loewenstein, M. A., & Dey, M. (2020). How many workers are employed in sectors directly affected by COVID-19 shutdowns,where do they work, and how much do they earn? Monthly Labor Review, 1-19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26915268
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  • 40. Yu, M., & Chen, Z. (2021). The effect of aviation responses to the control of imported COVID-19 cases. Journal of air transport management, 97, 102140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102140
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ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF APPLICATIONS BY AIRLINES TO PROTECT CONSUMERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 356 - 376, 20.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1174531

Abstract

Airline companies have developed specific measures and practices to maintain their commercial activities and protect consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, while some airlines take hygiene measures such as disinfection of airplanes and luggage, others have introduced certain time flexibility on their tickets so that passengers do not lose their flight rights. On the other hand, they informed the passengers through their web pages and had some practices to maintain social distancing and reduce the crowd. In this study, the official websites of the member airlines of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) were examined, the practices carried out by the companies to protect consumers from disease and to minimize or compensate for their loss of rights were determined, and these practices were systematically grouped based on the similarities in their purposes. Also, regional differences between airlines’ practices were examined based on the regional classification of IATA. Although the studies in the literature deal with these practices one by one, this study brought them together and classified them systematically for the first time. Thus, in the event of a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases or another similar pandemic, it has become possible to find applications that can be made in the airline passenger transportation sector in a single study to reduce transmission, protect consumers, and compensate for the loss of rights. Continuing flexible ticketing and self-service technology applications during the pandemic will also benefit consumers after the pandemic, and airline companies that continue these applications will make a difference between them and their competitors. Hygiene measures and practices taken during the pandemic are also necessary. While preventing the spread of infectious diseases such as colds provides confidence to its passengers.

References

  • 1. Al-Marzouqi, A., & Ben, I. Y. (2021). Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on food and beverage service performance and behavioral intents:importance of sanitary measures. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 209-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2021.1936871
  • 2. Alshahrani, N. Z., Almohaishi, H. A., & Alabadi, M. (2021). Preventive Measures to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19 on Aircrafts. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 5(2), 93-93.
  • 3. Bagshaw, M., & Illig, P. (2019). The aircraft cabin environment. In Travel Medicine (Fourth Edition) pp. 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-54696-6.00047-1
  • 4. Bassil, C., Saleh, A. S., & Anwar, S. (2019). Terrorism and tourism demand: A case study of Lebanon, Turkey, and Israel. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(1), 50-70 https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1397609
  • 5. Burmistrov, I. (2009). Mobile air ticket booking. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. Helsinki. Retrieved from https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1690508.1690523
  • 6. Chau, C. H., Strope, J. D., & Figg, W. D. (2020). COVID-19 Clinical Diagnostics and Testing Technology. Pharmacotherapy, 40(8), 857–868. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2439
  • 7. Chen, J., He, H., Cheng, W., Liu, Y., Sun, Z., Chai, C., Kong, Q., Sun, W., Zhang, J., Guo, S., Shi, X., Wang, J., Chen, E., & Chen, Z. (2020). Potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on a flight from Singapore to Hangzhou, China: An epidemiological investigation. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 36, 101816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101816
  • 8. Choe, Y., Kim, H., & Y. C. (2022). Willingness to pay for travel insurance as a risk reduction behaviour: health-related risk perception after the outbreak of COVID-19. Service Business. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-022-00479-8
  • 9. Chowdhury, R., Luhar, S., Khan, N., Choudhury, S. R., Matin, I., & Franco, O. H. (2020). Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions. European journal of epidemiology, 35(8), 743–748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00660-1
  • 10. Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., & COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England), 395(10242), 1973–1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
  • 11. Dollard, P., Griffin, I., Berro, A., Cohen, N. J., Singler, K., Haber, Y., . . . CDC COVID-19 Port of Entry Team. (2020). Risk Assessment and Management of COVID-19 Among Travelers Arriving at Designated U.S. Airports. US Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6945a4-H.pdf
  • 12. Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., . . . Munster, V. J. (2020, April 16). Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1564-1567. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2004973
  • 13. Duduke, A. S., & Venkataraman, S. V. (2022). Airline revenue management with preference based flexible products. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 39(2), 128-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2021.1964627
  • 14. Freedman, D. O., & Wilder-Smith, A. (2020). In-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a review of the attack rates and available data on the efficacy of face masks. Journal of travel medicine, 27(8), https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa178
  • 15. Gupta, M, Abdelmaksoud, A, Jafferany, M, Lotti, T, Sadoughifar, R, Goldust, M. (2020) COVID-19 and economy. Dermatologic Therapy.; 33(4): e13329. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13329
  • 16. Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Vaishya, R. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 pandemic in daily life. Current medicine research and practice, 10(2), 78–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmrp.2020.03.011
  • 17. IATA Medical Advisory Group. (2020, April 27). Medical evidence for various strategies being discussed as at 27 April 2020. Retrieved from Restarting aviation following COVID-19: https://www.iata.org/contentassets/f1163430bba94512a583eb6d6b24aa56/covid-medical-evidence-for-strategies-200423.pdf
  • 18. IATA. (2022). Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/about/members/airline-list/
  • 19. IATA. (2022). COVID-19 Travel Regulations Map. Retrieved from https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/world.php
  • 20. International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO). (2022, January 17). Retrieved from 2021 global air passenger totals show improvement from 2020, but still only half pre-pandemic levels: https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/2021-global-air-passenger-totals-show-improvement.aspx#:~:text=The%20overall%20passenger%20load%20factor,1)
  • 21. International Monetary Fund(IMF). (2022). Real GDP growth annual percent change. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD
  • 22. Islam, T., Lahijani, M. S., Srinivasan, A., Namilae, S., Mubayi, A., & Scotch, M. (2021). From bad to worse: airline boarding changes in response to COVID-19. Royal Society open science, 8(4), 201019. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201019
  • 23. Khatib, A. N., Carvalho, A. M., Primavesi, R., To, K., & Poirier, V. (2020). Navigating the risks of flying during COVID-19: a review for safe air travel. Journal of travel medicine, 27(8). https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa212
  • 24. Klaus, J., Gnirs, P., Hölterhoff, S., Wirtz, A., Jeglitza, M., Gaber, W., & Gottschalk, R. (2016). Disinfection of aircraft : Appropriate disinfectants and standard operating procedures for highly infectious diseases. Flugzeugdesinfektion : Geeignete Desinfektionsmittel und Standardverfahren bei hochansteckenden Krankheiten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 59(12), 1544–1548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-016-2460-2
  • 25. Li, S., & Linton, O. (2020). When will the Covid-19 pandemic peak? Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.52479
  • 26. Lian, X., Huang, J., Huang, R., Liu, C., Wang, L., & Zhang, T. (2020). Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city. The Science of the total environment, 742, 140556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140556
  • 27. Loewenstein, M. A., & Dey, M. (2020). How many workers are employed in sectors directly affected by COVID-19 shutdowns,where do they work, and how much do they earn? Monthly Labor Review, 1-19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26915268
  • 28. Murthy, G. S. (2020). An automatic disinfection system for passenger luggage at airports and train/bus stations. Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, 5(2), 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-020-00131-9
  • 29. Nakamura, H., & Managi, S. (2020). Airport risk of importation and exportation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transport policy, 96, 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.018 30. Pavli, A., Smeti, P., Hadjianastasiou, S., Theodoridou, K., Spilioti, A., Papadima, K., Andreopoulou, A., Gkolfinopoulou, K., Sapounas, S., Spanakis, N., Tsakris, A., & Maltezou, H. C. (2020). In-flight transmission of COVID-19 on flights to Greece: An epidemiological analysis. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 38, 101882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101882
  • 31. Pavlik, J. A., Ludden, I. G., & Jacobson, S. H. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 aerosol risk models for the Airplane Seating Assignment Problem. Journal of air transport management, 99, 102175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102175
  • 32. Pretty, D. B. (2018). Online Ticket Booking Using Secure QR Code. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 792-794. Retrieved from https://www.ijresm.com/Vol_1_2018/Vol1_Iss12_December18/IJRESM_V1_I12_185.pdf
  • 33. Schultz, M., & Fuchte, J. (2020). Evaluation of aircraft boarding scenarios considering reduced transmissions risks. Sustainability, 12(13), 5329. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135329
  • 34. Shahbaz, M., Bilal, M., Moiz, A., Zubair, S., & Iqbal, H. M. (2020). Food safety and COVID-19: precautionary measures to limit the spread of coronavirus at food service and retail sector. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 14(1), 749-756. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.12
  • 35. The World Bank Group. (2022). Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide. Retrieved June 30, 2022, from The World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.DPRT?end=2020&start=2007&view=chart
  • 36. World Health Organization (WHO). (2020, March 11). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. Retrieved from World Health Organisation: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
  • 37. World Tourism Organization (WTO). (2020, May 11). World tourism remains at a standsstill as 100% of countries impose restrictions on travel. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-world-tourism-remains-at-a-standstill-as-100-of-countries-impose-restrictions-on-travel
  • 38. Worldometers. (2022, June 22). Retrieved from Coronavirus Death Toll: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-toll/
  • 39. Xue, X., Ball, J. K., Alexander, C., & Alexander, M. R. (2020). All Surfaces Are Not Equal in Contact Transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Matter, 3(5), 1433–1441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.006
  • 40. Yu, M., & Chen, Z. (2021). The effect of aviation responses to the control of imported COVID-19 cases. Journal of air transport management, 97, 102140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102140
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There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Erbil Özyörük 0000-0003-2359-1854

Aysun Asena Aslan 0000-0001-9307-9800

Early Pub Date December 20, 2023
Publication Date December 20, 2023
Submission Date September 13, 2022
Acceptance Date October 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özyörük, H. E., & Aslan, A. A. (2023). ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF APPLICATIONS BY AIRLINES TO PROTECT CONSUMERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD. Journal of Research in Business, 8(2), 356-376. https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1174531