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Bir Film (Life Overtakes Me), Sığınmacı Çocuklar ve Vazgeçilmiş Bedenler: Vazgeçme/Terketme Sendromu ya da Gizli Yaralar

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 1622 - 1638, 15.12.2022

Hacer Aker

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1048310

Abstract

Sinemasal metinlerin sığınmacı çocukların ruh sağlığı üzerine ne söylediği sorusundan hareket eden bu çalışma, politik kararların ve uygulanan pratiklerin bireyselde yarattığı tahribatın boyutlarıyla ilgilenmekte; bunu da belgesel anlatıları üzerinden düşünmektedir. Belgesel sineması evrenseli içerisinden amaçlı örnekleme tekniği ile güncelliği, odağına sığınmacı çocukları ve onların ruhsal hastalıklarını konu alması ve bilinmeyene yönelik farkındalık yaratma çabası dolayısıyla Life Overtakes Me (Hayatın Tutsakları, John Haptas ve Kristine Samuelson, 2019), inceleme nesnesi olarak seçilmiştir. Film dolayımıyla görünür kılınan ve bedeni ele geçiren vazgeçme/terketme sendromu, mikro kozmosta mülteci olmanın travması ve bu travmanın çocuklar üzerindeki etkileri hakkında konuşmak için elverişli bir zemin sunmaktadır. Life Overtakes Me aracılığıyla göçün aileler ve çocuklar üzerinde sadece fiziksel değil aynı zamanda ruhsal ve biyolojik çözülmeler yarattığını ortaya koymayı ve bilinmeyen bir hastalığın bilinen sonuçlarını görünür kılmayı amaçlayan çalışma, üç düzey üzerinden kurgulanmıştır: İlk düzeyde göç kavramı, mülteci yazını ve mülteci çocukların ruh sağlığı üzerine literatür gözden geçirilmiştir. Son iki düzeyde çalışma, vazgeçme/terketme sendromunu tanımlamış ve Life Overtakes Me adlı belgesel filmi analiz etmiştir. Çözümleme, film anlatısı ve yönetmenlerin film anlatısına dair kavrayışları arasında metinlerarası analiz yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genel cepheden açığa çıkan sonuç, çocukların kendi ülkelerinde yaşadıkları taciz/travmalar ve sığındıkları ülkeye alıştıktan sonra tekrar geri dönme korkusuyla tetiklenen bu hastalık/rahatsızlığın, siyasi mülteci tanımında yaşanan daralmaya paralel arttığı yönündedir. Son on yılda çocuk sığınmacı sayısında yaşanan artış dikkate alındığında, Life Overtakes Me dolayımıyla ortaya koyulan bulguların önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Göç Sığınmacı Çocuklar Vazgeçme/Terketme Sendromu Ruh Sağlığı Life Overtakes Me

Thanks

Bu çalışma 5. Uluslararası Farklı Şiddet Boyutları ve Toplumsal Algı Kongresi’nde sunulan bildirinin, gözden geçirilmiş ve genişletilmiş versiyonudur. Kongredeki katılımcılara görüş ve önerileri için teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca Life Overtakes Me adlı belgesel filmin yapımcı ve yönetmenleri Haptas ve Samuelson’a da duyarlılıkları ve filmin çekiminde gösterdikleri özverili katkıları dolayısıyla minnettarım.

References

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  • Allen, G. (2002). Knowledge as a commodity: Hypertextuality, intertextuality and postmodern pedagogy. Tijdschrift Voor Literatuurwetenschap, 16(1): 48-60.
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  • Bejarano, C. (2017). Fear, vulnerability, and death for children and youth at the US–Mexico border. Conflict violence peace. Conflict, Violence and Peace, 11: 369–385.
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  • Dustmann, H., & Albrecht Glitz. (2011). Migration and education. A. Eric, S. Hanushek, L.W. Machin (Eds.), in (pp. 327-439) Handbook of the Economics of Education. USA: IGI Global.
  • Forslund, C. M., &Johansson, B. A. (2013). Pervasive refusal syndrome among inpatient asylum-seeking children and adolescents: A follow-up study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22: 251–258.
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  • Haptas, J. & Samuelson, K. (Directed by). (2019). Life Overtakes Me. [Documentary Film]. Sweden, ABD.
  • Hjern, A., Kocturk-Runefors, T., Jeppson, O., Tegelman, R., & Adlercreutz, H. (1991). Health and nutrition in newly resettled refugee children from Chile and the Middle East. Acta Paediatr Scand, 80: 859-867.
  • Hockey, P., Leseberg A, & Loewenthal D. (2003). Dispersal and migration of juvenile African black oystercatchers Haematopus moquini. International Journal of Avian Science, 145: E114-E123.
  • Hodes, M. (2005). Psychologically distressed refugee children in the United Kingdom. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 2000, 5: 57-68.
  • Hoy, D. (2013). Jacques Derrida. Q. Skinner (Der.). Çağdaş temel kuramlar, in (ss. 57-88), A. Demirhan (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
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  • Kinzie, J.D., Boehnlein, J.K., Leung, P.K., Moore, L.J., Riley, C., & Smith, D. (1990). The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 147: 913-917.
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A Movie (Life Overtakes Me), Refugee Children and Resigned Bodies: Resignation Syndrome or Hidden Injuries

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 1622 - 1638, 15.12.2022

Hacer Aker

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1048310

Abstract

Moving from the question of what cinematic texts say about the mental health of refugee children, this study deals with the extent of the personal damage caused by political decisions and applied practices. It thinks about this through documentary narratives. The study chose the movie Life Overtakes Me (John Haptas ve Kristine Samuelson, 2019) with a purposeful sampling technique due to its topicality and focus on refugee children and their mental illnesses and its effort to raise awareness about the unknown. Life Overtakes Me provides a suitable ground for discussing about the trauma of being a refugee in the microcosm and its effects especially on children. The study, which aims to reveal that migration creates not only physical but also mental and biological dissolutions in families and children through Life Overtakes Me, and to make the known consequences of an unknown disease visible, is built on three levels: The concept of migration, refugee literature, and the mental health of refugee children were reviewed at the first level. At the second level, the study defined the resignation/abandonment syndrome, and at the final level, the documentary film Life Overtakes Me was analyzed. The analysis was carried out by intertextual analysis between the film narrative and the directors’ opinion of the film narrative. From the general side, the result is that this illness is triggered by the abuse/trauma that children experience in their own country and the fear of returning after getting used to the country they took refuge in. Also, illness increases with the narrowing in the definition of political refugee. Given the increase in the number of child refugees over the past ten years, the findings, which will be revealed through the film Life Overtakes Me, are considered important.

Keywords

Immigration Refugee Children Resignation Syndrome Mental Health Life Overtakes Me

References

  • Adjukoviç, M., & Adjukoviç, D. (1996). Impact of displacement on the psychological well-being of refugee children. International Review of Psychiatry, 10(3): 186-195.
  • Ahearn, FL., & Athey, J.L. (1991). Refugee children: Theory, research and services. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
  • Aker, H. (2022a). Göç, çocuk, kimlik, endişe: Tanrı Göçmen Çocukları Sever mi Anne? A. Can, M. Aytaş ve H. Aker (Eds.), içinde Sinema ve Çocuk 2: Türk ve Dünya Sinemasında Çocuk İmgesi ve Çocukluk Halleri (pp. 113-132), Konya: Tablet Yayınları.
  • Aker, H. (2022b). Deconstruction in film analyses: Poststructuralism, Derrida and cinema. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 21(1): 333-353.
  • Allen, G. (2002). Knowledge as a commodity: Hypertextuality, intertextuality and postmodern pedagogy. Tijdschrift Voor Literatuurwetenschap, 16(1): 48-60.
  • Almqvist, K., & Broberg, A.G. (1999). Mental health and social adjustment in young refugee children 31⁄2 years after their arrival in Sweden. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38: 723-730.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Aronsson, B., Wiberg, C., Sandstedt, P., & Hjern, A. (2009). Asylum-seeking children with severe loss of activities of daily living: Clinical signs and course during rehabilitation. Acta Paediatr. 98: 1977–1981.
  • Barthes, R. (1990). Yazı ve yorum. T. Yücel (Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Bejarano, C. (2017). Fear, vulnerability, and death for children and youth at the US–Mexico border. Conflict violence peace. Conflict, Violence and Peace, 11: 369–385.
  • Benjamin, L.H. & Lyn Y.A. (2002). Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression in adolescence: Reliability, validity, and gender differences. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 31(4): 491-504.
  • BM (UN) (2016). United nation convention against transnational organized crime and the protocols thereto.
  • BMMYK (UNHCR). (2011). Division of international protection.
  • BMMYK (UNHCR). (2020). Turkey fact sheet.
  • Bodegård, G. (2004). Case reports of devitalization because of depression. Refugee children seeking asylum develop life-threatening losses of function. Lakartidningen, 101: 1696–1699.
  • Bodegård, G. (2005a). Pervasive loss of function in asylum-seeking children in Sweden. Acta Paediatr, 94: 1706-1707.
  • Bodegård, G. (2005b). Life-threatening loss of function in refugee children: Another expression of pervasive refusal syndrome? Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(3): 337-350.
  • Brettell, C. B. & James F. H. (2000). Migration theory: Talking across disciplines. Londra: Routledge.
  • Brettell, C.B., & Hollifield, J.F. (2013). Rebooting migration theory: Interdisciplinarity, globality, and postdisciplinarity in migration studies. J. F. Hollifield (Ed.), in (pp. 1-37), New York: Routledge.
  • Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., & Bifulco, A. (1986). Long-term effects of early loss of parent. M. Rutter, C.E. Izard, P.B. Read (Eds.), in (pp. 251-296) Depression in young people: Developmental and clinical perspectives. New York: Guilford.
  • Brubaker, R. (2012). Religion and nationalism: four approaches. Nations and Nationalism, 18: 2-20.
  • Castles, S. (2003). The international politics of forced migration. Development, 46: 11–20.
  • Charles, L. & Denman, K. (2013). Syrian and Palestinian Syrian refugees in Lebanon: The plight of women and children. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 14(5): 96-111.
  • Cohn. J., Danielsen, L., Mygind. H., Kirsten, I., Koch, L., Severin, B., & Thogersen, S. (1985). A study of Chilean refugee children in Denmark. Lancet 2: 437-438.
  • De Wit, H., & Altbach, P. (2016). The Syrian refugee crisis and higher education. International Higher Education, 84: 9-10.
  • Dhossche, D.M., Ross, C.A. & Stoppelbein, L. (2012). The role of deprivation, abuse, and trauma in pediatric catatonia without a clear medical cause. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 125: 25-32.
  • Diken, B. ve Laustsen, C. B. (2011). Filmlerle sosyoloji (2. bs.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Dingle, H. & Drake, V.A. (2007). What is migration? BioScience, 57(2): 113–121.
  • Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2004). Skilled migration: The perspective of developing countries. Policy Research Working. Paper No: 3382.
  • Donnelly, T. T., Hwang, J. J., Este, D., Ewashen, C., Adair, C., & Clinton, M. (2011). If I was going to kill myself, I wouldn’t be calling you. I am asking for help: Challenges influencing immigrant and refugee women’s mental health. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32(5): 279–290.
  • Dustmann, H., & Albrecht Glitz. (2011). Migration and education. A. Eric, S. Hanushek, L.W. Machin (Eds.), in (pp. 327-439) Handbook of the Economics of Education. USA: IGI Global.
  • Forslund, C. M., &Johansson, B. A. (2013). Pervasive refusal syndrome among inpatient asylum-seeking children and adolescents: A follow-up study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22: 251–258.
  • Gallup, G. G., Jr., & Maser, J. D. (1977). Catatonia: Tonic immobility: Evolutionary underpinnings of human catalepsy and catatonia. J. D. Maser & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), in (pp. 334–357) Psychopathology: Experimental Models. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
  • Garmezy, N., & Masten, A.S. (1994). Chronic adversities. M. Rutter, EA. Taylor, L.A. Hersov (Eds.), in (pp. 191- 208) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
  • Godani, G., Bodegård, G., & Rydelius, P.A. (2008). Bördan de Kom med. Rapport från forskning sprojektet: Barni asylprocessen som utvecklade uppgivenhetssymtom i Sverige. Stockholm: Save the Children Sweden.
  • Guy, J.A., Brottrager, M., Cuaresma, J.C., & Muttarak, R. (2019). Climate, conflict and forced migration. Global Environmental Change, 54: 239-249.
  • Haptas, J. & Samuelson, K. (Directed by). (2019). Life Overtakes Me. [Documentary Film]. Sweden, ABD.
  • Hjern, A., Kocturk-Runefors, T., Jeppson, O., Tegelman, R., & Adlercreutz, H. (1991). Health and nutrition in newly resettled refugee children from Chile and the Middle East. Acta Paediatr Scand, 80: 859-867.
  • Hockey, P., Leseberg A, & Loewenthal D. (2003). Dispersal and migration of juvenile African black oystercatchers Haematopus moquini. International Journal of Avian Science, 145: E114-E123.
  • Hodes, M. (2005). Psychologically distressed refugee children in the United Kingdom. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 2000, 5: 57-68.
  • Hoy, D. (2013). Jacques Derrida. Q. Skinner (Der.). Çağdaş temel kuramlar, in (ss. 57-88), A. Demirhan (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Jensen, S.B., & Shaw, J. (1993). Children as victims of war: current knowledge and future research needs. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32: 697-708.
  • Kahlbaum, K.L. (1973). Catatonia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Kinzie, J.D., Boehnlein, J.K., Leung, P.K., Moore, L.J., Riley, C., & Smith, D. (1990). The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 147: 913-917.
  • Kinzie, J.D., Sack, W., Angell, R., Clarke, G., & Ben, R. (1989). A three-year follow-up of Cambodian young people traumatized as children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28: 501-504.
  • Knox, J. (1996). Homebased services for Southeast Asian refugee children: a process and formative evaluation. Children and Youth Services Review, 18: 553-578.
  • Kostakopoulou, D. (2009). European immigration: A sourcebook. A. Triandafyllidou & R. Gropas (Eds.). JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 47: 447-447.
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There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies, Urban Policy
Journal Section All Articles
Authors

Hacer Aker 0000-0002-0116-6462

Early Pub Date October 13, 2022
Publication Date December 15, 2022
Submission Date December 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aker, H. (2022). Bir Film (Life Overtakes Me), Sığınmacı Çocuklar ve Vazgeçilmiş Bedenler: Vazgeçme/Terketme Sendromu ya da Gizli Yaralar. Kent Akademisi, 15(4), 1622-1638. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1048310
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