Research Article
Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 243 - 261, 23.03.2022
Abstract
Çalışma eyleminin enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanılarak, işverenin mülkü/tesisi dışında gerçekleştirilmesi şeklinde tanımlanan uzaktan çalışma günümüzde Covid-19 pandemisinin de etkisiyle en popüler çalışma biçimine dönüşmüştür. Bu bağlamda mevcut araştırma uzaktan çalışma tutumu ölçeğinin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışmasını gerçekleştirmeyi hedeflemiştir. Türkiye genelinde farklı illerde ikamet eden ve farklı sektörlerde çalışan 323 çalışanın katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen analiz sonuçlarına göre, ölçekte bulunan maddelerin faktör yükleri 0,698 ile 0,909 arasında değişmekte ve açıklanan toplam varyans %80,39 olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre uzaktan çalışma tutumu ölçeği (Ki-kare/serbestlik değeri: 2,17; RMSEA: 0,06; NFI: 0,97; NNFI: 0,98; CFI: 0,99; GFI: 0,92 ve AGFI: 0,89) 4 faktör ve 16 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin içsel tutarlığı 0,91 olarak hesaplanmıştır ve madde-toplam korelasyonlarının 0,330 ile 0,812 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak analizler, uzaktan çalışma tutumu ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.
Keywords
References
- Bagozzi, R.P. ve Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
- Bayram, N. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile veri analizi. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
- Bozkurt, V. (2020). Working During a Pandemic: Economic Concerns, Digitalization, and Productivity. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Economic, Social, and Political Impacts, 87-106.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32, 470-483.
- Brynjolfsson, E., Horton, J. J., Ozimek, A., Rock, D., Sharma, G., ve TuYe, H. Y. (2020). COVID-19 and remote work: an early look at US data. National Bureau of Economic Research, Erişim 10 Aralık 2020, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27344/w27344.pdf
- Carroll, N. ve Conboy, K., (2020). Normalising the “new normal”: Changing tech-driven work practices under pandemic time pressure. International Journal of Information Management, Erişim 12 Aralık 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102186
- Costello, A. B. ve Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
- Çakır, Ö. (2005). Yeni Çalışma Biçimleri ve İşe İlişkin Tutumlar. Çalışma Yaşamında Dönüşümler (Ed. Aşkın Keser), 107-123. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Çelik, H. E. ve Yılmaz, V. (2013). Lisrel 9.1 ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Çömlekçi̇, M. ve Başol, O. (2019). Sosyal Medya Haberlerine Güven ve Kullanıcı Teyit Alışkanlıkları Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 30, 55-77.
- De Vaus, D. A. (2002). Surveys in social research. Australia: Allen & Unwin.
- Dereli T. (2005). Teknolojik Değişmeler, Çalışma İlişkileri ve Yeni İstihdam Türleri. Çalışma Yaşamında Dönüşümler (Ed. Aşkın Keser), 3-11. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Duxbury, L. ve Halinski, M. (2014). When more is less: An examination of the relationship between hours in telework and role overload. Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, 48, 91–103.
- Felstead, A., ve Henseke, G. (2017). Assessing the growth of remote working and its consequences for effort, well‐being and work‐life balance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 32(3), 195-212.
- Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
- Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A. ve Delaney-Klinger, K. (2015). Are telecommuters remotely good citizens? Unpacking telecommuting’s effects on performance via ideals and job resources. Personnel Psychology, 68, 353–393.
- Genin, E. (2016). Proposal for a theoretical framework for the analysis of time porosity. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, 32(3), 280–300.
- Global Workplace Analytics. (2020). Global Work-from Home Experience Survey. Erişim 10 Aralık 2020, https://we.ifma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/WFH-Experience-Survey-Overview-4-4-2020.pdf
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E (2010). Multivariate data analysis a global perspective (7th Ed.). USA: Pearson.
- Holt, L., ve Brokett, R. (2012). Self direction and factors influencing technology use: Examining the relationships for the 21st century workplace. Computers in Human Behaviour, 28, 2075-2082.
- Hunton, J. E., ve Norman, C. S. (2010). The impact of alternative telework arrangements on organizational commitment: Insights from a longitudinal field experiment. Journal of Information Systems, 24, 67–90.
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık.
- Keser, A. ve Kümbül Güler, B. (2016). Çalışma Psikolojisi. Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
- Keser, A., Öngen Bilir, B. ve Aytaç, S. (2017). Niceliksel İş Yükü Envanterinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. İş-Güç Endüstri İlişkileri Dergisi, 19(2), 55-78.
- Kline, R. B. (2013). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In Y. Petscher ve C. Schatsschneider, (Ed.), Applied quantitative analysis in the social sciences (p. 171-207). New York: Routledge.
- Lupton, D. (2016). The diverse domains of quantified selves: Self-tracking modes and dataveillance. Economy and Society, 45(1), 101–122.
- Ly, M. T. (2020). The Effects of Remote Supervision on Employees: Case Finnish Red Cross (FRC) Fundraisers. Erişim 12 Aralık 2020, https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/347425/Ly_Mai.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
- Messenger, J. ve L. Gschwind (2016). Three Generations of Telework: New ICT and the (R)Evolution From Home Office to Virtual Office. New Technology, Work and Employment, 31(3), 195–208.
- Mulki, J., Bardhi, F., Lassk, F. ve Nanavaty-Dahl, J. (2009). Set Up Remote Worker to Thrive. MITSloan Management Review, 51(1), 63-69.
- Nickson, D., ve Siddons, S. (2012). Remote working. Routledge.
- O’Leary, D. E. (2020). Evolving information systems and technology research issues for COVID-19 and other pandemics. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 1–8.
- Olson, M. H. (1983). Remote office work: changing work patterns in space and time. Communications of the ACM, 26(3), 182-187.
- Ozimek, A. (2020). The Future of Remote Work. Erişim 8 Aralık 2020, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3638597 ya da http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3638597
- Papagiannidis, S., Harris, J. ve Morton, D. (2020). WHO led the digital transformation of your company? A reflection of IT related challenges during the pandemic. International Journal of Information Management. Erişim 10 Aralık 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt. 2020.102166
- Perry, S. J., Rubino, C. ve Hunter, E. M. (2018). Stress in remote work: two studies testing the Demand-Control-Person model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27(5), 577-593.
- Rousseau, D. M., Ho, V. T., ve Greenberg, J. (2006). I-deals: Idiosyncratic terms in employment relationships. Academy of Management Review, 31, 977–994.
- Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş. Ankara: Ekinoks.
- Taşkın, Ç. (2008). Pazarlama stratejilerinin oluşturulmasında marka değerinin etkisi ve bir uygulama. Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
- Thompson, R. J., Payne, S. C. ve Taylor, A. B. (2015). Applicant attraction to flexible work arrangements: Separating the influence of flextime and flexplace. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 88, 726–749.
- Till, C. (2014). Exercise as labour: Quantified self and the transformation of exercise into labour. Societies, 4(3), 446–462.
- Tipping, S., Chanfreau, J., Perry, J. ve Tait, C. (2012). The fourth work–life balance employee survey. In Employment relations research series 122. London, England: Department for Business Innovation and Skills. Erişim 12 Aralık 2020, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32153/12-p151-fourth-work-life-balance-employee-survey.pdf
- Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (2017). Working anytime, anywhere: The effects on the world of work. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, and the International Labour Office, Geneva. Erişim 8 Aralık 2020, https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_544138/lang--en/index.htm
- Zencirkıran, M. ve Baştürk, Ş. (2019). Çalışma ve Endüstri Sosyolojisi. Bursa: Dora Yayınları.
Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 243 - 261, 23.03.2022
Abstract
Remote work, which is defined as performing the act of work outside the property/facility of the employer using information and communication technologies, has become the most popular form of work today with the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, the current research aims to carry out the validity and reliability study of the remote work attitude scale. According to the analyzes, with the participation of 323 employees residing in different provinces across Turkey and working in different sectors; the factor loadings of the items in the scale ranged between 0,698 and 0,909 and the total explained variance was determined as 80,39%. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, the remote work attitude scale consists of 4 factors and 16 items (Chi-square / degree of freedom: 2,17; RMSEA: 0,06; NFI: 0,97; NNFI: 0,98; CFI: 0,99; GFI: 0,92 and AGFI: 0,89). The internal consistency of the scale was calculated as 0.91 and item-total correlations ranged between 0,330 and 0,812. As a result, after the analysis, it was concluded that the remote work attitude scale is valid and reliable for Turkish society.
Keywords
References
- Bagozzi, R.P. ve Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
- Bayram, N. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile veri analizi. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
- Bozkurt, V. (2020). Working During a Pandemic: Economic Concerns, Digitalization, and Productivity. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Economic, Social, and Political Impacts, 87-106.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32, 470-483.
- Brynjolfsson, E., Horton, J. J., Ozimek, A., Rock, D., Sharma, G., ve TuYe, H. Y. (2020). COVID-19 and remote work: an early look at US data. National Bureau of Economic Research, Erişim 10 Aralık 2020, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27344/w27344.pdf
- Carroll, N. ve Conboy, K., (2020). Normalising the “new normal”: Changing tech-driven work practices under pandemic time pressure. International Journal of Information Management, Erişim 12 Aralık 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102186
- Costello, A. B. ve Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
- Çakır, Ö. (2005). Yeni Çalışma Biçimleri ve İşe İlişkin Tutumlar. Çalışma Yaşamında Dönüşümler (Ed. Aşkın Keser), 107-123. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Çelik, H. E. ve Yılmaz, V. (2013). Lisrel 9.1 ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
- Çömlekçi̇, M. ve Başol, O. (2019). Sosyal Medya Haberlerine Güven ve Kullanıcı Teyit Alışkanlıkları Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 30, 55-77.
- De Vaus, D. A. (2002). Surveys in social research. Australia: Allen & Unwin.
- Dereli T. (2005). Teknolojik Değişmeler, Çalışma İlişkileri ve Yeni İstihdam Türleri. Çalışma Yaşamında Dönüşümler (Ed. Aşkın Keser), 3-11. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
- Duxbury, L. ve Halinski, M. (2014). When more is less: An examination of the relationship between hours in telework and role overload. Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, 48, 91–103.
- Felstead, A., ve Henseke, G. (2017). Assessing the growth of remote working and its consequences for effort, well‐being and work‐life balance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 32(3), 195-212.
- Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
- Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A. ve Delaney-Klinger, K. (2015). Are telecommuters remotely good citizens? Unpacking telecommuting’s effects on performance via ideals and job resources. Personnel Psychology, 68, 353–393.
- Genin, E. (2016). Proposal for a theoretical framework for the analysis of time porosity. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, 32(3), 280–300.
- Global Workplace Analytics. (2020). Global Work-from Home Experience Survey. Erişim 10 Aralık 2020, https://we.ifma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/WFH-Experience-Survey-Overview-4-4-2020.pdf
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E (2010). Multivariate data analysis a global perspective (7th Ed.). USA: Pearson.
- Holt, L., ve Brokett, R. (2012). Self direction and factors influencing technology use: Examining the relationships for the 21st century workplace. Computers in Human Behaviour, 28, 2075-2082.
- Hunton, J. E., ve Norman, C. S. (2010). The impact of alternative telework arrangements on organizational commitment: Insights from a longitudinal field experiment. Journal of Information Systems, 24, 67–90.
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık.
- Keser, A. ve Kümbül Güler, B. (2016). Çalışma Psikolojisi. Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
- Keser, A., Öngen Bilir, B. ve Aytaç, S. (2017). Niceliksel İş Yükü Envanterinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. İş-Güç Endüstri İlişkileri Dergisi, 19(2), 55-78.
- Kline, R. B. (2013). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In Y. Petscher ve C. Schatsschneider, (Ed.), Applied quantitative analysis in the social sciences (p. 171-207). New York: Routledge.
- Lupton, D. (2016). The diverse domains of quantified selves: Self-tracking modes and dataveillance. Economy and Society, 45(1), 101–122.
- Ly, M. T. (2020). The Effects of Remote Supervision on Employees: Case Finnish Red Cross (FRC) Fundraisers. Erişim 12 Aralık 2020, https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/347425/Ly_Mai.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
- Messenger, J. ve L. Gschwind (2016). Three Generations of Telework: New ICT and the (R)Evolution From Home Office to Virtual Office. New Technology, Work and Employment, 31(3), 195–208.
- Mulki, J., Bardhi, F., Lassk, F. ve Nanavaty-Dahl, J. (2009). Set Up Remote Worker to Thrive. MITSloan Management Review, 51(1), 63-69.
- Nickson, D., ve Siddons, S. (2012). Remote working. Routledge.
- O’Leary, D. E. (2020). Evolving information systems and technology research issues for COVID-19 and other pandemics. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 1–8.
- Olson, M. H. (1983). Remote office work: changing work patterns in space and time. Communications of the ACM, 26(3), 182-187.
- Ozimek, A. (2020). The Future of Remote Work. Erişim 8 Aralık 2020, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3638597 ya da http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3638597
- Papagiannidis, S., Harris, J. ve Morton, D. (2020). WHO led the digital transformation of your company? A reflection of IT related challenges during the pandemic. International Journal of Information Management. Erişim 10 Aralık 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt. 2020.102166
- Perry, S. J., Rubino, C. ve Hunter, E. M. (2018). Stress in remote work: two studies testing the Demand-Control-Person model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27(5), 577-593.
- Rousseau, D. M., Ho, V. T., ve Greenberg, J. (2006). I-deals: Idiosyncratic terms in employment relationships. Academy of Management Review, 31, 977–994.
- Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş. Ankara: Ekinoks.
- Taşkın, Ç. (2008). Pazarlama stratejilerinin oluşturulmasında marka değerinin etkisi ve bir uygulama. Yayınlanmamış Doktora tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
- Thompson, R. J., Payne, S. C. ve Taylor, A. B. (2015). Applicant attraction to flexible work arrangements: Separating the influence of flextime and flexplace. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 88, 726–749.
- Till, C. (2014). Exercise as labour: Quantified self and the transformation of exercise into labour. Societies, 4(3), 446–462.
- Tipping, S., Chanfreau, J., Perry, J. ve Tait, C. (2012). The fourth work–life balance employee survey. In Employment relations research series 122. London, England: Department for Business Innovation and Skills. Erişim 12 Aralık 2020, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32153/12-p151-fourth-work-life-balance-employee-survey.pdf
- Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (2017). Working anytime, anywhere: The effects on the world of work. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, and the International Labour Office, Geneva. Erişim 8 Aralık 2020, https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_544138/lang--en/index.htm
- Zencirkıran, M. ve Baştürk, Ş. (2019). Çalışma ve Endüstri Sosyolojisi. Bursa: Dora Yayınları.
There are 43 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 23, 2022 |
| Submission Date | January 16, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 |
