Research Article
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Çin Dış Politikasında Süreklilik ve Değişim

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 72 - 96, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1206674

Abstract

1949 yılında kurulan Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, uluslararası politikadaki rolünü sürekli bir şekilde artırabilmeyi başardı. 2000’li yıllardan itibaren Çin küresel bir aktör ve güç haline geldi. Çin'in dünya ekonomisinde ve siyasetinde giderek artan bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ekonomik ve askeri gücü arttıkça Çin’in bölgesel ve küresel bir hakimiyet arayışında olma ihtimali çok sayıda aktörü tedirgin etmektedir. Bu nedenle Çin'in bölgesel ve küresel politikalarını anlamak büyük önem arz etmektedir. Çin küresel bir güç haline geldikçe, ülkenin dış politikasına yönelik belirsizlikler artmaktadır. 1978’ten itibaren uluslararası sistemle entegre olmaya çalışan Çin, artık mevcut uluslararası örgütlere alternatif oluşturabilecek girişimlerden kaçınmamaktadır. Son yıllarda dış politikada sert söylemler kullanmaktan kaçınmayan Çin, giderek daha iddialı bir tutum benimseye başladı. Çin’in tutum ve davranışlarında ne ölçüde değişim olduğu ve bunların ne ölçüde süreklilik arz ettiği merak konusudur. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Çin’in dış politika amaç, strateji ve araçlarında süreklilik arz eden ve değişim gösteren unsurları belirlemektir. Çalışmada Çin dış politikasındaki genel eğilimler analiz edilmektedir. Çin’in son dönem dış politikasında yaşanan değişimlerin daha çok söylem düzeyinde kaldığı tespit edilmektedir. Bu değişimlerin, ülkenin geleneksel dış politika eğilimlerinden ciddi bir sapma olarak değerlendirilemeyeceği sonucuna varmaktadır. Aşağılanma yüzyılının kayıplarının telefi edilmesi ve Çin komünist partisinin iktidarının korunması gibi Çin dış politikasında süreklilik arz eden unsurları hala geçerli olduğu görülmektedir.

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen bir kurum bulunmamaktadır.

References

  • Brown, K. (2017). China’s foreign policy since 2012. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 3(3), 325–339. DOI:10.1142/S237.774.001750018X.
  • Chen, D. ve Wang, J. (2011). Lying low no more? China’s new thinking on the tao guang yang hui strategy. China: An International Journal, 9(2), 195-216. DOI:10.1142/S021.974.7211000136
  • Christensen, T. (2017). Chinese realpolitik, G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. 59-71) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Clements, J. (2021). Çin nasıl Çin oldu?. C. Mavituna (Çev.). İstanbul: Metropolis Yayıncılık.
  • Deng, Y. (2008). China’s struggle for status. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dillon, M. (2016). Modernleşen Çin’in tarihi. E. Ü. Atılgan ve A. Atılgan (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları . Dittmer, L. (2017). Foreword. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. XI-XVI) İçinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Dittmer, L. (2017). The Sino-Russian strategic partnership. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 211-232) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Ekman, A. (2012). China’s two-track foreign policy from ambiguous to clear-cut positions. Asie Vision 53, Center for Asian Studies, 1-29.
  • Fairbank, J. K. (1968). Chinese world order; traditional China’s foreign relations. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Fairbank, J. K. (1969). China’s foreign policy in historical perspective. Foreign Affairs. 47(3), 449-463.
  • Feng, H. (2015). Foreign policy analysis in China. K. Brummer and V. M. Hudson (Ed.), Foreign policy analysis beyond North America (s. 15-36) içinde. London: Lynne Rienner Publisher.
  • Feng, H., He, K. ve Yan, X. (2019). Chinese scholars and foreign policy. New York: Routledge.
  • Foot, R. (2016). China and the Tian’anmen crisis of June 1989. S. Smith et. al. (Ed.), Foreign policy theories, actors, cases (ss. 334-355) içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Haenle, P. (2020). What the coronavirus means for China’s foreign policy. Carnege Endowment for International Peace. Erişim Adresi: https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/03/11/what-coronavirusmeans-for-china-s-foreign-policy-pub-81259, (Erişim Tarihi:11.03.2020.)
  • Harris, S. (2014). Çin dış politikası. A. Y. Şir (Çev.). İstanbul: İyidüşün Yayınları
  • Holsti, K. J. (1970). National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy. International Studies Quarterly, 14(3), 233 – 309.
  • Hudson, V. (2016). The history and evolution of foreign policy analysis. S. Smith et. al. (Ed.) Foreign policy theories, actors, cases (ss. 13-34) içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jacques, M. (2016). Çin hükmettiğinde dünyayı neler bekliyor?, S. Oğuz (Çev.). Ankara: Akılçelen Kitaplar.
  • Johnson, S. (2019, 20 Kasım). China’s trade dominance dealt a blow after US gains. Finacial Times, Erişim Adresi: https://www.ft.com/content/c9665df6-0ab7-11ea-b2d6-9bf4d1957a67.
  • Johnston, A. I. (2017). China’s militarized ınterstate dispute behaviour 1949-1992. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 259-293) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kane, T. (2017). China’s foundations guiding principles of Chinese foreign policy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 101-115) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kim, S. S. (2017). China’s path to great power status in the globalization era. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 353-385) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kissinger, H. (2015). Çin dünden bugüne yeni Çin. N. Çeper (Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Kobierecka, A. (2022). Post-covid China: ‘vaccine diplomacy’ and the new developments of Chinese foreign policy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. DOI:10.1057/s41254.022.00266-2.
  • Lampton, D. M. (2017). Think again China. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. 163-176) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Levi, W. (1953). Modern China’s foreign policy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Liu, G. (2017). Introduction. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 1-25) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Liu, G. (Ed). (2017). Chinese foreign policy in transtion. New York: Routledge.
  • Lynch, D. C. (2015). China’s futures. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Medeiros, E. ve Fravel, M. (2017). China’s new diplomacy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 387-398) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Minqi, L. (2017). Çin ve 21. yüzyıl krizi. T. B. Işık (Çev.). İstanbul: Yazılama Yayınevi.
  • Ng-Quinn, M. (2017). The analytic study of Chinese foreign policy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 25-58) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Pradt, T. (2016). China’s new foreign policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ross, R. (2017). Beijing as a conservative power. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 141-150) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Rozman, G. (2017). China’s quest for great power identity. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 119-140) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Shambaugh, D. (2020). China’s long march to global power. D. Shambaugh (Ed.). China and the World (ss. 3-24) içinde. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sprout, H. ve Sprout, M. (1957). Environmental factors in the study of international politics. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1(4), 309-328.
  • Statistics Times. (2022). Top 10 largest economies in the World. Erişim Adresi: https://www.statisticstimes. com/economy/largest-economies-in-the-world.php. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.11. 2022.)
  • Sutter, R. (2021). Chinese foreign relations: Power and policy of an emerging global force. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Üngör, Ç. (2009). Çin ve üçüncü dünya. İ.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 41, 27-38.
  • Varrall, M. (2015). Chinese worldviews and China’s foreign policy. Lowy Institute for International Policy. Erişim Adresi: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/chinese-worldviews-china-s-foreignpolicy.
  • Vogel, E. (2017). Deng Xiaoping ve Çin’in dönüşümü. M. Leliç (Çev.). İstanbul: Modus Kitap.
  • Weissmann, M. (2015). Chinese foreign policy in a global perspective: A responsible reformer “striving for achivement”. Journal of China and International Relations, 3(1), 151-166.
  • Westad, O. (2013). Restless empire China and the world since 1750. London: Vintage Books.
  • Womack, B. (2017). How size matters the United States, China, and asymmetry. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 73-100) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Yahuda, M. (2007). China’s foreign policy comes of age. The International Spectator, 42(3), 337-350, DOI:1 0.1080/039.327.20701567562.
  • Zeng, J. (2020). Slogan politics: Understanding Chinese foreign policy concepts. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Zhang, B. (2010). Chinese foreign policy in transition: Trends and implications. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39(2), 39-68.
  • Zhao, Q. (2017). Chinese foreign policy in the Post-Cold War era. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 295-322) içinde. New York: Routledge. Zhu, L. (2010). China’s foreign policy debates. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies. Zhu, Z. (2013). Foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China. R. K. Beasley v.d. (Ed.) Foreign policy in comprarative perspective (ss. 118-137) içinde. California: CQ Press
Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 72 - 96, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1206674

Abstract

References

  • Brown, K. (2017). China’s foreign policy since 2012. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 3(3), 325–339. DOI:10.1142/S237.774.001750018X.
  • Chen, D. ve Wang, J. (2011). Lying low no more? China’s new thinking on the tao guang yang hui strategy. China: An International Journal, 9(2), 195-216. DOI:10.1142/S021.974.7211000136
  • Christensen, T. (2017). Chinese realpolitik, G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. 59-71) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Clements, J. (2021). Çin nasıl Çin oldu?. C. Mavituna (Çev.). İstanbul: Metropolis Yayıncılık.
  • Deng, Y. (2008). China’s struggle for status. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dillon, M. (2016). Modernleşen Çin’in tarihi. E. Ü. Atılgan ve A. Atılgan (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları . Dittmer, L. (2017). Foreword. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. XI-XVI) İçinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Dittmer, L. (2017). The Sino-Russian strategic partnership. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 211-232) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Ekman, A. (2012). China’s two-track foreign policy from ambiguous to clear-cut positions. Asie Vision 53, Center for Asian Studies, 1-29.
  • Fairbank, J. K. (1968). Chinese world order; traditional China’s foreign relations. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Fairbank, J. K. (1969). China’s foreign policy in historical perspective. Foreign Affairs. 47(3), 449-463.
  • Feng, H. (2015). Foreign policy analysis in China. K. Brummer and V. M. Hudson (Ed.), Foreign policy analysis beyond North America (s. 15-36) içinde. London: Lynne Rienner Publisher.
  • Feng, H., He, K. ve Yan, X. (2019). Chinese scholars and foreign policy. New York: Routledge.
  • Foot, R. (2016). China and the Tian’anmen crisis of June 1989. S. Smith et. al. (Ed.), Foreign policy theories, actors, cases (ss. 334-355) içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Haenle, P. (2020). What the coronavirus means for China’s foreign policy. Carnege Endowment for International Peace. Erişim Adresi: https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/03/11/what-coronavirusmeans-for-china-s-foreign-policy-pub-81259, (Erişim Tarihi:11.03.2020.)
  • Harris, S. (2014). Çin dış politikası. A. Y. Şir (Çev.). İstanbul: İyidüşün Yayınları
  • Holsti, K. J. (1970). National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy. International Studies Quarterly, 14(3), 233 – 309.
  • Hudson, V. (2016). The history and evolution of foreign policy analysis. S. Smith et. al. (Ed.) Foreign policy theories, actors, cases (ss. 13-34) içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jacques, M. (2016). Çin hükmettiğinde dünyayı neler bekliyor?, S. Oğuz (Çev.). Ankara: Akılçelen Kitaplar.
  • Johnson, S. (2019, 20 Kasım). China’s trade dominance dealt a blow after US gains. Finacial Times, Erişim Adresi: https://www.ft.com/content/c9665df6-0ab7-11ea-b2d6-9bf4d1957a67.
  • Johnston, A. I. (2017). China’s militarized ınterstate dispute behaviour 1949-1992. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 259-293) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kane, T. (2017). China’s foundations guiding principles of Chinese foreign policy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 101-115) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kim, S. S. (2017). China’s path to great power status in the globalization era. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 353-385) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kissinger, H. (2015). Çin dünden bugüne yeni Çin. N. Çeper (Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Kobierecka, A. (2022). Post-covid China: ‘vaccine diplomacy’ and the new developments of Chinese foreign policy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. DOI:10.1057/s41254.022.00266-2.
  • Lampton, D. M. (2017). Think again China. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. 163-176) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Levi, W. (1953). Modern China’s foreign policy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Liu, G. (2017). Introduction. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 1-25) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Liu, G. (Ed). (2017). Chinese foreign policy in transtion. New York: Routledge.
  • Lynch, D. C. (2015). China’s futures. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Medeiros, E. ve Fravel, M. (2017). China’s new diplomacy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 387-398) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Minqi, L. (2017). Çin ve 21. yüzyıl krizi. T. B. Işık (Çev.). İstanbul: Yazılama Yayınevi.
  • Ng-Quinn, M. (2017). The analytic study of Chinese foreign policy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 25-58) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Pradt, T. (2016). China’s new foreign policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ross, R. (2017). Beijing as a conservative power. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 141-150) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Rozman, G. (2017). China’s quest for great power identity. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 119-140) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Shambaugh, D. (2020). China’s long march to global power. D. Shambaugh (Ed.). China and the World (ss. 3-24) içinde. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sprout, H. ve Sprout, M. (1957). Environmental factors in the study of international politics. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1(4), 309-328.
  • Statistics Times. (2022). Top 10 largest economies in the World. Erişim Adresi: https://www.statisticstimes. com/economy/largest-economies-in-the-world.php. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.11. 2022.)
  • Sutter, R. (2021). Chinese foreign relations: Power and policy of an emerging global force. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Üngör, Ç. (2009). Çin ve üçüncü dünya. İ.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 41, 27-38.
  • Varrall, M. (2015). Chinese worldviews and China’s foreign policy. Lowy Institute for International Policy. Erişim Adresi: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/chinese-worldviews-china-s-foreignpolicy.
  • Vogel, E. (2017). Deng Xiaoping ve Çin’in dönüşümü. M. Leliç (Çev.). İstanbul: Modus Kitap.
  • Weissmann, M. (2015). Chinese foreign policy in a global perspective: A responsible reformer “striving for achivement”. Journal of China and International Relations, 3(1), 151-166.
  • Westad, O. (2013). Restless empire China and the world since 1750. London: Vintage Books.
  • Womack, B. (2017). How size matters the United States, China, and asymmetry. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 73-100) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Yahuda, M. (2007). China’s foreign policy comes of age. The International Spectator, 42(3), 337-350, DOI:1 0.1080/039.327.20701567562.
  • Zeng, J. (2020). Slogan politics: Understanding Chinese foreign policy concepts. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Zhang, B. (2010). Chinese foreign policy in transition: Trends and implications. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39(2), 39-68.
  • Zhao, Q. (2017). Chinese foreign policy in the Post-Cold War era. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 295-322) içinde. New York: Routledge. Zhu, L. (2010). China’s foreign policy debates. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies. Zhu, Z. (2013). Foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China. R. K. Beasley v.d. (Ed.) Foreign policy in comprarative perspective (ss. 118-137) içinde. California: CQ Press

Continuity and Change in China’s Foreign Policy

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 72 - 96, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1206674

Abstract

Founded in 1949, the People's Republic of China has succeeded in steadily increasing its role in international politics. Since the 2000s, China has become a global actor and power. China has an increasing influence in the world economy and politics. As its economic and military power increases, the possibility of China's pursuit of regional and global dominance worries many actors. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand China's regional and global policies. As China becomes a global power, uncertainties about the country's foreign policy increase. China, which has been trying to integrate with the international system since 1978, no longer avoids initiatives that can create an alternative to existing international organizations. China, which has not avoided using harsh rhetoric in foreign policy in recent years, has started to adopt an increasingly assertive stance. It is a matter of curiosity to what extent China's attitudes and behaviors have changed and to what extent they are continuous. The main purpose of this study is to determine the constant and changing elements in China's foreign policy goals, strategies, and means. In this study, general trends in Chinese foreign policy are analyzed. It is determined that the changes in China's recent foreign policy are mostly at the level of discourse. It concludes that these changes cannot be considered a serious deviation from the traditional foreign policy trends of the country. Persistent elements of Chinese foreign policy, such as making up for the losses of the century of humiliation and preserving the power of the Chinese Communist Party, are still valid.

References

  • Brown, K. (2017). China’s foreign policy since 2012. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 3(3), 325–339. DOI:10.1142/S237.774.001750018X.
  • Chen, D. ve Wang, J. (2011). Lying low no more? China’s new thinking on the tao guang yang hui strategy. China: An International Journal, 9(2), 195-216. DOI:10.1142/S021.974.7211000136
  • Christensen, T. (2017). Chinese realpolitik, G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. 59-71) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Clements, J. (2021). Çin nasıl Çin oldu?. C. Mavituna (Çev.). İstanbul: Metropolis Yayıncılık.
  • Deng, Y. (2008). China’s struggle for status. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dillon, M. (2016). Modernleşen Çin’in tarihi. E. Ü. Atılgan ve A. Atılgan (Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları . Dittmer, L. (2017). Foreword. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. XI-XVI) İçinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Dittmer, L. (2017). The Sino-Russian strategic partnership. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 211-232) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Ekman, A. (2012). China’s two-track foreign policy from ambiguous to clear-cut positions. Asie Vision 53, Center for Asian Studies, 1-29.
  • Fairbank, J. K. (1968). Chinese world order; traditional China’s foreign relations. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Fairbank, J. K. (1969). China’s foreign policy in historical perspective. Foreign Affairs. 47(3), 449-463.
  • Feng, H. (2015). Foreign policy analysis in China. K. Brummer and V. M. Hudson (Ed.), Foreign policy analysis beyond North America (s. 15-36) içinde. London: Lynne Rienner Publisher.
  • Feng, H., He, K. ve Yan, X. (2019). Chinese scholars and foreign policy. New York: Routledge.
  • Foot, R. (2016). China and the Tian’anmen crisis of June 1989. S. Smith et. al. (Ed.), Foreign policy theories, actors, cases (ss. 334-355) içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Haenle, P. (2020). What the coronavirus means for China’s foreign policy. Carnege Endowment for International Peace. Erişim Adresi: https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/03/11/what-coronavirusmeans-for-china-s-foreign-policy-pub-81259, (Erişim Tarihi:11.03.2020.)
  • Harris, S. (2014). Çin dış politikası. A. Y. Şir (Çev.). İstanbul: İyidüşün Yayınları
  • Holsti, K. J. (1970). National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy. International Studies Quarterly, 14(3), 233 – 309.
  • Hudson, V. (2016). The history and evolution of foreign policy analysis. S. Smith et. al. (Ed.) Foreign policy theories, actors, cases (ss. 13-34) içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jacques, M. (2016). Çin hükmettiğinde dünyayı neler bekliyor?, S. Oğuz (Çev.). Ankara: Akılçelen Kitaplar.
  • Johnson, S. (2019, 20 Kasım). China’s trade dominance dealt a blow after US gains. Finacial Times, Erişim Adresi: https://www.ft.com/content/c9665df6-0ab7-11ea-b2d6-9bf4d1957a67.
  • Johnston, A. I. (2017). China’s militarized ınterstate dispute behaviour 1949-1992. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 259-293) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kane, T. (2017). China’s foundations guiding principles of Chinese foreign policy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 101-115) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kim, S. S. (2017). China’s path to great power status in the globalization era. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 353-385) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Kissinger, H. (2015). Çin dünden bugüne yeni Çin. N. Çeper (Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Kobierecka, A. (2022). Post-covid China: ‘vaccine diplomacy’ and the new developments of Chinese foreign policy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. DOI:10.1057/s41254.022.00266-2.
  • Lampton, D. M. (2017). Think again China. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (s. 163-176) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Levi, W. (1953). Modern China’s foreign policy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Liu, G. (2017). Introduction. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 1-25) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Liu, G. (Ed). (2017). Chinese foreign policy in transtion. New York: Routledge.
  • Lynch, D. C. (2015). China’s futures. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Medeiros, E. ve Fravel, M. (2017). China’s new diplomacy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 387-398) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Minqi, L. (2017). Çin ve 21. yüzyıl krizi. T. B. Işık (Çev.). İstanbul: Yazılama Yayınevi.
  • Ng-Quinn, M. (2017). The analytic study of Chinese foreign policy. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 25-58) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Pradt, T. (2016). China’s new foreign policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ross, R. (2017). Beijing as a conservative power. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 141-150) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Rozman, G. (2017). China’s quest for great power identity. G. Liu (Ed). Chinese foreign policy in transtion (ss. 119-140) içinde. New York: Routledge.
  • Shambaugh, D. (2020). China’s long march to global power. D. Shambaugh (Ed.). China and the World (ss. 3-24) içinde. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sprout, H. ve Sprout, M. (1957). Environmental factors in the study of international politics. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1(4), 309-328.
  • Statistics Times. (2022). Top 10 largest economies in the World. Erişim Adresi: https://www.statisticstimes. com/economy/largest-economies-in-the-world.php. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.11. 2022.)
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zekeriyya Akdağ 0000-0002-0866-603X

Publication Date March 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akdağ, Z. (2023). Çin Dış Politikasında Süreklilik ve Değişim. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 72-96. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1206674