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Beyaz Perdeden Mobil Ekranlara: Değişen Ekran Kullanımlarının İzleyici Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 44 - 61, 28.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.55055/mekcad.1364537

Abstract

Sinemanın toplumla ilk buluşmasının ardından gerçekleşen tüm teknolojik yenilikler, izleyici üzerine çeşitli etkilere sahip olmuş ve içerik ile olan etkileşimini değiştirmiştir. Gelişen teknolojik olanaklar sayesinde alışılagelmiş izleme eğilimleri değişim göstermiş, yeni bir izleyici kültürü ortaya çıkmıştır. Dijital platformların yaygınlaşması hem izleyici kültürü üzerinde hem de izleme eyleminde kullanılan araçlar üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Beyaz perdeden zamanla mobil ekranlara kadar taşınan izleme eylemi nedeniyle de değişen psikolojik ve sosyolojik yapılardan bahsetmek olanaklı hâle gelmiştir. Bu nedenle değişen ekran kullanımlarının izleyici üzerindeki sosyolojik ve psikolojik etkilerin araştırılması gerekli görülmüştür. Uluslararası ölçekte çeşitli araştırmaların gerçekleştirildiği konuya ilişkin Türkiye’de yeteri kadar çalışma gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Araştırmada, Türkiye’de değişen izleme eğilimleri gözetilerek yeni izleyici kültüründeki izleyici-içerik etkileşimi sorgulanmış, yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler yorumlanarak değişen ekran kullanımlarının etkileri tartışılmıştır. Genç kuşakların evlerinin konforundan ayrılmadan içerik tüketmek istedikleri görülmüş, genellikle mümkün olan en büyük ekranla içerik izlemek istedikleri bulgulanmıştır Genç kuşaklar her ne kadar mobil ve bireysel bir izleme eylemine yönelmiş olsalar da sinema salonlarının hâlâ en iyi izleme deneyimi sağlayan mekânlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Amornchewin, R., & Sitdhisanguan, K. (2017). Evaluation of the impact of tablet screen size on children tracing performance. Artificial Life and Robotics, 22(2), 191-196.
  • Allen, I. (1999). Screen size: The impact on picture and sound. Cinema Technology, 12(1), 16-19.
  • Auter, P. J. (1992). Psychometric:TV that talks back: An experimental validation of a parasocial interaction scale. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 36(2), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159209364165
  • Barnett, T., Jain, S., Andra, U., & Khurana, T. (2018). Cisco visual networking index (vni) complete forecast update, 2017–2022. Americas/EMEAR Cisco Knowledge Network (CKN) Presentation, 1-30
  • Burns, R. W. (2000). John Logie Baird: Television Pioneer (History of Technology Series No. 28). London: The Institution of Electrical Engineers.
  • Ceci, L. (2023). U.S. Device Usage For Weekly Online Video Viewing 2022. Hamburg.
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  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Dimock, M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and generation Z begins, Pew Research Center, USA, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/
  • Grabe, M. E., Lombard, M., Reich, R. D., Bracken, C. C., & Ditton, T. B. (1999). The role of screen size in viewer experiences of media content. Visual communication quarterly, 6(2), 4-9.
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82.
  • Hou, J., Nam, Y., Peng, W., & Lee, K. M. (2012). Effects of screen size, viewing angle, and players’ immersion tendencies on game experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 617-623.
  • Horton, D., & Richard Wohl, R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229.
  • Howe, N., Strauss, W. (1991). Generations: The History of America's Future 1584 to 2069. UK: Harper Collins.
  • Koçak, A. (2001). Televizyon izleyici davranışları televizyon izleyicilerinin tercihleri ve doyumları üzerine teorik ve uygulamalı bir çalışma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • Kvale, S., Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. USA: Sage.
  • Lee, C. C., Chiang, H. S., & Hsiao, M. H. (2020). Effects of screen size and visual presentation on visual fatigue based on regional brain wave activity. The Journal of Supercomputing. doi:10.1007/s11227-020-03458-w Lombard, M., Ditton, T. B., Grabe, M. E., & Reich, R. D. (1997). The role of screen size in viewer responses to television fare. Communication reports, 10(1), 95-106.
  • Neuman, W. R. (1990). Beyond HDTV: Exploring subjective responses to very high definition television, Research Report for GTE Labs and the TVOT Consortium. Cambridge: MIT.
  • O'Hara, K., Mitchell, A. S., & Vorbau, A. (2007). Consuming video on mobile devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Pp. 857-866).
  • Özsoy, A. (2011). Televizyon ve İzleyici, Türkiye’de Dönüşen Televizyon Kültürü ve İzleyici, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3. bs). US: Sage Publications. Reeves, B., Lang, A., Kim, E. Y., & Tatar, D. (1999). The effects of screen size and message content on attention and arousal. Media Psychology, 1(1), 49-67.
  • RTÜK (2018). Televizyon İzleme Eğilimleri Araştırması-2018. Ankara: Kamuoyu Yayın Araştırmaları ve Ölçme Dairesi Başkanlığı.
  • Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College Press.
  • Troscianko, T., Meese, T. S., & Hinde, S. (2012). Perception while watching movies: Effects of physical screen size and scene type. Perception, 3(7), 414-425.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Simsek, H. (2021). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zevenbergen, R. (2007). Digital natives come to preschool: Implications for early childhood practice. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 8(1), 19-29.

From the Movie Screen to the Mobile Screen: The Effects of Changing Screen Usage on the Audience

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 44 - 61, 28.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.55055/mekcad.1364537

Abstract

All the technological innovations that took place after the first meeting of cinema with society had various effects on the audience and changed its interaction with the content. By means of the developing technological opportunities, the usual viewing trends have changed and a new audience culture has emerged. The proliferation of digital platforms had an impact on both audience culture and the tools used in the act of watching. Due to the viewing action carried from the movie screen to the mobile screens in the course of time, it becomes possible to talk about changing psychological and sociological structures. For this reason, it was considered necessary to investigate the sociological and psychological effects of changing the use of screens on the audience. Despite various research which were conducted on the international scale related to the issue research, we don’t observe enough studies in Turkey about the aforementioned issue. In this study, the audience-content interaction in the new audience culture was questioned, taking into account the changing viewing trends in Turkey, and the effects of changing screen usage were discussed by interpreting the data obtained through the semi-structured in-depth interview method. It has been observed that young generations want to consume content without leaving the comfort of their homes, and it has been found that they generally want to watch content on the largest screen possible. Although young generations tend to execute mobile and individual watching activities, it was found that movie theatres are still the places that provide the best viewing experience.

References

  • Amornchewin, R., & Sitdhisanguan, K. (2017). Evaluation of the impact of tablet screen size on children tracing performance. Artificial Life and Robotics, 22(2), 191-196.
  • Allen, I. (1999). Screen size: The impact on picture and sound. Cinema Technology, 12(1), 16-19.
  • Auter, P. J. (1992). Psychometric:TV that talks back: An experimental validation of a parasocial interaction scale. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 36(2), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159209364165
  • Barnett, T., Jain, S., Andra, U., & Khurana, T. (2018). Cisco visual networking index (vni) complete forecast update, 2017–2022. Americas/EMEAR Cisco Knowledge Network (CKN) Presentation, 1-30
  • Burns, R. W. (2000). John Logie Baird: Television Pioneer (History of Technology Series No. 28). London: The Institution of Electrical Engineers.
  • Ceci, L. (2023). U.S. Device Usage For Weekly Online Video Viewing 2022. Hamburg.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma Deseni Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları. Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Dimock, M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and generation Z begins, Pew Research Center, USA, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/
  • Grabe, M. E., Lombard, M., Reich, R. D., Bracken, C. C., & Ditton, T. B. (1999). The role of screen size in viewer experiences of media content. Visual communication quarterly, 6(2), 4-9.
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82.
  • Hou, J., Nam, Y., Peng, W., & Lee, K. M. (2012). Effects of screen size, viewing angle, and players’ immersion tendencies on game experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 617-623.
  • Horton, D., & Richard Wohl, R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229.
  • Howe, N., Strauss, W. (1991). Generations: The History of America's Future 1584 to 2069. UK: Harper Collins.
  • Koçak, A. (2001). Televizyon izleyici davranışları televizyon izleyicilerinin tercihleri ve doyumları üzerine teorik ve uygulamalı bir çalışma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • Kvale, S., Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. USA: Sage.
  • Lee, C. C., Chiang, H. S., & Hsiao, M. H. (2020). Effects of screen size and visual presentation on visual fatigue based on regional brain wave activity. The Journal of Supercomputing. doi:10.1007/s11227-020-03458-w Lombard, M., Ditton, T. B., Grabe, M. E., & Reich, R. D. (1997). The role of screen size in viewer responses to television fare. Communication reports, 10(1), 95-106.
  • Neuman, W. R. (1990). Beyond HDTV: Exploring subjective responses to very high definition television, Research Report for GTE Labs and the TVOT Consortium. Cambridge: MIT.
  • O'Hara, K., Mitchell, A. S., & Vorbau, A. (2007). Consuming video on mobile devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Pp. 857-866).
  • Özsoy, A. (2011). Televizyon ve İzleyici, Türkiye’de Dönüşen Televizyon Kültürü ve İzleyici, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3. bs). US: Sage Publications. Reeves, B., Lang, A., Kim, E. Y., & Tatar, D. (1999). The effects of screen size and message content on attention and arousal. Media Psychology, 1(1), 49-67.
  • RTÜK (2018). Televizyon İzleme Eğilimleri Araştırması-2018. Ankara: Kamuoyu Yayın Araştırmaları ve Ölçme Dairesi Başkanlığı.
  • Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College Press.
  • Troscianko, T., Meese, T. S., & Hinde, S. (2012). Perception while watching movies: Effects of physical screen size and scene type. Perception, 3(7), 414-425.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Simsek, H. (2021). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zevenbergen, R. (2007). Digital natives come to preschool: Implications for early childhood practice. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 8(1), 19-29.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication Studies, Communication and Media Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Türker Söğütlüler 0000-0003-1154-1112

Osman Aday 0000-0002-1333-4355

Publication Date October 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Söğütlüler, T., & Aday, O. (2023). From the Movie Screen to the Mobile Screen: The Effects of Changing Screen Usage on the Audience. Medya Ve Kültürel Çalışmalar Dergisi, 5(2), 44-61. https://doi.org/10.55055/mekcad.1364537