Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 240 - 263, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.988011

Abstract

References

  • Akat, Abdullah. (2012). “Çoklu Karadeniz Kemençesi” (Multi Kemanche of Black Sea). Porte Akademik. 3(2): 1-9.
  • Akat, Abdullah. (2017). “Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Müziklerinin Popülerleşme Süreci ve Etkileşimleri,” (Popularization Process of Eastern Black Sea Region Music and Its Influences), Paper presented at the Uluslararası Asya ve Kuzey Afrika Çalışmaları Kongresi, Bildiriler: Müzik Kültürü ve Eğitimi, C1, Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, (pp. 1-14). Retrieved from https://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/AKAT-Abdullah-DOĞU-KARADENİZ-BÖLGESİ-MÜZİKLERİNİN-POPÜLERLEŞME-SÜRECİ-VE-ETKİLENİMLERİ.pdf .
  • Allen, Aaron S. (2011). “Ecomusicology: Ecocriticism and Musicology”. Journal of the American Musicological Society. 64(2): 391-394.
  • Allen, Aaron S. (25. 07. 2013). “Ecomusicology”. Grove Music Online. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002240765 [Accessed 28 August 2020].
  • Allen, Aaron S., Titon, Jeff Todd and Von Glahn, Denise (2014). “Sustainability and Sound: Ecomusicology Inside and Outside the University”. Music and Politics. VII (2). http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mp.9460447.0008.205
  • Albuquerque, Ulysses P. and Angelo G. C. Alves. (2016). “What is Ethnobiology” Introduction to Ethnobiology, ed. Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque and Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves: pp. 3-7, London: Springer.
  • Albuquerque, Ulysses P.; Paiva de Lucena, Reinaldo Farias; Cruz da Cunha, Luiz Vital Fernandes; Alves, Romulo Romeu Nobrega. (2019). Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology. New York: Humana Press.
  • Anderson, Eguene N. (2011). “Ethnobiology: Overview of a Growing Field” Ethnobiology. Ed. E. N. Anderson, Deborah M. Pearsall, Eugene S. Hunn and Nancy J. Turner: pp. 1- 14, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Bahr, Donald M., Haefer, J. Richard. (1978). “Song in Piman Curing”. Ethnomusicology. 22(1): 89-122.
  • Baily, John. (1976). “Recent Changes in the Dutār of Herat”. Asian Music. 8(1): 29-64.
  • Balcı, Aydın. (2001). “Geçmişten Günümüze Karadeniz Kemençesi ve Yapımı Üzerine Çalışma” (Study on the Black Sea Kemençe and Its Production from Past to Present). Master Dissertation. Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul: Turkey.
  • Bates, Eliot. (2012). “The Social Life of Musical Instruments”. Ethnomusicology. 56(3): 363-395.
  • Berkes, Fikret. (2012). Sacred Ecology. New York: Routledge.
  • Bock, Cherice (26.10.2017). “Trust Author Profile: Jeff Todd Titon”. Whole Terrain. Retrieved from http://www.wholeterrain.com/201704trust-author-profile-jeff-todd-titon/
  • Boyle, W. Alice; Waterman, Ellen. (2016). “The Ecology of Musical Performance: Towards a Robust Methodology.” In Current Directions in Ecomusicology. Eds. Aaron S. Allen and Kevin Dawe: pp. 25-39. New York: Routledge.
  • Bronfenbrenner, Urie. (2005). Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development. California: SAGE.
  • Churton, Mel. (2000). Skills-Based Sociology: Theory and Method. London: Macmillan.
  • Dawe, Kevin. (2001). “People, Objects, Meaning: Recent Work on the Study and Collection of Musical Instruments”. The Galpin Society Journal. 54: 219-232.
  • Dawe, Kevin. (2012). “The Cultural Study of Musical Instruments” The Cultural Study of Music: A Critical Introduction, Ed. Martin Clayton, Trevor Herbert and Richard Middleton: pp. 195-205. New York: Routledge.
  • Dawe, Kevin. (2016). “Materials Matter: Towards a Political Ecology of Musical Instruments Making” Current Directions in Ecomusicology, Ed. Aaron S. Allen and Kevin Dawe: pp. 109-121. New York: Routledge.
  • Demir, Ceyhun. (17.09.2018). “Ağaç öldüğünde enstrüman olarak tekrar canlanır,” (When the tree dies, it comes to life again as a musical instrument). Facebook, accessed February 21, 2020, Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/ceyhundemir.kemenceatolyesi/photos/a.482932945496516/560259531097190/?type=3&theater
  • Demir, Necati. (2005). “Trabzon ve Yöresinde Kemençe” (Kemençe in Trabzon and its Region). Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 4: 79-90.
  • De Mori, Berndt Brabec. (2018). “Music and Non-Human Agency” Ethnomusicology: A Contemporary Reader Volume II. Ed. Jennifer C. Post: 181-194. New York: Routledge.
  • DiyanetTV. (2015, 30.01.2020). Bir De Bana Sor: Hasan Sancak 90. Bölüm. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z74qbw0GUA
  • Feld, Steven. (2003). “A Rainforest Acoustemology.” In The Auditory Culture Reader, Ed. Michell Bull and Les Back, 223-239. Oxford: Berg.
  • Feld, Steven. (2012). Sound and Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics, and Song in Kaluli Expression. Durham& London: Duke University Press.
  • Feld, Steven. (2015). “Acoustemology.” Keywords in Sound, Eds. David Novak and Matt Sakakeeny: pp. 12-21. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro; Lepofsky, Dana. (2019). “Ethnobiology Through Song”. Journal of Ethnobiology. 39(3): 337-353.
  • Garrido-Perez, Edgardo I. (2015). “Salsa With Coconut: Challenges for Conservation Biology, Food Emphasis, and Ethno-Ecology of Afro-Caribbean Dance”. Ambiente & Sociedade. 18(4): 173-194.
  • Grame, Theodore C. (1962). “Bamboo and Music: A New Approach to Organology”. Ethnomusicology. 6(1): 8-14.
  • Guyette, Margaret Q. and Post, Jennifer C. (2016). “Ecomusicology, Ethnomusicology, and Soundscape Ecology: Scientific and Musical Responses to Sound Study.” In Current Directions in Ecomusicology, Ed. Aaron S. Allen and Kevin Dawe, 40-56. New York: Routledge.
  • Herzog, George. (1945). “Drum Signaling in a West African Tribe”. Word. 1: 217-238.
  • Lermi, Apolas. (2011). Ağasar Horonu [Recorded by Apolas Lermi]. on Kalandar [CD]. Istanbul: Anadolu Tur Reklam.
  • Miller, Terry E.; Shahriari, Andrew. (2017). World Music: A Global Journey. New York: Routledge.
  • Osman Deniz. (2012, 30.01.2020). Oktay Üst- Kemençe Yapımı. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VbZP8RjLfc .
  • Özkurt, C. Yunus (17.09.2015). Bir Türkünün Anatomisi-4 koryanali, Retrieved from http://www.koryanali.com/koryanali_huseyin_kose/bir_turkunun_anatomisi_4.pdf
  • Pelikoğlu, Mehmet Can. (2009) “Trabzon Yöresi Halk Müziği ve Kolbastı,” (Trabzon Area Folk Music and Kolbastı). Sanat Dergisi. 16: 37-44.
  • Picken, Laurence. (1953-1954). “Instrumental Polyphonic Folk Music in Asia Minor”. Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association. 80: 73-86.
  • Prati, Laissa E.; Paula Couto, Maria Clara P. de; Poletto, Michele; de Morais, Normanda A.; Santos Poludo, Simone dos; Koller, Silivia H. (2019). “Revisiting the Ecological Engagement: New Aspects and New Research Examples”. Ecological Engagement: Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Method to Study Human Development. Ed. Silvia Helena Koller, Simone dos Santos Paludo, Normanda Araujo de Morais: pp. 29-48. Cham: Springer.
  • Rancier, Megan. (2014). “The Musical Instrument as National Archive: A Case Study of the Kazakh Qyl-qobyz”. Ethnomusicology. 58(3): 379-404.
  • Robertson, Carol. (1976). “Tayil as a Category and Communication Among the Argentine Mapuche: A Methodological Suggestion”. Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council. 8:35-52.
  • Rosa, Edinete Maria; Tudge, Jonathan. (2013). “Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Theory of Human Development: Its Evolution From Ecology to Bioecology”. Journal of Family Theory & Review. 5: 243-258.
  • Schippers, Huib., and Bendrups, Dan. (2015). “Ethnomusicology, Ecology and the Sustainability of Music Cultures”. The World of Music. 4(1): 9-19.
  • Seeger, Anthony. (1987). Why Suya Sing: A Musical Anthropology of an Amazonian People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stokes, Martin. (2002). “Marx, Money, and Musicians” Music and Marx: Ideas, Practices, Politics. Ed. Regula B. Qureshi: 139-163. New York: Routledge.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2013). “The Nature of Ecomusicology”. Musica e Cultura. 8(1): 8-18.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2015). “Exhibiting Music in a Sound Community,” Ethnologies. 37(1): 23-41.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2019). “Ecojustice, Religious Folklife and a Sound Ecology”. Yale Journal of Music & Religion. 5(2):103-116.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2020). Toward a Sound Ecology: New and Selected Essays. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Tresch, John; Dolan, Emily I. (2013). “Toward a New Organology: Instruments of Music and Science”. Osiris. 28(1): 278-298.
  • Wendt, Caroline Card. (2008). “Tuareg Music” The Garland Handbook of African Music, Ed. Ruth Stone: pp. 258-280. New York: Routledge.
  • Wright, Claire. (2017). “Towards an Interdisciplinary Focus on Sound in Ethnobiology Research”. Ethnobiology Letters. 8(1): 58-60.

Sound Ethnobiology of Musical Instruments: A Sound View of Nature in Manufacturing Kemençe

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 240 - 263, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.988011

Abstract

Kemençe (small three-stringed fiddle) is mostly performed in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. In this study, we examine the manufacturing process of kemençe considering its relationship with natural sources. Data about the production and performance of kemençe are collected by fieldwork since 2018. In this context, the first author took kemençe courses from Ilyas Parlak, a well-known kemençe player, to understand the performance of the instrument in the region. He also held interviews with the luthiers to understand the usage of the biological and non-biological materials in the making process of this instrument. In this study, we propose the term sound ethnobiology to reveal how instruments are associated with nature in relation to their manufacture and performance. We have considered the term sound ethnobiology of musical instruments into five categories which are interrelated to each other. These categories are ‘bioecological sources of sound production’, ‘ecological knowledge of sound production’, ‘timbre arrangement of producing proper sound’, ‘traditional ecological knowledge of the sound of musical instruments’, and ‘ecological meanings of musical instruments’. We have put forward the manufacturing process and performances of the kemençe and its relationship to the nature in and around Trabzon by considering these five categories. Thus, we revealed that the kemençe making process is strongly tied to the interpretation of the natural sources in the region. This interpretation of the usage of the natural sources creates the traditional ecological knowledge of kemençe which is also strongly connected to its ecological meaning and the nature of the Eastern Black Sea region.

References

  • Akat, Abdullah. (2012). “Çoklu Karadeniz Kemençesi” (Multi Kemanche of Black Sea). Porte Akademik. 3(2): 1-9.
  • Akat, Abdullah. (2017). “Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Müziklerinin Popülerleşme Süreci ve Etkileşimleri,” (Popularization Process of Eastern Black Sea Region Music and Its Influences), Paper presented at the Uluslararası Asya ve Kuzey Afrika Çalışmaları Kongresi, Bildiriler: Müzik Kültürü ve Eğitimi, C1, Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, (pp. 1-14). Retrieved from https://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/AKAT-Abdullah-DOĞU-KARADENİZ-BÖLGESİ-MÜZİKLERİNİN-POPÜLERLEŞME-SÜRECİ-VE-ETKİLENİMLERİ.pdf .
  • Allen, Aaron S. (2011). “Ecomusicology: Ecocriticism and Musicology”. Journal of the American Musicological Society. 64(2): 391-394.
  • Allen, Aaron S. (25. 07. 2013). “Ecomusicology”. Grove Music Online. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002240765 [Accessed 28 August 2020].
  • Allen, Aaron S., Titon, Jeff Todd and Von Glahn, Denise (2014). “Sustainability and Sound: Ecomusicology Inside and Outside the University”. Music and Politics. VII (2). http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mp.9460447.0008.205
  • Albuquerque, Ulysses P. and Angelo G. C. Alves. (2016). “What is Ethnobiology” Introduction to Ethnobiology, ed. Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque and Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves: pp. 3-7, London: Springer.
  • Albuquerque, Ulysses P.; Paiva de Lucena, Reinaldo Farias; Cruz da Cunha, Luiz Vital Fernandes; Alves, Romulo Romeu Nobrega. (2019). Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology. New York: Humana Press.
  • Anderson, Eguene N. (2011). “Ethnobiology: Overview of a Growing Field” Ethnobiology. Ed. E. N. Anderson, Deborah M. Pearsall, Eugene S. Hunn and Nancy J. Turner: pp. 1- 14, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Bahr, Donald M., Haefer, J. Richard. (1978). “Song in Piman Curing”. Ethnomusicology. 22(1): 89-122.
  • Baily, John. (1976). “Recent Changes in the Dutār of Herat”. Asian Music. 8(1): 29-64.
  • Balcı, Aydın. (2001). “Geçmişten Günümüze Karadeniz Kemençesi ve Yapımı Üzerine Çalışma” (Study on the Black Sea Kemençe and Its Production from Past to Present). Master Dissertation. Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul: Turkey.
  • Bates, Eliot. (2012). “The Social Life of Musical Instruments”. Ethnomusicology. 56(3): 363-395.
  • Berkes, Fikret. (2012). Sacred Ecology. New York: Routledge.
  • Bock, Cherice (26.10.2017). “Trust Author Profile: Jeff Todd Titon”. Whole Terrain. Retrieved from http://www.wholeterrain.com/201704trust-author-profile-jeff-todd-titon/
  • Boyle, W. Alice; Waterman, Ellen. (2016). “The Ecology of Musical Performance: Towards a Robust Methodology.” In Current Directions in Ecomusicology. Eds. Aaron S. Allen and Kevin Dawe: pp. 25-39. New York: Routledge.
  • Bronfenbrenner, Urie. (2005). Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development. California: SAGE.
  • Churton, Mel. (2000). Skills-Based Sociology: Theory and Method. London: Macmillan.
  • Dawe, Kevin. (2001). “People, Objects, Meaning: Recent Work on the Study and Collection of Musical Instruments”. The Galpin Society Journal. 54: 219-232.
  • Dawe, Kevin. (2012). “The Cultural Study of Musical Instruments” The Cultural Study of Music: A Critical Introduction, Ed. Martin Clayton, Trevor Herbert and Richard Middleton: pp. 195-205. New York: Routledge.
  • Dawe, Kevin. (2016). “Materials Matter: Towards a Political Ecology of Musical Instruments Making” Current Directions in Ecomusicology, Ed. Aaron S. Allen and Kevin Dawe: pp. 109-121. New York: Routledge.
  • Demir, Ceyhun. (17.09.2018). “Ağaç öldüğünde enstrüman olarak tekrar canlanır,” (When the tree dies, it comes to life again as a musical instrument). Facebook, accessed February 21, 2020, Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/ceyhundemir.kemenceatolyesi/photos/a.482932945496516/560259531097190/?type=3&theater
  • Demir, Necati. (2005). “Trabzon ve Yöresinde Kemençe” (Kemençe in Trabzon and its Region). Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 4: 79-90.
  • De Mori, Berndt Brabec. (2018). “Music and Non-Human Agency” Ethnomusicology: A Contemporary Reader Volume II. Ed. Jennifer C. Post: 181-194. New York: Routledge.
  • DiyanetTV. (2015, 30.01.2020). Bir De Bana Sor: Hasan Sancak 90. Bölüm. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z74qbw0GUA
  • Feld, Steven. (2003). “A Rainforest Acoustemology.” In The Auditory Culture Reader, Ed. Michell Bull and Les Back, 223-239. Oxford: Berg.
  • Feld, Steven. (2012). Sound and Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics, and Song in Kaluli Expression. Durham& London: Duke University Press.
  • Feld, Steven. (2015). “Acoustemology.” Keywords in Sound, Eds. David Novak and Matt Sakakeeny: pp. 12-21. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro; Lepofsky, Dana. (2019). “Ethnobiology Through Song”. Journal of Ethnobiology. 39(3): 337-353.
  • Garrido-Perez, Edgardo I. (2015). “Salsa With Coconut: Challenges for Conservation Biology, Food Emphasis, and Ethno-Ecology of Afro-Caribbean Dance”. Ambiente & Sociedade. 18(4): 173-194.
  • Grame, Theodore C. (1962). “Bamboo and Music: A New Approach to Organology”. Ethnomusicology. 6(1): 8-14.
  • Guyette, Margaret Q. and Post, Jennifer C. (2016). “Ecomusicology, Ethnomusicology, and Soundscape Ecology: Scientific and Musical Responses to Sound Study.” In Current Directions in Ecomusicology, Ed. Aaron S. Allen and Kevin Dawe, 40-56. New York: Routledge.
  • Herzog, George. (1945). “Drum Signaling in a West African Tribe”. Word. 1: 217-238.
  • Lermi, Apolas. (2011). Ağasar Horonu [Recorded by Apolas Lermi]. on Kalandar [CD]. Istanbul: Anadolu Tur Reklam.
  • Miller, Terry E.; Shahriari, Andrew. (2017). World Music: A Global Journey. New York: Routledge.
  • Osman Deniz. (2012, 30.01.2020). Oktay Üst- Kemençe Yapımı. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VbZP8RjLfc .
  • Özkurt, C. Yunus (17.09.2015). Bir Türkünün Anatomisi-4 koryanali, Retrieved from http://www.koryanali.com/koryanali_huseyin_kose/bir_turkunun_anatomisi_4.pdf
  • Pelikoğlu, Mehmet Can. (2009) “Trabzon Yöresi Halk Müziği ve Kolbastı,” (Trabzon Area Folk Music and Kolbastı). Sanat Dergisi. 16: 37-44.
  • Picken, Laurence. (1953-1954). “Instrumental Polyphonic Folk Music in Asia Minor”. Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association. 80: 73-86.
  • Prati, Laissa E.; Paula Couto, Maria Clara P. de; Poletto, Michele; de Morais, Normanda A.; Santos Poludo, Simone dos; Koller, Silivia H. (2019). “Revisiting the Ecological Engagement: New Aspects and New Research Examples”. Ecological Engagement: Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Method to Study Human Development. Ed. Silvia Helena Koller, Simone dos Santos Paludo, Normanda Araujo de Morais: pp. 29-48. Cham: Springer.
  • Rancier, Megan. (2014). “The Musical Instrument as National Archive: A Case Study of the Kazakh Qyl-qobyz”. Ethnomusicology. 58(3): 379-404.
  • Robertson, Carol. (1976). “Tayil as a Category and Communication Among the Argentine Mapuche: A Methodological Suggestion”. Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council. 8:35-52.
  • Rosa, Edinete Maria; Tudge, Jonathan. (2013). “Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Theory of Human Development: Its Evolution From Ecology to Bioecology”. Journal of Family Theory & Review. 5: 243-258.
  • Schippers, Huib., and Bendrups, Dan. (2015). “Ethnomusicology, Ecology and the Sustainability of Music Cultures”. The World of Music. 4(1): 9-19.
  • Seeger, Anthony. (1987). Why Suya Sing: A Musical Anthropology of an Amazonian People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stokes, Martin. (2002). “Marx, Money, and Musicians” Music and Marx: Ideas, Practices, Politics. Ed. Regula B. Qureshi: 139-163. New York: Routledge.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2013). “The Nature of Ecomusicology”. Musica e Cultura. 8(1): 8-18.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2015). “Exhibiting Music in a Sound Community,” Ethnologies. 37(1): 23-41.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2019). “Ecojustice, Religious Folklife and a Sound Ecology”. Yale Journal of Music & Religion. 5(2):103-116.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd. (2020). Toward a Sound Ecology: New and Selected Essays. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Tresch, John; Dolan, Emily I. (2013). “Toward a New Organology: Instruments of Music and Science”. Osiris. 28(1): 278-298.
  • Wendt, Caroline Card. (2008). “Tuareg Music” The Garland Handbook of African Music, Ed. Ruth Stone: pp. 258-280. New York: Routledge.
  • Wright, Claire. (2017). “Towards an Interdisciplinary Focus on Sound in Ethnobiology Research”. Ethnobiology Letters. 8(1): 58-60.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Anthropology, Music
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Uğur Aslan 0000-0002-4421-3687

Songül Karahasanoğlu 0000-0003-3861-1088

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aslan, U., & Karahasanoğlu, S. (2021). Sound Ethnobiology of Musical Instruments: A Sound View of Nature in Manufacturing Kemençe. Musicologist, 5(2), 240-263. https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.988011