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India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 143 - 164, 31.10.2021

Abstract

In contemporary world politics, India and Iran occupy great strategic significance. Both countries have huge convergence of national interests. Collaboration and cooperation between the countries would resolve their respective domestic issues and challenges and play a determining role in strengthening their role in global affairs. For a fast-growing economy and energy deficit country like India, Iran provides access to a huge amount of natural resources and opens up its vast untapped market for Indian finished goods and services. In addition to that, Iran, due to its geographic location can act as a transit route for India to reach strategically important countries in Central Asia and Afghanistan. Being the second-largest Shia populated country in the world after Iran and one of the highest energy importing countries, India occupies an important place in the strategic thinking of Iran. In the past, India was the second-largest oil-exporting destination for Iran and an important trading partner for Iran. Taking the structural realism as a theoretical framework, the article attempts to seek an answer to the questions, why despite belonging to a single-family, living together for many centuries and sharing common social, religious and traditional values, the two countries have been unable to transform their mutual understanding into a long term strategic partnership, and how the global events have affected their mutual understanding and replaced it with trust deficit.

References

  • Alam, A. (Ed.). (2011). India and Iran relations: An assessment of contemporary relations. New Century Publications, New Delhi.
  • Alam, M. (2008). India and Iran: Geopolitical and geostrategic partners. Rajendra M. Abhyankar (Ed.). West Asia and the region defining India’s role. Academic Foundation, New Delhi.
  • Annual Statement. (2003-2004). Foreign Affairs Ministry, Government of India. Retrieved from http://www.mea.gov.in/Uploads/PublicationDocs/165_Annual-Report-2003-2004.pdf on 10/12/2019
  • Arjomand, S. A. (2009). After Khomeini: Iran under his successors. Oxford University Press.
  • Balooch, M. (2009). Iran and India’s cooperation in Central Asia. The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 7(3).
  • Bhargava, P. L. (1971). The origin and early history of Indo-Iranian peoples. Malik Ram and S. Balu Rao (Ed.). Indo-Iran relations. Iran House Tilak Marg New Delhi.
  • Davar, F. C. (1962). Iran and India through the ages. Asia Publishing House, Mumbai India.
  • Dietli, G. (2009). Re-engaging with Iran. I.P. Khosla (Ed.). India and the Gulf. Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Fassihi, F. and Myers, S. L. (2020). Defying US, China and Iran near trade and military partnership. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/11/world/asia/china-iran-trade-military-deal.html on 20 Nov 2020
  • Financial Express. (2020). Iran walks out of Chabahar rail project pact with India. Retrieved from https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/iran-walks-out-of-chabahar-rail-project-pact-with-india/2024199/
  • Geoffrey, K. (2010). The East moves West: India, China, and Asia’s growing presence in the Middle East. Brookings Institution Press Washington, DC.
  • Gorekar, N.S. (2002). Indo-Islamic relations. Knowledge City Book Sanghvi Towers, Vasi Road (w) Dit Thane India.
  • Haider, M. (2001). Indo-Iran relations: Historical and cultural perspective. S. M. Waseem (Ed.). Indo-Iran relations. Iran Culture House New Delhi.
  • Haider, M. (2004). Indo-Central Asian relations: From early times to medieval period. Manohar Publishers and Distributers Ansari, Road Daryaganj, New Delhi.
  • Hunter, S. T. (2010). Iran’s foreign policy in the post-Soviet era. Praeger and Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC., California.
  • Hussain, M. (2012). Indo-Iranian relations during the Cold War. Strategic Analysis, 36(6). Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsan20
  • Hussain, M. S. and Shahriar, A. (2013). Indo-Iran strategic partnership: Opportunities and challenges in the 21st century. Studies on Iran Journal Foreign Policy Research Centre, New Delhi India.
  • Indian Embassy in Tehran. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.indianembassy-tehran.ir/india-iran_historica_links.php
  • Jackson, R. and Sorensen, G. (2006). Introduction to international relations: Theories and approaches. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Mafinezam, A. and Mehrabi, A. (2008). Iran and its place among nations. Praeger Publishers, London. Mearsheimer, J. (n.d.) Structural realism. Retrieved from https://www.commackschools.org/Downloads/8_mearsheimer-_structural_realism.pdf
  • Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. (2016). India-US joint statement during the visit of prime minister to USA (The United States and India: Enduring global partners in the 21st century). Retrieved from https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/26879/IndiaUS_Joint_Statement_during_the_visit_of_Prime_Minister_to_USA_The_United_States_and_India_Enduring_Global_Partners_in_the_21st_Century on 20/03/2020
  • Mohan, C. R. (2003). India, Iran unveil road diplomacy. The Hindu.
  • Mohanty, B. (2012). Foreign policy of India in the 21st century. New Century Publications, New Delhi.
  • Naaz, F. (2005). West Asia and India: Changing prospectives. Shipra Publications, New Delhi.
  • Naaz, F. (2008). Indo‐Iranian relations 1947–2000. Strategic Analysis, 24(10). Nehru, J. (n.d.). The discovery of India. Viking Penguin Books Ptv. Ltd, New Delhi, India.
  • Roy, A. (1987). The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan causes, consequence and India's response. Associated Publishers House, New Delhi.
  • Safia, S. M. (1979). Pakistan-Iran relations (1947-1979). Pakistan Horizon, 32(4).
  • Sayeed, M. T. (1994). India and Iran relations since 1979. Thesis submitted to the Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh.
  • Sisakht, A. Y. and Mahmoudi, A. (2012). The role of energy in Iran and India relations. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(9).
  • Takeyh, R. (2009). Guardians of the revolution Iran and the World in the age of the Ayatollahs. Oxford University Press.
  • Tehran Times. (2020). Farzad-B gas field development deal to be signed with domestic company. Retrieved from https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/454294/Farzad-B-gas-field-development-deal-to-be-signed-with-domestic
  • Tennyson, K.N. (2012). India-Iran relations challenges ahead. Air Power Journal, 7(2).
  • The Department of Defense. (2019). Indo-Pacific strategy report. The USA. Retrieved from https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jul/01/2002152311/-1/-1/1/DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE-INDO-PACIFIC-STRATEGY-REPORT-2019.PDF . On 20/10/2020
  • Waltz, N. K. (2000). Structural realism after the Cold War. International Security, 25(1).
  • Zahirinejad, M. (2013). Iran and India relations: Need for re-engagement. Strategic Analysis, 37(1).

Küresel Siyasetin Gölgesinde Hindistan ve İran İlişkileri: Kısa Tarihsel Bir Bakış

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 143 - 164, 31.10.2021

Abstract

Çağdaş dünya siyasetinde Hindistan ve İran büyük stratejik öneme sahiptir. Her iki ülkenin de ulusal çıkarlar konusunda aralarında büyük bir ortaklık bulunmaktadır. Ülkeler arasındaki işbirliği ve destek, yalnızca kendi iç sorunlarını ve zorluklarını çözmede değil, aynı zamanda küresel ilişkilerdeki rollerini güçlendirmelerinde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Hindistan gibi hızla büyüyen, ekonomi ve enerji açığı olan bir ülke için İran, yalnızca büyük miktarda doğal kaynağa erişim sağlamakla kalmayıp Hint mamulleri ve hizmetleri için geniş bir pazar sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca İran coğrafi konumu nedeniyle Hindistan'ın Orta Asya ve Afganistan'daki stratejik öneme sahip ülkelere ulaşması için bir geçiş yolu görevi yapabilmektedir. İran'dan sonra dünyanın en büyük Şii nüfusa sahip ikinci ülkesi ve en çok enerji ithal eden ülkelerden biri olan Hindistan, İran'ın stratejik vizyonunda önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Geçmişte Hindistan, İran için sadece ikinci en büyük petrol ihraç noktası değil, aynı zamanda önemli bir ticaret ortağıydı. Bu makale, yapısal realizm kuramından faydalanarak, tek bir aileye ait olmalarına, uzun yüzyıllardır birlikte yaşamalarına ve ortak sosyal, dini ve geleneksel değerleri paylaşmalarına rağmen, iki ülkenin karşılıklı anlayışlarını uzun vadeli stratejik bir ilişkiye neden dönüştüremedikleri sorusuna cevap aramaya çalışmaktadır. Makale küresel olayların iki ülkenin karşılıklı anlayışlarını nasıl etkilediğini ve yerini güven açığına nasıl bıraktığını da incelemektedir.

References

  • Alam, A. (Ed.). (2011). India and Iran relations: An assessment of contemporary relations. New Century Publications, New Delhi.
  • Alam, M. (2008). India and Iran: Geopolitical and geostrategic partners. Rajendra M. Abhyankar (Ed.). West Asia and the region defining India’s role. Academic Foundation, New Delhi.
  • Annual Statement. (2003-2004). Foreign Affairs Ministry, Government of India. Retrieved from http://www.mea.gov.in/Uploads/PublicationDocs/165_Annual-Report-2003-2004.pdf on 10/12/2019
  • Arjomand, S. A. (2009). After Khomeini: Iran under his successors. Oxford University Press.
  • Balooch, M. (2009). Iran and India’s cooperation in Central Asia. The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 7(3).
  • Bhargava, P. L. (1971). The origin and early history of Indo-Iranian peoples. Malik Ram and S. Balu Rao (Ed.). Indo-Iran relations. Iran House Tilak Marg New Delhi.
  • Davar, F. C. (1962). Iran and India through the ages. Asia Publishing House, Mumbai India.
  • Dietli, G. (2009). Re-engaging with Iran. I.P. Khosla (Ed.). India and the Gulf. Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
  • Fassihi, F. and Myers, S. L. (2020). Defying US, China and Iran near trade and military partnership. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/11/world/asia/china-iran-trade-military-deal.html on 20 Nov 2020
  • Financial Express. (2020). Iran walks out of Chabahar rail project pact with India. Retrieved from https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/iran-walks-out-of-chabahar-rail-project-pact-with-india/2024199/
  • Geoffrey, K. (2010). The East moves West: India, China, and Asia’s growing presence in the Middle East. Brookings Institution Press Washington, DC.
  • Gorekar, N.S. (2002). Indo-Islamic relations. Knowledge City Book Sanghvi Towers, Vasi Road (w) Dit Thane India.
  • Haider, M. (2001). Indo-Iran relations: Historical and cultural perspective. S. M. Waseem (Ed.). Indo-Iran relations. Iran Culture House New Delhi.
  • Haider, M. (2004). Indo-Central Asian relations: From early times to medieval period. Manohar Publishers and Distributers Ansari, Road Daryaganj, New Delhi.
  • Hunter, S. T. (2010). Iran’s foreign policy in the post-Soviet era. Praeger and Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC., California.
  • Hussain, M. (2012). Indo-Iranian relations during the Cold War. Strategic Analysis, 36(6). Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsan20
  • Hussain, M. S. and Shahriar, A. (2013). Indo-Iran strategic partnership: Opportunities and challenges in the 21st century. Studies on Iran Journal Foreign Policy Research Centre, New Delhi India.
  • Indian Embassy in Tehran. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.indianembassy-tehran.ir/india-iran_historica_links.php
  • Jackson, R. and Sorensen, G. (2006). Introduction to international relations: Theories and approaches. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Mafinezam, A. and Mehrabi, A. (2008). Iran and its place among nations. Praeger Publishers, London. Mearsheimer, J. (n.d.) Structural realism. Retrieved from https://www.commackschools.org/Downloads/8_mearsheimer-_structural_realism.pdf
  • Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. (2016). India-US joint statement during the visit of prime minister to USA (The United States and India: Enduring global partners in the 21st century). Retrieved from https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/26879/IndiaUS_Joint_Statement_during_the_visit_of_Prime_Minister_to_USA_The_United_States_and_India_Enduring_Global_Partners_in_the_21st_Century on 20/03/2020
  • Mohan, C. R. (2003). India, Iran unveil road diplomacy. The Hindu.
  • Mohanty, B. (2012). Foreign policy of India in the 21st century. New Century Publications, New Delhi.
  • Naaz, F. (2005). West Asia and India: Changing prospectives. Shipra Publications, New Delhi.
  • Naaz, F. (2008). Indo‐Iranian relations 1947–2000. Strategic Analysis, 24(10). Nehru, J. (n.d.). The discovery of India. Viking Penguin Books Ptv. Ltd, New Delhi, India.
  • Roy, A. (1987). The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan causes, consequence and India's response. Associated Publishers House, New Delhi.
  • Safia, S. M. (1979). Pakistan-Iran relations (1947-1979). Pakistan Horizon, 32(4).
  • Sayeed, M. T. (1994). India and Iran relations since 1979. Thesis submitted to the Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh.
  • Sisakht, A. Y. and Mahmoudi, A. (2012). The role of energy in Iran and India relations. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(9).
  • Takeyh, R. (2009). Guardians of the revolution Iran and the World in the age of the Ayatollahs. Oxford University Press.
  • Tehran Times. (2020). Farzad-B gas field development deal to be signed with domestic company. Retrieved from https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/454294/Farzad-B-gas-field-development-deal-to-be-signed-with-domestic
  • Tennyson, K.N. (2012). India-Iran relations challenges ahead. Air Power Journal, 7(2).
  • The Department of Defense. (2019). Indo-Pacific strategy report. The USA. Retrieved from https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jul/01/2002152311/-1/-1/1/DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE-INDO-PACIFIC-STRATEGY-REPORT-2019.PDF . On 20/10/2020
  • Waltz, N. K. (2000). Structural realism after the Cold War. International Security, 25(1).
  • Zahirinejad, M. (2013). Iran and India relations: Need for re-engagement. Strategic Analysis, 37(1).
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mukhtar Ahmad Bhat 0000-0002-2159-0746

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bhat, M. A. (2021). India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 3(2), 143-164.
AMA Bhat MA. India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview. Novus Orbis. October 2021;3(2):143-164.
Chicago Bhat, Mukhtar Ahmad. “India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 3, no. 2 (October 2021): 143-64.
EndNote Bhat MA (October 1, 2021) India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 3 2 143–164.
IEEE M. A. Bhat, “India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview”, Novus Orbis, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 143–164, 2021.
ISNAD Bhat, Mukhtar Ahmad. “India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 3/2 (October 2021), 143-164.
JAMA Bhat MA. India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview. Novus Orbis. 2021;3:143–164.
MLA Bhat, Mukhtar Ahmad. “India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 2, 2021, pp. 143-64.
Vancouver Bhat MA. India and Iran Relations under the Shadow of Global Politics: A Brief Historical Overview. Novus Orbis. 2021;3(2):143-64.