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Çeşitlilik Yönetiminin Örgütsel Bağlılık ile İlişkisinin Hizmet Sektöründe İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 317 - 328, 25.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1356339

Abstract

Çeşitlilik yönetimi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, çalışmaların olumlu etkileri ve olumsuz etkileri olarak iki kanaldan ilerlediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı çeşitlilik yönetimi uygulaması ile çalışan bireyin örgütsel bağlıkla ilişkisini ölçmek ve alt kademe, orta kademe ve üst kademe farklılıkları ile eğitim düzeyinin çeşitlilik yönetimi ile örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde bir fark yaratıp yaratmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda hizmet sektörü olarak Bursa, İstanbul ve Muğla illerinde faaliyet gösteren üç otelin alt kademe, orta kademe ve üst kademe çalışanlarından veri toplanmıştır. Anketler online şekilde yapılmış ve 155 kişiden geri dönüş alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu; çeşitlilik yönetimi uygulaması ile çalışan bireyin örgütsel bağlılığı üzerinde pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kademe (alt, orta, üst) farklılıklarının çeşitlilik yönetimi ile örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde anlamlı bir fark yaratmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Eğitim düzeyindeki farklılıklar çeşitlilik yönetimi ile anlamlı bir fark yaratmazken, örgütsel bağlılığın alt boyutlarından olan devam bağlılığı ile normatif bağlılık alt boyutu üzerinde anlamlı bir fark yarattığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Armstrong, C.; Flood, P.C.; Guthrie, J.P.; Liu, W.; MacCurtain, S.; Mkamwa, T. (2010). The İmpact of Diversity and Equality Management on Firm Performance: Beyond High-Performance Work Systems, Human Resource Management, 49(6), 977-998.
  • Aven, F.F.; Parker, B.; Mcenvoy, G.M. (1993). Gender and Attitudinal Commitment to Organizations: A Meta Analysis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 642-648
  • Bantel, A.K.; Jackson, S.E. (1989). Top Management and İnnovations in Banking: Does The Composition Of The Top Team Make a Difference? Strategic Managemnt Journal, 10, 107-124
  • Bergen, C.W. V.; Berlow, S.; Terasa, F. (2002). Unintended Negative Effects of Diversity Management, Public Personnel Management, 31(2), 239-251.
  • Boezeman, E. J.; Ellemers, N. (2008). Pride and respect in volunteers organizational commitment. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 159–172.
  • Bogaert S., Vloeberghs,D. (2005). Differentiated and Individualized Personnel Management: Diversity Management in Belgium, European Management Journal, 23(4), 483-493.
  • Bulşu, Ç., Gümüş, M. (2018). Farklılıkların Yönetimi ve Örgütsel Bağlılığın İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 322-344.
  • Cox, H.T.; Blake, S. (1991). Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications for Organizational Competitiveness, The Executive, 5(3), 45-56.
  • Çalışkan, N. (2015). Ulusal Kültürün Örgüt Kültürü ve Paternalist Liderlik Algısı Üzerindeki Etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Nevşehir
  • De Clercq, D., Belausteguigoitia Rius, I. (2007). Organizational commitment in Mexican Small and Medium-Sized Firms: The Role of Work Status, Organizational Climate, and Entrepreneurial Orientation, Journal of Small Business Management, 45(4), 467–490.
  • Demirel, Y. (2008). Örgütsel güvenin örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisi: Tekstil sektörü çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 180-194.
  • Esty, K.; Grıffın, R.; Hırsch, M. S. (1995). Workplace diversity: A Manager’s guide to solving problems and turning diversity into a competetive advantage. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media Corporation.
  • Fettahoğlu, Ö, O; Tatlı, H. S. (2015). Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Farklılıkların Yönetimi Algılamaları Arası İlişkilerin Saptanmasında Demografik Farklılıklara Yönelik İnceleme, KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,12(2) 119-140. Fu, W.;
  • Deshpande, S.P. (2014). The İmpact of Caring Climate, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment on Job Performance of Employees in a China’s İnsurance Company, Journal of Business Ethics, 124/ 2,339-349.
  • Gider, İ., Şencan, H. (2016). İşletmelerin farklılık yönetimi anlayışı ile işletme üyelerinin örgütsel bağlılık tutumlarına yönelik bir araştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(29):189-204.
  • Gonzalez, A.J, Denisi, S.A. (2009). Cross-level Effects of Demography and Diversity Climate on Organizational Attachment and Firm Effectiveness, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 21-40.
  • Gordon J. (1992). Rethinking Diversity, Training, 29(1), 23-30
  • Harrison, A.D.; Price, H.K., Bell, P. M. (1998). Beyond Relational Demograph: Time and The Effect of Surface and Deep Level Diversity on Work Group Cohesion, Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 96-107.
  • Hays-Thomas, R. (2004). Why Now? The Contemporary Focus on Managing Diversity. In STOCKDALE, M. S., CROSBY, F. J. (Eds.); The Psychology and Management of Workplace Diversity (ss. 3-30). USA: Blackwell İslamoğlu, H.; Alnıaçık Ü. 2016. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Meyer,J.P.; Allen,N.P. Smith, (1993). Commitment to Organizations and Occupations: Extension and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78 (4), 538-551.
  • Jaiswal, N.K.; Dhar, R.L. (2015), “Transformational Leadership, İnnovation Climate, Creative Self-efficacy and Employee Creativity: A Multilevel Study, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, pp. 30-41.
  • Kehoe, R.R.; Wright, P.M. (2013). The İmpact of High-Performance Human Resource Practices on Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors, Journal of Management, 39(2), 366-391.
  • Konrad, A. (2003). Defining the Domain of Workplace Diversity Scholarship, Group & Organization Management, 28(1), 4–17.
  • Kulualp, H. G; Demir, A. (2020). Çeşitlilik yönetimi ve örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkinin kimya endüstrisinde incelenmesi, Journal of Human and Tourism Research, 10(4), 1010-1026.
  • Kurtulmuş, M. (2016). The effect of diversity management on teachers' organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 6(3), 277-302.
  • Mathieu, J.E.; Zajac, D.A. (1990). A Review and Meta-analysis of the Antecedents, Corralates and Consequences of Organizational Commitment, Psychological Bullettin, vol:108, 2: 171-194.
  • Memduhoğlu, H. B. (2007). Yönetici ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre türkiye'de kamu liselerinde farklılıkların yönetimi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Meyer, J. P.; Allen N.J. (1996). Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the the Organization: An examination of construct Validity, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 252-276.
  • Meyer, J. P.; Allen, N.J. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
  • Miliken, J.K., Martins L.L. (1996). Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups, Academy of Managemment Review, 21(2), 402-473.
  • Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W, STEERS, R.M. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages (The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover). New York: Academic Press, 20-167.
  • Mowday, R. T.; Steers, R. M.; Porter, W. L. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment, The Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
  • Allen,N.J. ; Meyer,J.P. ;John P. (1990).The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18 (1990).
  • Oh, H.S. & Wee, H. (2016). Self-efficacy, Organizational Commitment, Customer Orientation and Nursing Performance of Nurses in Local Public Hospitals, Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 22(5), 507-517.
  • Patiar, A.; Wang, Y. (2016). The Effects of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Hotel Departmental Performance, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8(3), 586-608.
  • Rıce F. (1994). How to Make Diversity Pay, Fortune, 130(3), 78-86.
  • Saruhan, Ş.; Özdemirci, A. (2016). Billim, Felsefe ve Metodoloji. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları. Steers, R. (1977). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment, Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 46-56.
  • Tsui S.A., Egan D.T.; O’reilly A.C. (1992). Being Different Relational Demography and Organizational Attachment, Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(4), 549-579.

Examining the Relationship Between Diversity Management and Organizational Commitment in the Service Sector

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 317 - 328, 25.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1356339

Abstract

When the studies on diversity management are examined, it is seen that the studies progress through two channels as positive effects and negative effects. The aim of this study is to measure the relationship of the individual working with diversity management practice and organizational commitment and to reveal whether the differences in the lower, middle and upper levels and whether the level of education makes a difference on diversity management and organizational commitment. In this direction, data were collected from the lower, middle and upper level employees of three hotels operating in the provinces of Bursa, Istanbul and Muğla as the service sector. The surveys were conducted online and 155 responses were received. As a result of the analyzes made; It has been determined that there is a positive relationship between the diversity management application and the organizational commitment of the individual working. It was concluded that the level (lower, middle, upper) differences did not make a significant difference on diversity management and organizational commitment. While differences in education level did not make a significant difference with diversity management, it was determined that it made a significant difference on continuance commitment and normative commitment sub-dimensions of organizational commitment.

References

  • Armstrong, C.; Flood, P.C.; Guthrie, J.P.; Liu, W.; MacCurtain, S.; Mkamwa, T. (2010). The İmpact of Diversity and Equality Management on Firm Performance: Beyond High-Performance Work Systems, Human Resource Management, 49(6), 977-998.
  • Aven, F.F.; Parker, B.; Mcenvoy, G.M. (1993). Gender and Attitudinal Commitment to Organizations: A Meta Analysis, Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 642-648
  • Bantel, A.K.; Jackson, S.E. (1989). Top Management and İnnovations in Banking: Does The Composition Of The Top Team Make a Difference? Strategic Managemnt Journal, 10, 107-124
  • Bergen, C.W. V.; Berlow, S.; Terasa, F. (2002). Unintended Negative Effects of Diversity Management, Public Personnel Management, 31(2), 239-251.
  • Boezeman, E. J.; Ellemers, N. (2008). Pride and respect in volunteers organizational commitment. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 159–172.
  • Bogaert S., Vloeberghs,D. (2005). Differentiated and Individualized Personnel Management: Diversity Management in Belgium, European Management Journal, 23(4), 483-493.
  • Bulşu, Ç., Gümüş, M. (2018). Farklılıkların Yönetimi ve Örgütsel Bağlılığın İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 322-344.
  • Cox, H.T.; Blake, S. (1991). Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications for Organizational Competitiveness, The Executive, 5(3), 45-56.
  • Çalışkan, N. (2015). Ulusal Kültürün Örgüt Kültürü ve Paternalist Liderlik Algısı Üzerindeki Etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Nevşehir
  • De Clercq, D., Belausteguigoitia Rius, I. (2007). Organizational commitment in Mexican Small and Medium-Sized Firms: The Role of Work Status, Organizational Climate, and Entrepreneurial Orientation, Journal of Small Business Management, 45(4), 467–490.
  • Demirel, Y. (2008). Örgütsel güvenin örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisi: Tekstil sektörü çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 180-194.
  • Esty, K.; Grıffın, R.; Hırsch, M. S. (1995). Workplace diversity: A Manager’s guide to solving problems and turning diversity into a competetive advantage. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media Corporation.
  • Fettahoğlu, Ö, O; Tatlı, H. S. (2015). Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Farklılıkların Yönetimi Algılamaları Arası İlişkilerin Saptanmasında Demografik Farklılıklara Yönelik İnceleme, KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,12(2) 119-140. Fu, W.;
  • Deshpande, S.P. (2014). The İmpact of Caring Climate, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment on Job Performance of Employees in a China’s İnsurance Company, Journal of Business Ethics, 124/ 2,339-349.
  • Gider, İ., Şencan, H. (2016). İşletmelerin farklılık yönetimi anlayışı ile işletme üyelerinin örgütsel bağlılık tutumlarına yönelik bir araştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(29):189-204.
  • Gonzalez, A.J, Denisi, S.A. (2009). Cross-level Effects of Demography and Diversity Climate on Organizational Attachment and Firm Effectiveness, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 21-40.
  • Gordon J. (1992). Rethinking Diversity, Training, 29(1), 23-30
  • Harrison, A.D.; Price, H.K., Bell, P. M. (1998). Beyond Relational Demograph: Time and The Effect of Surface and Deep Level Diversity on Work Group Cohesion, Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 96-107.
  • Hays-Thomas, R. (2004). Why Now? The Contemporary Focus on Managing Diversity. In STOCKDALE, M. S., CROSBY, F. J. (Eds.); The Psychology and Management of Workplace Diversity (ss. 3-30). USA: Blackwell İslamoğlu, H.; Alnıaçık Ü. 2016. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Meyer,J.P.; Allen,N.P. Smith, (1993). Commitment to Organizations and Occupations: Extension and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78 (4), 538-551.
  • Jaiswal, N.K.; Dhar, R.L. (2015), “Transformational Leadership, İnnovation Climate, Creative Self-efficacy and Employee Creativity: A Multilevel Study, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, pp. 30-41.
  • Kehoe, R.R.; Wright, P.M. (2013). The İmpact of High-Performance Human Resource Practices on Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors, Journal of Management, 39(2), 366-391.
  • Konrad, A. (2003). Defining the Domain of Workplace Diversity Scholarship, Group & Organization Management, 28(1), 4–17.
  • Kulualp, H. G; Demir, A. (2020). Çeşitlilik yönetimi ve örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkinin kimya endüstrisinde incelenmesi, Journal of Human and Tourism Research, 10(4), 1010-1026.
  • Kurtulmuş, M. (2016). The effect of diversity management on teachers' organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 6(3), 277-302.
  • Mathieu, J.E.; Zajac, D.A. (1990). A Review and Meta-analysis of the Antecedents, Corralates and Consequences of Organizational Commitment, Psychological Bullettin, vol:108, 2: 171-194.
  • Memduhoğlu, H. B. (2007). Yönetici ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre türkiye'de kamu liselerinde farklılıkların yönetimi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Meyer, J. P.; Allen N.J. (1996). Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the the Organization: An examination of construct Validity, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 252-276.
  • Meyer, J. P.; Allen, N.J. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
  • Miliken, J.K., Martins L.L. (1996). Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups, Academy of Managemment Review, 21(2), 402-473.
  • Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W, STEERS, R.M. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages (The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover). New York: Academic Press, 20-167.
  • Mowday, R. T.; Steers, R. M.; Porter, W. L. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment, The Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
  • Allen,N.J. ; Meyer,J.P. ;John P. (1990).The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18 (1990).
  • Oh, H.S. & Wee, H. (2016). Self-efficacy, Organizational Commitment, Customer Orientation and Nursing Performance of Nurses in Local Public Hospitals, Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 22(5), 507-517.
  • Patiar, A.; Wang, Y. (2016). The Effects of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Hotel Departmental Performance, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8(3), 586-608.
  • Rıce F. (1994). How to Make Diversity Pay, Fortune, 130(3), 78-86.
  • Saruhan, Ş.; Özdemirci, A. (2016). Billim, Felsefe ve Metodoloji. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları. Steers, R. (1977). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment, Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 46-56.
  • Tsui S.A., Egan D.T.; O’reilly A.C. (1992). Being Different Relational Demography and Organizational Attachment, Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(4), 549-579.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Koray Kartalkaya 0000-0001-9558-7614

Nilay Orbay İçaçan 0000-0002-1030-6607

Publication Date December 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kartalkaya, K., & Orbay İçaçan, N. (2023). Çeşitlilik Yönetiminin Örgütsel Bağlılık ile İlişkisinin Hizmet Sektöründe İncelenmesi. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 7(2), 317-328. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1356339

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