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Use of Experience Sampling Method in the Assessment of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 168 - 181, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.489457

Abstract

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM), which makes possible to make momentary assessment during daily life by using portable devices and applications, has been actively used in clinical psychology research along with accelerating technological developments in recent years. The use of this method might be highly functional in some problems characterized with fluctuating symptom severity such as anxiety disorders. Because it is aimed to investigate the current literature findings about the use of this method in research on anxiety disorders and to make inferences about main study findings in this systematic review, current empirical studies particularly on anxiety disorder symptoms performed with the ESM were screened and examined. Taking the recent DSM-5 revisions into account, specific keywords were determined and scanned in 4 different databases (Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO and PubMed). Following the screening processes, 14 articles that matched with inclusion criteria were involved in the present study. Firstly, it is seen that those studies were performed by using ESM generally included the adults and female participants and assessments with experience sampling measurements by electronic devices took 9 days in avarage. Moreover, it is also observed that among the different categories of psychological disorders, were evalutions on momentary affect changes, post-event processing and rumination that were usually studied. In sum, it is considered that ESM is a functional method that can be used in the field of scientific research, and it may be beneficial that recognizing and extending the utilization of this method.

References

  • Aan het Rot M, Hogenelst K ve Schoevers RA (2012) Mood disorders in everyday life: A systematic review of experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment studies. Clin Psychol Rev 32:510-523.
  • Alonso J ve Lepine JP (2007) Overview of key data from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) J Clin Psychiatry 68:3–9.
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. (2013) Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5) (Çeviri Ed. E. Köroğlu). Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Andlin-Sobocki P ve Wittchen HU (2005) Cost of anxiety disorders in Europe. European Journal of Neurology 12:39–44.
  • Barrett DJ ve Barrett LF (2000) The Experience Sampling Program (ESP). http:// www.experiencesampling.org/
  • Blalock DV, Kashdan TB ve Farmer AS (2016) Trait and daily emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40:416-425.
  • Bolger N, Davis A ve Rafaeli E (2003) Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annu Rev Psychol 54:579-616Bourdon KH, Rae DS, Locke BZ ve ark. (1992) Estimating the prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adults from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey. Public Health Rep 107:663–668.
  • Crouch TA, Lewis JA, Erickson TM ve ark. (2017) Prospective investigation of the contrast avoidance model of generalized anxiety and worry. Behavior Therapy 48:544-556.
  • Csikszentmihalyi M ve Larson R (1987) Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. J Nerv Ment Dis 175:526–536.
  • Erol-Korkmaz HT (2014) Çalışanların günlük duygu durumu ve üretim karşıtı davranışları arasındaki ilişki: Genel örgütsel adalet algısının düzenleyici rolü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 17:77-87.
  • Farmer AS ve Kashdan TB (2015) Stress sensitivity and stress generation in social anxiety disorder: a temporal process approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 124:102-114.
  • Gloster AT, Miché M, Wersebe H ve ark. (2017) Daily fluctuation of emotions and memories thereof: Design and methods of an experience sampling study of major depression, social phobia, and controls. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 26:1-11.
  • Helbig-Lang S, von Auer M, Neubauer K ve ark (2016) Post-event processing in social anxiety disorder after real-life social situations–An ambulatory assessment study. Behav Res Ther 84:27-34. Helbig-Lang S, Lang T, Petermann F ve ark. (2012) Anticipatory anxiety as a function of panic attacks and panic-related self-efficacy: an ambulatory assessment study in panic disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 40:590–604. Kashdan TB ve Farmer AS (2014) Differentiating emotions across contexts: comparing adults with and without social anxiety disorder using random, social interaction, and daily experience sampling. Emotion 14:629-638.
  • Kashdan TB, Farmer AS, Adams LM ve ark. (2013) Distinguishing healthy adults from people with social anxiety disorder: Evidence for the value of experiential avoidance and positive emotions in everyday social interactions. J Abnorm Psychol 122:645-655.
  • KashdanTB ve McKnight PE (2013) Commitment to a purpose in life: An antidote to the suffering by individuals with social anxiety disorder. Emotion 13:1150-1159.
  • Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Gatz M ve ark. (2007) The sources of co-morbidity between major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a Swedish national twin sample. Psychol Med 37:453-462.
  • Kessler RC, Berglund P, Dernier O ve ark. (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archive of General Psychiatry 62:593–602.
  • Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA ve ark. (2012) Twelve‐month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 21:169-184.Kircanski K, Thompson RJ, Sorenson J ve ark.(2017) The everyday dynamics of rumination and worry: precipitant events and affective consequences. Cognition and Emotion 1-13.
  • Kircanski K, Thompson RJ, Sorenson J ve ark.(2015) Rumination and worry in Daily life: examining the naturalistic validity of theoretical constructs. Clinical Psychological Science 3: 926-939.
  • Knappe S ve Hoyer J (2014) Clinical assessment of anxiety disorders. The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders 643-691.
  • Larson ve Csikszentmihalyi M (2014) The experience sampling method. M. Csikszentmihalyi (Ed.) Flow and the foundations of positive psychology içinde (21-34). Dordrecht, Springer.
  • Miron-Shatz T, Stone A ve Kahneman D (2009) Memories of yesterday’s emotions: Does the valence of experience affect the memory-experience gap? Emotion 9:885-891.
  • Margraf J, Taylor CB, Ehlers A ve ark. (1987) Panic attacks in the natural environment. J Nerv Ment Dis 175:558–565.
  • Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M ve ark. (2015) Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews 4:1.
  • Naragon-Gainey K ve DeMarree KG (2017) Decentering Attenuates the Associations of Negative Affect and Positive Affect With Psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science 5:1027-1047.Pfaltz MC, Kolodyazhniy V, Blechert J ve ark. (2015) Metabolic decoupling in daily life in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Psychiatr Res 68:377-383.
  • Purdon C, Rowa K ve Antony MM (2007) Diary records of thought suppression by individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35:47–59.
  • Ruscio AM, Gentes EL, Jones JD ve ark. (2015) Rumination predicts heightened responding to stressful life events in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 124:17-26.
  • Santangelo PS, Ebner-Priemer UW ve Trull TJ (2013) Experience sampling methods in clinical psychology. In The Oxford Handbook of Research Strategies for Clinical Psychology, (Eds JS Comer, PC Kendall):188-210. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Solzbacher S, Böttger D, Memmesheimer M ve ark. (2007) Improving tension regulation in patients with personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and bulimia. M. J.Sorbi, H.Rüddel ve M. Bühring (Eds.) içinde, Frontiers in stepped care (s. 111–119). Utrecht, University Utrecht.
  • Stiglmayr CE, Ebner‐Priemer UW, Bretz J ve ark. (2008) Dissociative symptoms are positively related to stress in borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 117:139-147.
  • Thompson RJ, Kircanski K ve Gotlib IH (2016) The grass is not as green as you think: Affect evaluation in people with internalizing disorders. J Affect Disord 203:233-240.Thielsch C, Ehring T, Nestler S ve ark. (2015) Metacognitions, worry and sleep in everyday life: Studying bidirectional pathways using Ecological Momentary Assessment in GAD patients. J Anxiety Disord 33:53-61.
  • Tryon WW, Tryon GS, Kazlausky T ve ark. (2006) Reducing hyperactivity with a feed- back actigraph: Initial findings. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 11:607–617.
  • Walz LC, Nauta MH ve Aan het Rot M (2014) Experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment for studying the daily lives of patients with anxiety disorders: A systematic review. J Anxiety Disord 28:925-937.
  • Vansteelandt K, Pieters G, Vandereycken W ve ark. (2004) Hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa: a case study using experience sampling methodology. Eating Behaviors 5:67-74.
  • Wittchen HU ve Jacobi F (2005) Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 15:357-376.

Deneyim Örnekleme Yönteminin Anksiyete Bozukluklarının Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanımı: Sistematik Bir Derleme

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 168 - 181, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.489457

Abstract

Günlük yaşam esnasında taşınabilir cihaz veya akıllı telefon uygulamalarıyla anlık ölçümler almayı mümkün kılan Deneyim Örnekleme Yöntemi (Experience Sampling Method, DÖY), son yıllarda hızlanan teknolojik gelişmeler ile beraber klinik psikoloji araştırmalarında aktif şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Özellikle anksiyete bozuklukları gibi belirti şiddetinde dalgalanmalar gözlenen bozukluklarda bu yöntemin etkin kullanımının oldukça işlevsel olduğu söylenebilir. Bu sistematik derlemede, DÖY’ün anksiyete bozukluklarında kullanış biçimlerini gözden geçirmek ve genel bulgulara ilişkin çıkarımlar yapmak hedeflendiği için alanyazında özellikle anksiyete bozukluklarına ait belirtileri DÖY ile değerlendiren güncel görgül çalışmalar sistematik olarak taranıp incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında, DSM-5’te yapılan son değişiklikler göz önünde bulundurularak belirlenen anahtar kelimeler 4 farklı veri tabanında (Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO ve PubMed) taranmış; tarama işleminin ardından belirlenen ölçütlere uygun olan 14 makale bu derlemeye dâhil edilmiştir. İlk olarak DÖY kullanılarak yapılan bu çalışmalarda, çoğunlukla yetişkin ve kadın örneklem grubu ile çalışıldığı ve deneyim örnekleme ölçümlerinin ortalama 9 gün boyunca elektronik cihazlar ile yapıldığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca farklı bozukluk kategorilerine yönelik bu görgül çalışmalarda ortak olarak çoğunlukla anlık duygulanım değişimleri, olay sonrası işlemleme ve ruminasyon gibi ilişkili faktörlerin çalışıldığı görülmüştür. Özetle, DÖY’ün bilimsel araştırma alanında kullanılabilecek işlevsel bir yöntem olduğu ve bu açıdan yaygınlaşmasının faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Aan het Rot M, Hogenelst K ve Schoevers RA (2012) Mood disorders in everyday life: A systematic review of experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment studies. Clin Psychol Rev 32:510-523.
  • Alonso J ve Lepine JP (2007) Overview of key data from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) J Clin Psychiatry 68:3–9.
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. (2013) Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5) (Çeviri Ed. E. Köroğlu). Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Andlin-Sobocki P ve Wittchen HU (2005) Cost of anxiety disorders in Europe. European Journal of Neurology 12:39–44.
  • Barrett DJ ve Barrett LF (2000) The Experience Sampling Program (ESP). http:// www.experiencesampling.org/
  • Blalock DV, Kashdan TB ve Farmer AS (2016) Trait and daily emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40:416-425.
  • Bolger N, Davis A ve Rafaeli E (2003) Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annu Rev Psychol 54:579-616Bourdon KH, Rae DS, Locke BZ ve ark. (1992) Estimating the prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adults from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey. Public Health Rep 107:663–668.
  • Crouch TA, Lewis JA, Erickson TM ve ark. (2017) Prospective investigation of the contrast avoidance model of generalized anxiety and worry. Behavior Therapy 48:544-556.
  • Csikszentmihalyi M ve Larson R (1987) Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. J Nerv Ment Dis 175:526–536.
  • Erol-Korkmaz HT (2014) Çalışanların günlük duygu durumu ve üretim karşıtı davranışları arasındaki ilişki: Genel örgütsel adalet algısının düzenleyici rolü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 17:77-87.
  • Farmer AS ve Kashdan TB (2015) Stress sensitivity and stress generation in social anxiety disorder: a temporal process approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 124:102-114.
  • Gloster AT, Miché M, Wersebe H ve ark. (2017) Daily fluctuation of emotions and memories thereof: Design and methods of an experience sampling study of major depression, social phobia, and controls. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 26:1-11.
  • Helbig-Lang S, von Auer M, Neubauer K ve ark (2016) Post-event processing in social anxiety disorder after real-life social situations–An ambulatory assessment study. Behav Res Ther 84:27-34. Helbig-Lang S, Lang T, Petermann F ve ark. (2012) Anticipatory anxiety as a function of panic attacks and panic-related self-efficacy: an ambulatory assessment study in panic disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 40:590–604. Kashdan TB ve Farmer AS (2014) Differentiating emotions across contexts: comparing adults with and without social anxiety disorder using random, social interaction, and daily experience sampling. Emotion 14:629-638.
  • Kashdan TB, Farmer AS, Adams LM ve ark. (2013) Distinguishing healthy adults from people with social anxiety disorder: Evidence for the value of experiential avoidance and positive emotions in everyday social interactions. J Abnorm Psychol 122:645-655.
  • KashdanTB ve McKnight PE (2013) Commitment to a purpose in life: An antidote to the suffering by individuals with social anxiety disorder. Emotion 13:1150-1159.
  • Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Gatz M ve ark. (2007) The sources of co-morbidity between major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a Swedish national twin sample. Psychol Med 37:453-462.
  • Kessler RC, Berglund P, Dernier O ve ark. (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archive of General Psychiatry 62:593–602.
  • Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA ve ark. (2012) Twelve‐month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 21:169-184.Kircanski K, Thompson RJ, Sorenson J ve ark.(2017) The everyday dynamics of rumination and worry: precipitant events and affective consequences. Cognition and Emotion 1-13.
  • Kircanski K, Thompson RJ, Sorenson J ve ark.(2015) Rumination and worry in Daily life: examining the naturalistic validity of theoretical constructs. Clinical Psychological Science 3: 926-939.
  • Knappe S ve Hoyer J (2014) Clinical assessment of anxiety disorders. The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders 643-691.
  • Larson ve Csikszentmihalyi M (2014) The experience sampling method. M. Csikszentmihalyi (Ed.) Flow and the foundations of positive psychology içinde (21-34). Dordrecht, Springer.
  • Miron-Shatz T, Stone A ve Kahneman D (2009) Memories of yesterday’s emotions: Does the valence of experience affect the memory-experience gap? Emotion 9:885-891.
  • Margraf J, Taylor CB, Ehlers A ve ark. (1987) Panic attacks in the natural environment. J Nerv Ment Dis 175:558–565.
  • Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M ve ark. (2015) Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews 4:1.
  • Naragon-Gainey K ve DeMarree KG (2017) Decentering Attenuates the Associations of Negative Affect and Positive Affect With Psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science 5:1027-1047.Pfaltz MC, Kolodyazhniy V, Blechert J ve ark. (2015) Metabolic decoupling in daily life in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Psychiatr Res 68:377-383.
  • Purdon C, Rowa K ve Antony MM (2007) Diary records of thought suppression by individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35:47–59.
  • Ruscio AM, Gentes EL, Jones JD ve ark. (2015) Rumination predicts heightened responding to stressful life events in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 124:17-26.
  • Santangelo PS, Ebner-Priemer UW ve Trull TJ (2013) Experience sampling methods in clinical psychology. In The Oxford Handbook of Research Strategies for Clinical Psychology, (Eds JS Comer, PC Kendall):188-210. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Solzbacher S, Böttger D, Memmesheimer M ve ark. (2007) Improving tension regulation in patients with personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and bulimia. M. J.Sorbi, H.Rüddel ve M. Bühring (Eds.) içinde, Frontiers in stepped care (s. 111–119). Utrecht, University Utrecht.
  • Stiglmayr CE, Ebner‐Priemer UW, Bretz J ve ark. (2008) Dissociative symptoms are positively related to stress in borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 117:139-147.
  • Thompson RJ, Kircanski K ve Gotlib IH (2016) The grass is not as green as you think: Affect evaluation in people with internalizing disorders. J Affect Disord 203:233-240.Thielsch C, Ehring T, Nestler S ve ark. (2015) Metacognitions, worry and sleep in everyday life: Studying bidirectional pathways using Ecological Momentary Assessment in GAD patients. J Anxiety Disord 33:53-61.
  • Tryon WW, Tryon GS, Kazlausky T ve ark. (2006) Reducing hyperactivity with a feed- back actigraph: Initial findings. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 11:607–617.
  • Walz LC, Nauta MH ve Aan het Rot M (2014) Experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment for studying the daily lives of patients with anxiety disorders: A systematic review. J Anxiety Disord 28:925-937.
  • Vansteelandt K, Pieters G, Vandereycken W ve ark. (2004) Hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa: a case study using experience sampling methodology. Eating Behaviors 5:67-74.
  • Wittchen HU ve Jacobi F (2005) Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 15:357-376.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Büşra Yıldırım 0000-0001-7116-5652

Gizem Bozyel This is me 0000-0002-0563-8404

Orçun Yorulmaz This is me 0000-0002-0017-2668

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Acceptance Date March 6, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Yıldırım B, Bozyel G, Yorulmaz O. Deneyim Örnekleme Yönteminin Anksiyete Bozukluklarının Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanımı: Sistematik Bir Derleme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. June 2020;12(2):168-181. doi:10.18863/pgy.489457

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