Research Article
Year 2018,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 232 - 244, 01.04.2018
Abstract
When foreign capital
entered the country and new government policies were developed in this area in
the end of 1960s, studies on public relations increased in Turkey. In the
historical process to the present, many women have had an active part in
development of the discipline. People who entered the profession between 1960s
and 1990s realised the importance of public relations in its early period, and
these people conducted miscellaneous studies. People who preferred this
profession in 1990s and worked in the sector, were affected from socio-economic
factors and education policies, and the discipline acquired a new dimension.
With developments in mass media in 2000s and communication technologies’
becoming important parts of our lives, the discipline entered into a new
process of evolution. This study aims to
analyse the topic by centering woman perspective of the development of the
discipline. Since the representatives both from the old and young generation
are brought together within the context of the study, it differs from other
studies and brings new stratas to the topic. In this study in which in-depth
interview method was used, it is determined that women make an effect of
catalyst in the development of public relations and that they formed an important
basis for the development of the process.
References
- Acar, M (1994). Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Halkla İlişkiler Araştırması, Ankara:Sosyal Planlama Genel Müdürlüğü Planlama Dairesi Başkanlığ. Al-Jenaibi, B. (2011), “Gender Issues in the Diversity and Practice of Public Relations in the UAE Case Study of P.R. Male Managers and Female P.R. Practitioners”, International Journal of E-Politics, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 35-56 Asna, M. A. (1988). Halkla İliskilerin Türkiye’de Benimsenmesi. Halkla İlişkiler Sempozyumu-87, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi Basın Yayın Yüksekokulu Yayınları, 10, 27-30 Beasley, M. H., & Theus, K. T. (1988). The New Majority: A look at what the preponderance Of women in journalism education means to the schools and to the professions. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Bıçakçı, A. B., Hürmeriç, P. (2013). Milestones in Turkish public relations history. Public Relations Review, 39(2), 91-100. Botan, C. (1997). Ethics in strategic communication campaigns: The case for a new approach to public relations. Journal of Business Communication, 34(2), 188-202. Broom, G. M. (1982). A comparison of sex roles in public relations. Public Relations Review.8(3), 17-22. Broom, G. M., Dozier, D, M, (1986). Advancement for public relations role models. Public Relations Review, I2(\), 37-56. Childers, L. L. (1986). Gender and salary: A panel study of public relations practitioners. Unpublished master's thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville. Ciner, Özgür (2014), Halkla İlişkiler Sektöründe Cinsiyete Dayalı ayrımcılık, Ankara üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Halkla İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi Dozier, D, M. (1988a). Breaking Public Relations' glass ceiling. Public Relations Review, 14(3), 6-14. Dozier, D. M,, Chapo, S,, & Sullivan, B, (1983). Sex And The Bottom Line: Income differences among women and men in public relations. Paper presented at the meeting of the Public Relations Division Erdoğan İ. (2008). Teori ve Pratikte Halkla İliskiler, (2 ed.), Ankara:Pozitif Matbaacılık. Eser, A.. (1989). Halkla İlişkiler Bir Felsefedir. Farmer, B. ve Waugh, L. (1999). Gender Differences in Public Relations Students’ Career Attitudes: A Benchmark Study. Public Relations Review, 25(2): 235-249. Faulstich W.(1992). Grundwissen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Kritische Einführung in Problemder der Public Relations, Bardowick: Wissenschafter Verlag. Fitzpatrick, K., & Gauthier, C. (2001). Toward a professional responsibility theory of public relations ethics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(2-3), 193-212 Franz Ronnenberg F., Rühl M.(1992). Theorie fer Public Relations Ein Entwurf, Opladen:Westdeutscher Verlag, 32 Güler, A., Halıcıoğlu M. B., and Taşğın, S. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları. Gürel, T. (2006). Halkla İlişkiler Profesyonelleri, İletişim Fakülteleri Mezunlarında Neler Arıyorlar: Ajans Yöneticilerinin Bakış Açıları. Kocaeli Üniversitesi, II. Ulusal Halkla İlişkiler Sempozyumu, 27-28. Grunig, L. A., Toth, E. L., & Hon, L. C. (2000). Feminist Values In Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1), 49-68. Harlow, R. (1977). Public Relations Definitions Through the Years, Public Relations Review 3 (1):49-63 Hızal, G. S. G., Özdemir, B. P., & Yamanoğlu, M. A. (2014). Tracking Public Relations History in 1960s’ Turkey: The prevalence and reflections of development discourse. Public Relations Review, 40(4), 632-638. Hon, L. C. (1995). Toward a Feminist Theory of Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 7(1), 27-88 İşler, E., Keloğlu İ. (2010). Ulusal Bilincin İnşası Sürecinde Halkla İlişkiler”, Cumhuriyet Döneminde İletisim Kurumlar, Politikalar, Der. Nazife Güngör, Ankara. Gower, K. (2008). US Corporate Public Relations in the Progressive Era. Journal of communication management .12 (4):305-318. Kazancı M. (2006). Osmanlı da Halkla İlişkiler, Selçuk İletişim Dergisi , 4 (3):5-20 Kazancı, M. (1997). Kamuda ve Özel Sektörde Halkla İlişkiler. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi. Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2002). Toward a dialogic theory of public relations. Public relations review, 28(1), 21-37. Makovsky, K. (2013). Women in Leadership in PR. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenmakovsky/2013/02/25/davos–blog–1–women–in–leadership–in–pr/ Moreno, M. A., Goniu, N., Moreno, P. S., & Diekema, D. (2013). Ethics of social media research: Common concerns and practical considerations. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(9), 708-713. Öksüz, B., Görpe, S. (2014). Türkıye'de halkla ılıskıler alanında kadının yerı: akademısyenler, uygulamacılar ve meslek örgütü temsılcılerının konuya yaklasımları. Istanbul Üniversitesi İletisim Fakültesi Dergisi, (47), 125-142. Keating, M. (2007). Feminine Roles in the Ottoman Empire: The Significance of Women during the Sultanate of Women Period. Women. Küpeli, Ö. (2015). Kösem Sultan’a Ait Bir Muhallefât Kaydı. Cihannüma: Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 131-143. Okay, A.& Okay, A. (2014). Halkla İlişkiler Kavram Stratejileri ve Uygulamaları. İstanbul: Der Yayınları. Okay, A., & Okay, A. (2008). Undergraduate and graduate public relations education in Turkey: A quantitative study of dissertations contributions to public relations field (1984–2007). Selçuk İletişim Dergisi, Ocak, 5-14. Scrimger, J. (1989). Women communicators in Canada: A case for optimism, ln E. L. Toth, CTheus, K. T. (1985). Gender shifts in journalism and public relations. Public Relations Review, 11(1), 42-50. Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing As Qualitative Research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press. Seyfi, M. (2016). A Content Analysis of Turkish Doctoral Dissertations in Public Relations. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 4(4). Şanlı, H. K. (2015). The Historiography of Public Relations in Turkish Public Relations Books. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi, (23), 135-149. Tanyıldızı, N. İ. (2011). Türkiye'de Halkla İlişkiler Mesleğinde Kadın.Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (1), 75-81. Tanyıldızı, N. İ. (2011). Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Mesleğinde Kadın. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13 (20), 75-81. Turan K. (2014). Halkla ilişkiler eğitimi gören üniversite öğrencilerinin kadınların halkla ilişkiler alanında yönetici olmalarına ilişkin tutumları: cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolü yöneliminin etkileri, Başkent üniversitesi, Halkla İlişkiler ve Tanıtım Bölümü, Master Thesis. Turk. J, V. (1986). The shifting salary scene. Currents. 72(6). 20. Uysal, sezer, http://remas-net.blogspot.com.tr/2013/10/turkiyede-kadin-istihdami-halkla.html Yamanoğlu M. A., Lamme, M.O., v.d (2009), The state of Public Relations History.” Amerikan Journalism 26 (1):156-159 Yavuz, Ş. (2008). Türk Halkla İlişkiler Tarihinden Gizli Kalmış Bir Sayfa: Ziraat Bankası Beşikdüzü Şubesi ve Sıla Dergisi. Galatasaray University Journal of Communicationi, 8(8). Yaxley, H. M. L. (2013), “Career experiences of women in British public relations (1970-1989)”, Public Relations Review, Vol. 39, pp. 156-165. Yıldırım, D., Metin, S. (2006). Halkla ilişkiler ve cinsiyet. ıı. ulusal halkla ilişkiler sempozyumu, Kocaeli Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 45-50. Zerfass, A., Tensch, R., Vercic, D., Verhoeven, P. & Moreno, A. (2014). European Communication Monitor 2014. Excellence in Strategic Communication– Key Issues, Leadership, Gender and Mobile Media. Results of A Survey in 42 Countries. Brussels: EACD/EUPRERA, Helios Media
Year 2018,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 232 - 244, 01.04.2018
Abstract
References
- Acar, M (1994). Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Halkla İlişkiler Araştırması, Ankara:Sosyal Planlama Genel Müdürlüğü Planlama Dairesi Başkanlığ. Al-Jenaibi, B. (2011), “Gender Issues in the Diversity and Practice of Public Relations in the UAE Case Study of P.R. Male Managers and Female P.R. Practitioners”, International Journal of E-Politics, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 35-56 Asna, M. A. (1988). Halkla İliskilerin Türkiye’de Benimsenmesi. Halkla İlişkiler Sempozyumu-87, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi Basın Yayın Yüksekokulu Yayınları, 10, 27-30 Beasley, M. H., & Theus, K. T. (1988). The New Majority: A look at what the preponderance Of women in journalism education means to the schools and to the professions. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Bıçakçı, A. B., Hürmeriç, P. (2013). Milestones in Turkish public relations history. Public Relations Review, 39(2), 91-100. Botan, C. (1997). Ethics in strategic communication campaigns: The case for a new approach to public relations. Journal of Business Communication, 34(2), 188-202. Broom, G. M. (1982). A comparison of sex roles in public relations. Public Relations Review.8(3), 17-22. Broom, G. M., Dozier, D, M, (1986). Advancement for public relations role models. Public Relations Review, I2(\), 37-56. Childers, L. L. (1986). Gender and salary: A panel study of public relations practitioners. Unpublished master's thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville. Ciner, Özgür (2014), Halkla İlişkiler Sektöründe Cinsiyete Dayalı ayrımcılık, Ankara üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Halkla İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi Dozier, D, M. (1988a). Breaking Public Relations' glass ceiling. Public Relations Review, 14(3), 6-14. Dozier, D. M,, Chapo, S,, & Sullivan, B, (1983). Sex And The Bottom Line: Income differences among women and men in public relations. Paper presented at the meeting of the Public Relations Division Erdoğan İ. (2008). Teori ve Pratikte Halkla İliskiler, (2 ed.), Ankara:Pozitif Matbaacılık. Eser, A.. (1989). Halkla İlişkiler Bir Felsefedir. Farmer, B. ve Waugh, L. (1999). Gender Differences in Public Relations Students’ Career Attitudes: A Benchmark Study. Public Relations Review, 25(2): 235-249. Faulstich W.(1992). Grundwissen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Kritische Einführung in Problemder der Public Relations, Bardowick: Wissenschafter Verlag. Fitzpatrick, K., & Gauthier, C. (2001). Toward a professional responsibility theory of public relations ethics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(2-3), 193-212 Franz Ronnenberg F., Rühl M.(1992). Theorie fer Public Relations Ein Entwurf, Opladen:Westdeutscher Verlag, 32 Güler, A., Halıcıoğlu M. B., and Taşğın, S. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları. Gürel, T. (2006). Halkla İlişkiler Profesyonelleri, İletişim Fakülteleri Mezunlarında Neler Arıyorlar: Ajans Yöneticilerinin Bakış Açıları. Kocaeli Üniversitesi, II. Ulusal Halkla İlişkiler Sempozyumu, 27-28. Grunig, L. A., Toth, E. L., & Hon, L. C. (2000). Feminist Values In Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1), 49-68. Harlow, R. (1977). Public Relations Definitions Through the Years, Public Relations Review 3 (1):49-63 Hızal, G. S. G., Özdemir, B. P., & Yamanoğlu, M. A. (2014). Tracking Public Relations History in 1960s’ Turkey: The prevalence and reflections of development discourse. Public Relations Review, 40(4), 632-638. Hon, L. C. (1995). Toward a Feminist Theory of Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 7(1), 27-88 İşler, E., Keloğlu İ. (2010). Ulusal Bilincin İnşası Sürecinde Halkla İlişkiler”, Cumhuriyet Döneminde İletisim Kurumlar, Politikalar, Der. Nazife Güngör, Ankara. Gower, K. (2008). US Corporate Public Relations in the Progressive Era. Journal of communication management .12 (4):305-318. Kazancı M. (2006). Osmanlı da Halkla İlişkiler, Selçuk İletişim Dergisi , 4 (3):5-20 Kazancı, M. (1997). Kamuda ve Özel Sektörde Halkla İlişkiler. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi. Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2002). Toward a dialogic theory of public relations. Public relations review, 28(1), 21-37. Makovsky, K. (2013). Women in Leadership in PR. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenmakovsky/2013/02/25/davos–blog–1–women–in–leadership–in–pr/ Moreno, M. A., Goniu, N., Moreno, P. S., & Diekema, D. (2013). Ethics of social media research: Common concerns and practical considerations. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(9), 708-713. Öksüz, B., Görpe, S. (2014). Türkıye'de halkla ılıskıler alanında kadının yerı: akademısyenler, uygulamacılar ve meslek örgütü temsılcılerının konuya yaklasımları. Istanbul Üniversitesi İletisim Fakültesi Dergisi, (47), 125-142. Keating, M. (2007). Feminine Roles in the Ottoman Empire: The Significance of Women during the Sultanate of Women Period. Women. Küpeli, Ö. (2015). Kösem Sultan’a Ait Bir Muhallefât Kaydı. Cihannüma: Tarih ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 131-143. Okay, A.& Okay, A. (2014). Halkla İlişkiler Kavram Stratejileri ve Uygulamaları. İstanbul: Der Yayınları. Okay, A., & Okay, A. (2008). Undergraduate and graduate public relations education in Turkey: A quantitative study of dissertations contributions to public relations field (1984–2007). Selçuk İletişim Dergisi, Ocak, 5-14. Scrimger, J. (1989). Women communicators in Canada: A case for optimism, ln E. L. Toth, CTheus, K. T. (1985). Gender shifts in journalism and public relations. Public Relations Review, 11(1), 42-50. Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing As Qualitative Research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press. Seyfi, M. (2016). A Content Analysis of Turkish Doctoral Dissertations in Public Relations. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 4(4). Şanlı, H. K. (2015). The Historiography of Public Relations in Turkish Public Relations Books. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi, (23), 135-149. Tanyıldızı, N. İ. (2011). Türkiye'de Halkla İlişkiler Mesleğinde Kadın.Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (1), 75-81. Tanyıldızı, N. İ. (2011). Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Mesleğinde Kadın. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13 (20), 75-81. Turan K. (2014). Halkla ilişkiler eğitimi gören üniversite öğrencilerinin kadınların halkla ilişkiler alanında yönetici olmalarına ilişkin tutumları: cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rolü yöneliminin etkileri, Başkent üniversitesi, Halkla İlişkiler ve Tanıtım Bölümü, Master Thesis. Turk. J, V. (1986). The shifting salary scene. Currents. 72(6). 20. Uysal, sezer, http://remas-net.blogspot.com.tr/2013/10/turkiyede-kadin-istihdami-halkla.html Yamanoğlu M. A., Lamme, M.O., v.d (2009), The state of Public Relations History.” Amerikan Journalism 26 (1):156-159 Yavuz, Ş. (2008). Türk Halkla İlişkiler Tarihinden Gizli Kalmış Bir Sayfa: Ziraat Bankası Beşikdüzü Şubesi ve Sıla Dergisi. Galatasaray University Journal of Communicationi, 8(8). Yaxley, H. M. L. (2013), “Career experiences of women in British public relations (1970-1989)”, Public Relations Review, Vol. 39, pp. 156-165. Yıldırım, D., Metin, S. (2006). Halkla ilişkiler ve cinsiyet. ıı. ulusal halkla ilişkiler sempozyumu, Kocaeli Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 45-50. Zerfass, A., Tensch, R., Vercic, D., Verhoeven, P. & Moreno, A. (2014). European Communication Monitor 2014. Excellence in Strategic Communication– Key Issues, Leadership, Gender and Mobile Media. Results of A Survey in 42 Countries. Brussels: EACD/EUPRERA, Helios Media
There are 1 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 1, 2018 |
| Submission Date | March 2, 2018 |
| Acceptance Date | March 21, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
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