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Algoritmalar, Yapay Zeka ve Makine Öğrenimi Ekseninde Gazetecilik Etiği: Uluslararası Akademik Dergilere Yönelik Bir İnceleme

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 12, 296 - 327, 31.05.2021

Bahar Kayıhan Bilge Narin Demet Fırat Feyyaz Fırat

https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.900086
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Algoritmalar pek çok alanda olduğu gibi gazetecilikte de kullanılır hâle gelmiştir. Ancak bu durum, etik sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ayrıca algoritmalar geliştikçe etik sorunlar artmaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada algoritma etiği üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda gazetecilik alanıyla ilgili önde gelen üç dergi olan Digital Journalism, Journalism Studies ve Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly’de 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında yayımlanmış algoritmalarla ilgili çalışmalar nitel içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Alanda önde gelen bu dergilerde algoritma etiğine ne şekilde değinildiğini açığa çıkarmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, makalelerin odaklarına, araştırmada kullanılan kuram/kavramlara, çalışmaların yöntemlerine, örneklemlerine, çalışmaların gerçekleştirildiği ülke ya da ülkelere ve algoritma etiğine yönelik bulgularına odaklanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gazetecilik alanında önde gelen bu dergilerde algoritmalara ilişkin çalışmalara fazla yer verilmediği, ayrıca çalışmaların çok azında etik sorunlara değinildiği açığa çıkmıştır. Algoritma etiğini araştıran sınırlı sayıda çalışmada ise algoritmalara dayalı etik ihlallerin, insanların tehlike altında hissetmeleri ya da suçsuz yere yargılanmaları gibi çeşitli sorunlara neden olabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmaların etik sorunların çözümüne yönelik çeşitli yasal düzenlemeleri, makine öğrenimi teknolojisinin kullanımını, gerektiğinde insan kontrolünü ve algoritma seçimleri hakkında kullanıcıların bilgilendirilmesini önerdiği anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Algoritma Algoritma Etiği Dijital Gazetecilik Etik Gazetecilik

References

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Journalism Ethics on the Axis of Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Review of International Academic Journals

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 12, 296 - 327, 31.05.2021

Bahar Kayıhan Bilge Narin Demet Fırat Feyyaz Fırat

https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.900086
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Algorithms have become used in journalism, as in many other fields. However, this situation has brought ethical problems with it. In addition, ethical problems continue to increase as algorithms evolve. Therefore, this study focused on algorithm ethics. In this context, studies on algorithms published in 2019 and 2020 in Digital Journalism, Journalism Studies and Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, which are three leading journals in the field of journalism, were examined. For this, content analysis method was used. It is aimed to reveal how algorithm ethics are mentioned in these leading journals in the field. In this direction, the focus of the articles, the theory/concepts used in the research, the methods of the studies, the samples, the country or countries where the studies were carried out, and the findings of algorithm ethics were focused. As a result, it has been revealed that these leading journals in the field of journalism do not have much coverage on algorithms, and that only a few of the studies address ethical issues. In a limited number of studies examining algorithm ethics, it has been stated that ethical violations based on algorithms can cause various problems such as people feeling in danger or being prosecuted innocently. Also it is revealed that, these studies suggests various legal regulations, the use of machine learning technology, human control when necessary, and informing of users about algorithm choices for the solution of ethical problems.

Keywords

Algorithm Algorithm Ethics Digital Journalism Ethics Journalism

References

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  • Bodó, B. (2019). Selling news to audiences–a qualitative inquiry into the emerging logics of algorithmic news personalization in European quality news media. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1054-1075.
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  • De Grove, F., Boghe, K., & De Marez, L. (2020). (What) Can Journalism Studies Learn from Supervised Machine Learning?. Journalism Studies, 21(7), 912-927.
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  • Harambam J., Helberger N., van Hoboken J. (2018). Democratizing algorithmic news recommenders: how to materialize voice in a technologically saturated media ecosystem. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 376: 20180088.http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0088
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  • Jones, R., & Jones, B. (2019). Atomising the news: The (in) flexibility of structured journalism. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1157-1179.
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  • Journalism Studies, Erişim adresi: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=rjos20, Erişim tarihi: 04.03.2021
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  • Kearns, M., & Roth, A. (2019). The ethical algorithm: The science of socially aware algorithm design. Oxford University Press.
  • Kraemer, F., Van Overveld, K., & Peterson, M. (2011). Is there an ethics of algorithms?. Ethics and information technology, 13(3), 251-260.
  • Leben, D. (2018). Ethics for robots: How to design a moral algorithm. Routledge.
  • Lewis, S. C., Guzman, A. L., & Schmidt, T. R. (2019). Automation, journalism, and human–machine communication: Rethinking roles and relationships of humans and machines in news. Digital Journalism, 7(4), 409-427.
  • Lewis, S. C., Sanders, A. K., & Carmody, C. (2019). Libel by Algorithm? Automated Journalism and the Threat of Legal Liability. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(1), 60–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018755983
  • Lewis, S. C., Sanders, A. K., & Carmody, C. (2019). Libel by algorithm? Automated journalism and the threat of legal liability. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(1), 60-81.
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  • Loecherbach, F., Moeller, J., Trilling, D., & van Atteveldt, W. (2020). The unified framework of media diversity: A systematic literature review. Digital Journalism, 8(5), 605-642.
  • Lu, S. (2020). Taming the News Feed on Facebook: Understanding Consumptive News Feed Curation through a Social Cognitive Perspective. Digital Journalism, 8(9), 1163-1180.
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  • McBride, Kelly, ve Tom Rosenstiel (2014). “New Guiding Principles for a New Era of Journalism.” İçinde The New Ethics of Journalism, edited by Kelly McBride and Tom Rosenstiel, 1–6. Thousand Oaks, CA: CQ Press.
  • Milosavljević, M., & Vobič, I. (2019). Human still in the loop: Editors reconsider the ideals of professional journalism through automation. Digital journalism, 7(8), 1098-1116.
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There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Makale
Authors

Bahar Kayıhan 0000-0001-5196-4350

Bilge Narin 0000-0001-8717-6487

Demet Fırat 0000-0003-3369-2405

Feyyaz Fırat 0000-0002-9694-0747

Publication Date May 31, 2021
Submission Date March 20, 2021
Acceptance Date May 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 12

Cite

APA Kayıhan, B., Narin, B., Fırat, D., Fırat, F. (2021). Algoritmalar, Yapay Zeka ve Makine Öğrenimi Ekseninde Gazetecilik Etiği: Uluslararası Akademik Dergilere Yönelik Bir İnceleme. TRT Akademi, 6(12), 296-327. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.900086

Cited By

Yapay Zekânın Medya ve Yayıncılık Alanına Etkisi
TRT Akademi
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1002525
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