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SÖMÜRGECİLİK VE SÖMÜRÜ: RUSYA ÜZERİNE POSTMODERN BİR ELEŞTİRİ

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 187 - 198, 30.09.2022

Abstract

Bu makalede, Rusya'nın geniş tarih ve coğrafyasına, hem "sömüren" hem de "sömürülen" kişiler arasındaki muğlak ilişkilere disiplinlerarası ve postmodern bir duruşla farklı bir yaklaşım benimsenecektir. Buna göre, üzerinde devam eden tartışmalara rağmen Postmodernizm, ulus-devletlerin mevcut krizlerine ve onların sömürge miraslarına yanıt verme şansı tanıyan bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilecektir. Bu nedenle, "her şeyin bir metin gibi olduğu" ana fikri, "kodları bozulmuş" veya "yapı-sökümü" gerçekleştirilmiş toplumlar ve onların yöneticileri için temel bir prensip olarak ele alınabilir ve bu bize yerleşik statükolara karşı daha fazla şüpheci olmamızı sağlayacaktır. Rus mantığının tarihte ve bugün de bize birçok kez kanıtladığı gibi, dilin "doğal olarak güvenilmez bir kültürel yapı" olarak sistematik kullanımları, tüm ulus-devletler için yeni ideolojilerin anahtarı olarak görülmelidir. Bu devletler, eğer kitleleri de daha fazla kod çözme ve yapı bozma için hazırsa, genel resmi her zaman rasyonel çıkarları için değiştirme eğilimindedirler. Dolayısıyla disiplinlerarası çizgisiyle bu çalışma, ‘sömürü’ ve genel olarak ‘sömürgecilik’ kavramlarına ilişkin kuramsal tartışmaları, postmodernizme ilişkin bazı tespit ve tanımlamalarla birlikte, Rus meselesi örneğindeki tarihsel pratiklerde yaşananlarla birleştirmeye çalışacaktır.

In this article, following an interdisciplinary and postmodern stance there will be adopted different kind of approach to the ambiguous relations between the people who may be both in the position of ‘exploiter’ and ‘exploited’ to the vast Russian history and geography. Accordingly, despite its blurred lines, Postmodernism will be taken as a chance to approach to the current crises of nation-states and their colonial legacies. Hence, the idea that ‘everything is like a text’ might be taken as one basic principle for ‘decoded’ or ‘deconstructed’ societies and their rulers, and this make us more suspicious against the established status-quos. As Russian logic has proved us several times in history and also today, systematic uses of language as an ‘inherently unreliable cultural construct’, must be seen therefore as the key for new ideologies for all nation-states. These states tend to change the overall picture always in favor of their ‘rational’ causes, if their masses are already prepared for more de-codes and de-constructions. So, this work with its interdisciplinary line will try to combine theoretical discussions on the thoughts on the terms ‘exploitation’ and ‘colonialism’ in general with some findings and definitions on postmodernism with what happened in historical practices in the case of Russian affairs.

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır

References

  • Ashcroft, Bill Gareth Griffiths & Helen Tiffin (eds.). (2000). Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Ashley, David. (1991). Introduction: Postmodernism and the Social Sciences. The Social Science Journal, 28 (3), 279-287.
  • Benjamin. Thomas (ed.) (2007). Encyclopedia of Western colonialism since 1450. Farmington Hills: Macmillan Reference.
  • Boyle, Mark. (2008). Geography, Civilisational Thinking, and the Colonial Present A Good Act of Contrition? Geopolitics, 13-4, 724–729.
  • Butler. Christopher (2002). Post-Modernism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Calkivik, Asli. (2017). Poststructuralism and Postmodernism in International Relations (Encyclopedia Chapter), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, 11/2017, in https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001 /acrefore-9780190846626-e-10. (last accessed on 14 August 2022).
  • Cooper. Frederick (2005). Colonialism In Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Der Derian, James. (2009). Critical Practices in International Theory: Selected Essays. Abingdon, Oxo: Routledge.
  • Devetak. Richard. (2005). The Gothic Scene of International Relations: Ghosts, Monsters, Terror and the Sublime after September 11. Review of International Studies, 31-4, 621-643.
  • Dutton, Michael. (2005). The Trick of Words: Asian studies, translation and the problems of knowledge. Steinmetz, George (Ed.). The Politics of Method in the Human Sciences: Positivism and Its Epistemological Others (pp. 87-125). Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Eagleton. Terry (2001). Nationalism: Irony and Commitment. Eagleton, Terry, Fredric Jameson, and Edward W. Said (eds.). Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature (pp. 23-42). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Fay, Brian. (1997). Contemporary Philosophy of Social Science: A Multicultural Approach. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Forest, Benjamin and Juliet Johnson. (2002). Unraveling the threads of history: Soviet–Era monuments and Post–Soviet national identity in Moscow. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92/3, 524-547.
  • Foucault, Michel. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-77, Brighton: Harvester Press.
  • Gellner. Ernest. (2003). Postmodernism, Reason and Religion. London: Routledge.
  • Ho-fung, Hung (2016). Orientalism and Area Studies: The Case of Sinology. Lee, Richard E Jr, and Immanuel Wallerstein (ed.). Overcoming the Two Cultures: Science vs. the Humanities in the Modern World-System (pp.87-103). New York: Routledge.
  • Jameson. Fredric. (2001). Modernism and Imperialism. Eagleton, Terry, Fredric Jameson, and Edward W. Said (eds.). Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature (pp. 43-68). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Khalid, Adeeb. (2000). Russian History and the Debate over Orientalism. Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. Kritika, 1-4, 691-699.
  • Myer. Will. (2002). Islam and Colonialism: Western perspectives on Soviet Asia, New York and London: RoutledgeCurzon.
  • Nazpary. Joma (2002). Post-Soviet Chaos: Violence and Dispossession in Kazakhstan. London: Pluto.
  • Putin, Vladimir. Address by the President of the Russian Federation. 21 Feb.2022, in http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67828 (last accessed on 14 August 2022).
  • Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (2011). Rusya Tarihi. Ankara: İnkılap Kitabevi.
  • Sahni, Kalpana (1997). Crucifying the Orient: Russian Orientalism and the Colonization of Caucasus and Central Asia. Bangkok, Oslo: White Orchid Press.
  • Said, Edward W. (2003). Orientalism. London, Penguin.
  • Said, Edward W. (2001). Yeats and Decolonization. Eagleton, Terry, Fredric Jameson, and Edward W. Said (eds.). Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature (pp. 69-98). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Schimmelpenninck, van der Oye David. (2010). Russian Orientalism: Asia in the Russian Mind from Peter the Great to the Emigration, New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
  • Shilliam. Robbie. (2011). The Perilous But Unavoidable Terrain of the Non-West. Shilliam, Robbie (ed.). International Relations and Non-Western Thought: Imperialism, Colonialism and Investigations of Global Modernity (pp.12-27). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2011, 12-27.
  • Smith, Neil. (2016). Remapping area knowledge: Beyond global/local. Wesley-Smith, Terence and Jon D. Goss (eds.). Remaking area studies: teaching and learning across Asia and the Pacific (pp. 24-40). Hawai: University of Hawai'i Press.
  • Tate Museum definitions in https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/postmodernism (last accessed on 14 August 2022).
  • Tolz, Vera. (2001). Russia: Inventing the Nation, London: Arnold.
  • Tolz, Vera (2011). Russia's own Orient: the politics of identity and Oriental studies in the late Imperial and early Soviet periods, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Vernadsky, George (2015). Rusya Tarihi. İstanbul: Selenge Yayınları, 2015.
  • Wolf, Eric R. (1982). Europe and the People without History. Berkeley and London: University of California Press.
  • Wolf, Eric R. (1984). Culture: Panacea or Problem? American Antiquity, 49/2, 393-400.

Colonialism and Exploitation: A Postmodern Critique on Russia

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 187 - 198, 30.09.2022

Abstract

Bu makalede, Rusya’nın geniş tarih ve coğrafyasına ve bu yolla
hem "sömüren" hem de "sömürülen" kişiler arasındaki muğlak ilişkilere
disiplinlerarası ve Postmodern bir bakışla, farklı bir yaklaşım
benimsenecektir. Buna göre, üzerinde devam eden tartışmalara rağmen,
Postmodernizm, ulus-devletlerin mevcut krizlerine ve onların sömürge
miraslarına yanıt verme şansı tanıyan bir yaklaşım olarak
değerlendirilecektir. Bu nedenle, "her şeyin bir metin gibi olduğu" ana
fikri, "kodları bozulmuş" veya "yapı-sökümü" gerçekleştirilmiş toplumlar
ve onların yöneticileri için temel bir prensip olarak ele alınabilir ve bu
bize yerleşik statükolara karşı daha fazla şüpheci olmamızı sağlayacaktır.
Rus mantığının tarihte ve bugün de bize birçok kez kanıtladığı gibi, dilin
‘doğal olarak güvenilmez bir kültürel yapı’ olarak sistematik kullanımları,
tüm ulus-devletler için yeni ideolojilerin anahtarı niteliğinde
görülmelidir. Bu devletler, eğer kitleleri de daha fazla kod çözme ve yapı
bozma için hazırsa, genel resmi her zaman rasyonel çıkarları için
değiştirme eğilimindedirler. Dolayısıyla disiplinlerarası çizgisiyle bu
çalışma, ‘sömürü’ ve genel olarak ‘sömürgecilik’ kavramlarına ilişkin
kuramsal tartışmaları, postmodernizme ilişkin bazı tespit ve
tanımlamalarla birlikte, Rus meselesi örneğindeki tarihsel pratiklerde
yaşananlarla birleştirmeye çalışacaktır.

References

  • Ashcroft, Bill Gareth Griffiths & Helen Tiffin (eds.). (2000). Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Ashley, David. (1991). Introduction: Postmodernism and the Social Sciences. The Social Science Journal, 28 (3), 279-287.
  • Benjamin. Thomas (ed.) (2007). Encyclopedia of Western colonialism since 1450. Farmington Hills: Macmillan Reference.
  • Boyle, Mark. (2008). Geography, Civilisational Thinking, and the Colonial Present A Good Act of Contrition? Geopolitics, 13-4, 724–729.
  • Butler. Christopher (2002). Post-Modernism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Calkivik, Asli. (2017). Poststructuralism and Postmodernism in International Relations (Encyclopedia Chapter), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, 11/2017, in https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001 /acrefore-9780190846626-e-10. (last accessed on 14 August 2022).
  • Cooper. Frederick (2005). Colonialism In Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Der Derian, James. (2009). Critical Practices in International Theory: Selected Essays. Abingdon, Oxo: Routledge.
  • Devetak. Richard. (2005). The Gothic Scene of International Relations: Ghosts, Monsters, Terror and the Sublime after September 11. Review of International Studies, 31-4, 621-643.
  • Dutton, Michael. (2005). The Trick of Words: Asian studies, translation and the problems of knowledge. Steinmetz, George (Ed.). The Politics of Method in the Human Sciences: Positivism and Its Epistemological Others (pp. 87-125). Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Eagleton. Terry (2001). Nationalism: Irony and Commitment. Eagleton, Terry, Fredric Jameson, and Edward W. Said (eds.). Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature (pp. 23-42). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Fay, Brian. (1997). Contemporary Philosophy of Social Science: A Multicultural Approach. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Forest, Benjamin and Juliet Johnson. (2002). Unraveling the threads of history: Soviet–Era monuments and Post–Soviet national identity in Moscow. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92/3, 524-547.
  • Foucault, Michel. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-77, Brighton: Harvester Press.
  • Gellner. Ernest. (2003). Postmodernism, Reason and Religion. London: Routledge.
  • Ho-fung, Hung (2016). Orientalism and Area Studies: The Case of Sinology. Lee, Richard E Jr, and Immanuel Wallerstein (ed.). Overcoming the Two Cultures: Science vs. the Humanities in the Modern World-System (pp.87-103). New York: Routledge.
  • Jameson. Fredric. (2001). Modernism and Imperialism. Eagleton, Terry, Fredric Jameson, and Edward W. Said (eds.). Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature (pp. 43-68). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Khalid, Adeeb. (2000). Russian History and the Debate over Orientalism. Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. Kritika, 1-4, 691-699.
  • Myer. Will. (2002). Islam and Colonialism: Western perspectives on Soviet Asia, New York and London: RoutledgeCurzon.
  • Nazpary. Joma (2002). Post-Soviet Chaos: Violence and Dispossession in Kazakhstan. London: Pluto.
  • Putin, Vladimir. Address by the President of the Russian Federation. 21 Feb.2022, in http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67828 (last accessed on 14 August 2022).
  • Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. (2011). Rusya Tarihi. Ankara: İnkılap Kitabevi.
  • Sahni, Kalpana (1997). Crucifying the Orient: Russian Orientalism and the Colonization of Caucasus and Central Asia. Bangkok, Oslo: White Orchid Press.
  • Said, Edward W. (2003). Orientalism. London, Penguin.
  • Said, Edward W. (2001). Yeats and Decolonization. Eagleton, Terry, Fredric Jameson, and Edward W. Said (eds.). Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature (pp. 69-98). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Schimmelpenninck, van der Oye David. (2010). Russian Orientalism: Asia in the Russian Mind from Peter the Great to the Emigration, New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
  • Shilliam. Robbie. (2011). The Perilous But Unavoidable Terrain of the Non-West. Shilliam, Robbie (ed.). International Relations and Non-Western Thought: Imperialism, Colonialism and Investigations of Global Modernity (pp.12-27). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge 2011, 12-27.
  • Smith, Neil. (2016). Remapping area knowledge: Beyond global/local. Wesley-Smith, Terence and Jon D. Goss (eds.). Remaking area studies: teaching and learning across Asia and the Pacific (pp. 24-40). Hawai: University of Hawai'i Press.
  • Tate Museum definitions in https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/postmodernism (last accessed on 14 August 2022).
  • Tolz, Vera. (2001). Russia: Inventing the Nation, London: Arnold.
  • Tolz, Vera (2011). Russia's own Orient: the politics of identity and Oriental studies in the late Imperial and early Soviet periods, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Vernadsky, George (2015). Rusya Tarihi. İstanbul: Selenge Yayınları, 2015.
  • Wolf, Eric R. (1982). Europe and the People without History. Berkeley and London: University of California Press.
  • Wolf, Eric R. (1984). Culture: Panacea or Problem? American Antiquity, 49/2, 393-400.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Melih Demirtaş

Early Pub Date September 29, 2022
Publication Date September 30, 2022
Submission Date August 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demirtaş, M. (2022). Colonialism and Exploitation: A Postmodern Critique on Russia. Türkiye Siyaset Bilimi Dergisi, 5(2), 187-198.

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