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EVDEN KAÇAN ÇOCUKLAR: ANKARA’DA ÇOCUK ŞUBEYE GETİRİLEN ÇOCUKLAR ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2020, Volume: 31 Issue: 3, 960 - 984, 24.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.659368

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Ankara ilinde evden kaçan çocukların ve ailelerinin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini ve çocukların evden kaçma nedenlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada; çocukların evden kaçmasına yardım eden kişilerin var olup olmadığı, çocukların evden kaçtıklarında nerede kaldıkları ve kaçtıktan sonra suça karışma durumları da ele alınmaktadır.
Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi izlenmiş; 140’ı evden kaçmış, 20’si ise evden kaçıp kurum bakımına alınmış 160 çocuk üzerinden çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, evden kaçan çocukların önemli bir kısmı (%73,1) kız çocuklarından oluşmaktadır. Evden kaçan her 4 çocuktan 1’i eğitimine devam edememektedir. Çocukların %16,9’u ilk evden kaçma deneyimini 9-12 yaşları arasında deneyimlemiştir. Evden kaçma nedenleri arasında, anne babanın sıkı disiplini (%35,3), anne babanın fiziksel şiddeti (%4,6), anne babanın ayrılması (%5,9), ekonomik sorunlar (%2,6), kardeşler arasında anlaşmazlık (%1,3), fuhuş yapmaya zorlanma (%0,7) ve istemediği biriyle evliliğe zorlanma (%0,7) gibi aile içi nedenler (%51,1) öne çıkmaktadır. Çocuklar okul başarısızlığı (%2) ve yaşadıkları ruhsal sorunlardan (%4,6) kaynaklı olarak da evden kaçtıklarını ifade etmektedirler. Bu konuların da aile içi ilişkiler ve sorunlarla ilişkilendirilmesi olanaklıdır; bu bağlamda aile temelli sorunlar nedeniyle evden kaçan çocuk oranının %60’a yaklaştığı dikkati çekmektedir. Evden kaçma nedenleri arasında arkadaş etkisi altında kalma ya da kız/erkek arkadaşına kaçma gibi nedenler (%19,6) de dikkat çekicidir. Evden kaçan çocukların %64,3’ü geceyi sokak ve terk edilmiş binalarda geçirmekte; dışarda kalınan ve uyunan bu zamanlarda çocukların bir bölümünün (%13,2) çeşitli suçların mağduru olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çocuklar cinsel istismar, şiddet, darp, kaçırılma ve alıkonulma gibi suç türlerine maruz kalmıştır. Çocukların evden kaçma nedenleri cinsiyete göre farklılaşmamaktadır (*p>0,05). 

References

  • Akarsu, B., Akarsu, B. (2019). Bilimsel araştırma tasarımı-Nicel, nitel ve karma araştırma yaklaşımları. İstanbul: Cinius Yayınları
  • Akkuş İlgezdi, Gamze. Türkiye’nin Kayıp Çocukları Raporu, CHP: 2018.
  • Bass, D. S. (1992). Helping vulnerable youths: Runaway and homeless adolescents in the United States. Washington, DC: NASW Press.
  • Çabuk, G. (2015). Evden kaçan çocuklar sil baştan projesi sonuç raporu. Aileder Yayını, Antalya.
  • Çay, M. (2016). Evden kaçan çocukların sosyodemografik özellikler ve algıladıkları sosyal destek açısından incelenmesi. 3rd International Congress on Social Sciences, China to Adriatic, October 27-30, 2016, Antalya.
  • DiPaolo, M. (2015). The impact of multiple childhood trauma on homeless runaway adolescents. Routledge.
  • Feitel, B., Margetson, N., Chamas, J., Lipman, C. (1992). Psychosocial background and behavioral and emotional disorders of homeless and runaway youth. Psychiatric Services, 43(2), 155-159.
  • Finkelhor, D., Sedlak, A., Hotaling, G. T. (1990). Missing, abducted, runaway, and thrown away children in America: First report, numbers and characteristics national incidence studies: Executive summary. DIANE Publishing.
  • Glowacz, F., Léonard, J., Courtain, A. (2017). Pathways of Running Away Among Belgian Youth. Youth & Society, 0044118X17734233.
  • Greene, J. M., Ennett, S. T., Ringwalt, C. L. (1999). Prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youth. American journal of public health, 89(9), 1406-1409.
  • Greene, J. M., Ringwalt, C. L., Lachan, R. (1997). Shelters for runaway and homeless youths: Capacity and occupancy. Child Welfare, 76(4), 549.
  • Greene, J., Ringwalt, C. L., Kelly, J., Iachan, R., Cohen, Z. (1995). Youth with runaway, throwaway, and homeless experiences: Prevalence, drug use, and other at-risk behaviors. Research Triangle Institute, 1.
  • Hammer, H., Finkelhor, D., Sedlack, A. J. (2002). Runaway/thrown away children: national estimates and characteristics. NISMART Series Bulletin.
  • Heflin, L. J., Rudy, K. (1991). Homeless and in need of special education. exceptional children at risk: CEC Mini-Library. Council for Exceptional Children, 1920 Association Dr., Reston, VA 22091-1589.
  • Janus, M. D., McCormack, A., Burgess, A. W., Hartman, C. (1987). Adolescent runaways: causes and consequences. Lexington Books/DC Heath and Com.
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Kavramlar Teknikler İlkeler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Kaufman, J. G., Widom, C. S. (1999). Childhood victimization, running away and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36(4), 347-370.
  • Koç, Başaran, Y. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde örnekleme kuramı. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(47), 480-495.
  • Kim, M. J., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Huang, B. (2009). Early child maltreatment, runaway youths, and risk of delinquency and victimization in adolescence: A mediational model. Social work research, 33(1), 19-28.
  • Kipke, M. D., Montgomery, S. B., Simon, T. R., Iverson, E. F. (1997). Substance abuse disorders among runaway and homeless youth. Substance use& misuse, 32(7-8), 969-986.
  • Kipke, M. D., Simon, T. R., Montgomery, S. B., Unger, J. B., Iversen, E. F. (1997). Homeless youth and their exposure to and involvement in violence while living on the streets. Journal of adolescent health, 20(5), 360-367.
  • McCormack, A., Janus, M. D., Burgess, A. W. (1986). Runaway youths and sexual victimization: Gender differences in an adolescent runaway population. Child Abuse & Neglect, 10(3), 387-395.
  • Meltzer, H., Ford, T., Bebbington, P., Vostanis, P. (2012). Children who run away from home: risks for suicidal behavior and substance misuse. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 415-421.
  • Morewitz, S. J. (2016). Runaway and homeless youth: new research and clinical perspectives. Springer.
  • Powers, J. L., Eckenrode, J., Jaklitsch, B. (1990). Maltreatment among runaway and homeless youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 14(1), 87-98.
  • Ranganathan, P., Aggarwal, R. (2018). Study designs: Part 1–An overview and classification. Perspect Clin Res, 9(4): 184–186.
  • Ringwalt, C. L., Greene, J. M., Robertson, M. J. (1998). Familial backgrounds and risk behaviors of youth with thrown away experiences. Journal of adolescence, 21(3), 241-252.
  • Silbert, M. H., Pines, A. M. (1981). Sexual child abuse as an antecedent to prostitution. Child Abuse & Neglect, 5(4), 407-411.
  • Stiffman, A. R. (1989). Suicide attempts in runaway youths. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 19(2), 147-159.
  • Thompson, S. J., Safyer, A. W., Pollio, D. E. (2001). Differences and predictors of family reunification among subgroups of runaway youths using shelter services. Social Work Research, 25(3), 163-172.
  • Thrane, L. E., Hoyt, D. R., Whitbeck, L. B., Yoder, K. A. (2006). Impact of family abuse on running away, deviance, and street victimization among homeless rural and urban youth. Child abuse & neglect, 30(10), 1117-1128.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2019). İstatistiklerle Aile 2018. Erişim: 25.08.2019, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2019). İşgücü İstatistikleri. Erişim: 25.08.2019, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x.
  • Tyler, K. A., Hoyt, D. R., Whitbeck, L. B., Cauce, A. M. (2001). The impact of childhood sexual abuse on later sexual victimization among runaway youth. Journal of research on Adolescence, 11(2), 151-176.
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., Ackley, K. A. (1997). Abusive family backgrounds and later victimization among runaway and homeless adolescents. Journal of research on adolescence, 7(4), 375-392.
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., Ackley, K. A. (1997). Families of homeless and runaway adolescents: A comparison of parent/caretaker and adolescent perspectives on parenting, family violence, and adolescent conduct. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21(6), 517-528.
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., Yoder, K. A. (1999). A risk‐amplification model of victimization and depressive symptoms among runaway and homeless adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27(2), 273-296.
  • Yüksel, F., Koçtürk, N. (2018). Evden kaçan çocuklar: sosyal destek düzeyleri ve psikososyal özellikleri. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(15), 877-901.
  • Zengin, L. E. (2013). Ergenlerde evden kaçma davranışının sosyo-demografik özellikler ve aile işlevleri açısından incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, DEÜ Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Zide, M. R., Cherry, A. L. (1992). A typology of runaway youths: an empirically based definition. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 9(2), 155-168.

Run-Away Children: An Evaluation on the Children Brought to the Children’s Bureau of Ankara Police Headquarters

Year 2020, Volume: 31 Issue: 3, 960 - 984, 24.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.659368

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the following: socio-demographic characteristics of the children and their families, reasons of the fact, presence of any helper in running away, the place of stay after running away, and case of being victim of crime. Quantitative research method was used in this study. There is an evaluation over 160 children of whom 140 run away home and 20 both run away home and were taken to the agency.
A significant part of the runaway children (73,1%) is comprised of girls. One fourth of the children cannot continue education. 16,9% of them state that they were between 9 and 12 years of age when they first run away and that they did so due to domestic reasons (51,1%) such as strict discipline by parents (35,3%), parental physical violence (4,6%), separation of parents (5,9%), economic problems (2,6%), conflict between siblings (1,3%), and being forced to prostitution (0,7%) or to getting married to someone (0,7%). There are also children who state their reason as school failure (2%) and psychological problems (4,6%). When these reasons are evaluated as part of domestic problems, it becomes worth noticing that the ratio of the children who run away due to family-based problems rise above 60%. Another reason is about friends (19,6%) such as being under the influence of friends or running to girl/boyfriend. 64,3% of the runaway children stay in the streets and inside deserted buildings at night; and it is understood that a part of them (13,2%) fall victim of various crimes when they are outside. They were exposed to such crimes as sexual abuse, violence, abduction, and retention etc. Children’s reasons for running away do not differentiate according to sex (*p>0,05). 

References

  • Akarsu, B., Akarsu, B. (2019). Bilimsel araştırma tasarımı-Nicel, nitel ve karma araştırma yaklaşımları. İstanbul: Cinius Yayınları
  • Akkuş İlgezdi, Gamze. Türkiye’nin Kayıp Çocukları Raporu, CHP: 2018.
  • Bass, D. S. (1992). Helping vulnerable youths: Runaway and homeless adolescents in the United States. Washington, DC: NASW Press.
  • Çabuk, G. (2015). Evden kaçan çocuklar sil baştan projesi sonuç raporu. Aileder Yayını, Antalya.
  • Çay, M. (2016). Evden kaçan çocukların sosyodemografik özellikler ve algıladıkları sosyal destek açısından incelenmesi. 3rd International Congress on Social Sciences, China to Adriatic, October 27-30, 2016, Antalya.
  • DiPaolo, M. (2015). The impact of multiple childhood trauma on homeless runaway adolescents. Routledge.
  • Feitel, B., Margetson, N., Chamas, J., Lipman, C. (1992). Psychosocial background and behavioral and emotional disorders of homeless and runaway youth. Psychiatric Services, 43(2), 155-159.
  • Finkelhor, D., Sedlak, A., Hotaling, G. T. (1990). Missing, abducted, runaway, and thrown away children in America: First report, numbers and characteristics national incidence studies: Executive summary. DIANE Publishing.
  • Glowacz, F., Léonard, J., Courtain, A. (2017). Pathways of Running Away Among Belgian Youth. Youth & Society, 0044118X17734233.
  • Greene, J. M., Ennett, S. T., Ringwalt, C. L. (1999). Prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youth. American journal of public health, 89(9), 1406-1409.
  • Greene, J. M., Ringwalt, C. L., Lachan, R. (1997). Shelters for runaway and homeless youths: Capacity and occupancy. Child Welfare, 76(4), 549.
  • Greene, J., Ringwalt, C. L., Kelly, J., Iachan, R., Cohen, Z. (1995). Youth with runaway, throwaway, and homeless experiences: Prevalence, drug use, and other at-risk behaviors. Research Triangle Institute, 1.
  • Hammer, H., Finkelhor, D., Sedlack, A. J. (2002). Runaway/thrown away children: national estimates and characteristics. NISMART Series Bulletin.
  • Heflin, L. J., Rudy, K. (1991). Homeless and in need of special education. exceptional children at risk: CEC Mini-Library. Council for Exceptional Children, 1920 Association Dr., Reston, VA 22091-1589.
  • Janus, M. D., McCormack, A., Burgess, A. W., Hartman, C. (1987). Adolescent runaways: causes and consequences. Lexington Books/DC Heath and Com.
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Kavramlar Teknikler İlkeler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Kaufman, J. G., Widom, C. S. (1999). Childhood victimization, running away and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36(4), 347-370.
  • Koç, Başaran, Y. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde örnekleme kuramı. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(47), 480-495.
  • Kim, M. J., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Huang, B. (2009). Early child maltreatment, runaway youths, and risk of delinquency and victimization in adolescence: A mediational model. Social work research, 33(1), 19-28.
  • Kipke, M. D., Montgomery, S. B., Simon, T. R., Iverson, E. F. (1997). Substance abuse disorders among runaway and homeless youth. Substance use& misuse, 32(7-8), 969-986.
  • Kipke, M. D., Simon, T. R., Montgomery, S. B., Unger, J. B., Iversen, E. F. (1997). Homeless youth and their exposure to and involvement in violence while living on the streets. Journal of adolescent health, 20(5), 360-367.
  • McCormack, A., Janus, M. D., Burgess, A. W. (1986). Runaway youths and sexual victimization: Gender differences in an adolescent runaway population. Child Abuse & Neglect, 10(3), 387-395.
  • Meltzer, H., Ford, T., Bebbington, P., Vostanis, P. (2012). Children who run away from home: risks for suicidal behavior and substance misuse. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 415-421.
  • Morewitz, S. J. (2016). Runaway and homeless youth: new research and clinical perspectives. Springer.
  • Powers, J. L., Eckenrode, J., Jaklitsch, B. (1990). Maltreatment among runaway and homeless youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 14(1), 87-98.
  • Ranganathan, P., Aggarwal, R. (2018). Study designs: Part 1–An overview and classification. Perspect Clin Res, 9(4): 184–186.
  • Ringwalt, C. L., Greene, J. M., Robertson, M. J. (1998). Familial backgrounds and risk behaviors of youth with thrown away experiences. Journal of adolescence, 21(3), 241-252.
  • Silbert, M. H., Pines, A. M. (1981). Sexual child abuse as an antecedent to prostitution. Child Abuse & Neglect, 5(4), 407-411.
  • Stiffman, A. R. (1989). Suicide attempts in runaway youths. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 19(2), 147-159.
  • Thompson, S. J., Safyer, A. W., Pollio, D. E. (2001). Differences and predictors of family reunification among subgroups of runaway youths using shelter services. Social Work Research, 25(3), 163-172.
  • Thrane, L. E., Hoyt, D. R., Whitbeck, L. B., Yoder, K. A. (2006). Impact of family abuse on running away, deviance, and street victimization among homeless rural and urban youth. Child abuse & neglect, 30(10), 1117-1128.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2019). İstatistiklerle Aile 2018. Erişim: 25.08.2019, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2019). İşgücü İstatistikleri. Erişim: 25.08.2019, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=hb_x.
  • Tyler, K. A., Hoyt, D. R., Whitbeck, L. B., Cauce, A. M. (2001). The impact of childhood sexual abuse on later sexual victimization among runaway youth. Journal of research on Adolescence, 11(2), 151-176.
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., Ackley, K. A. (1997). Abusive family backgrounds and later victimization among runaway and homeless adolescents. Journal of research on adolescence, 7(4), 375-392.
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., Ackley, K. A. (1997). Families of homeless and runaway adolescents: A comparison of parent/caretaker and adolescent perspectives on parenting, family violence, and adolescent conduct. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21(6), 517-528.
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., Yoder, K. A. (1999). A risk‐amplification model of victimization and depressive symptoms among runaway and homeless adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27(2), 273-296.
  • Yüksel, F., Koçtürk, N. (2018). Evden kaçan çocuklar: sosyal destek düzeyleri ve psikososyal özellikleri. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(15), 877-901.
  • Zengin, L. E. (2013). Ergenlerde evden kaçma davranışının sosyo-demografik özellikler ve aile işlevleri açısından incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, DEÜ Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Zide, M. R., Cherry, A. L. (1992). A typology of runaway youths: an empirically based definition. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 9(2), 155-168.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kasım Karataş 0000-0002-4817-9981

Emrah Akbaş 0000-0003-2807-4055

Gamze Erükçü Akbaş 0000-0002-9790-5329

Ezgi Çamuşcu 0000-0002-5108-5441

Publication Date July 24, 2020
Submission Date December 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 31 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Karataş, K., Akbaş, E., Erükçü Akbaş, G., Çamuşcu, E. (2020). EVDEN KAÇAN ÇOCUKLAR: ANKARA’DA ÇOCUK ŞUBEYE GETİRİLEN ÇOCUKLAR ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31(3), 960-984. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.659368