Research Article
Çin’de Üretilen Aşılara Yönelik YouTube Tartışmaları Çerçevesinde Yanlış Bilgi ve Nefret Söylemi İlişkisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemisi geleneksel medya ve yeni medyaya belirgin etkilerde bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda
yeni medya parametrelerine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan infodeminin toplumsal riskler oluşturduğu
gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 sürecinde dijital platformlardaki yanlış bilgi, nefret söylemi
ve kullanıcı etkileşimi miktarı arasındaki ilişki Çin’de üretilmiş aşılar bağlamında incelenmiştir. Beş
YouTube videosundan 2919 kullanıcı yorumu toplanmış, tümdengelimci nitel içerik analizi yaklaşımıyla
çözümlenmiş, ardından Ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. Yorumlarda yanlış bilgi ve nefret söylemi mevcudiyeti
arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca nefret söylemi ve etkileşim arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki
olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Aynı anda hem yanlış bilgi hem de nefret söylemi içeren yorumlar incelendiğinde,
çoğunlukla virüsün bir proje olduğunu iddia eden yanlış bilgilerle karşılaşılmıştır. Virüsün bir savaş
enstrümanı, aşının ise ticari bir araç olduğuna yönelik iddialarda bulunulduğuna rastlanılmıştır. Ayrıca
Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’ndeki durum kapsamında Türk düşmanlığı gibi farklı bağlamlarda “bize karşı
onlar” söylemi yaratıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yanlış bilginin mevcut olduğu durumlarda yorumlardaki nefret
söyleminin yüzde 5,1 daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yorumların tümündeki ortalama beğeni sayısı 3,4
iken, nefret söylemi içeren kullanıcı yorumlarının ortalama beğeni sayısının 6,6 olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Yanlış bilgi ve nefret söylemi döngüsel bir şekilde birbirini beslemektedir. Sonuç olarak bu durumun
yaşanmakta olan sağlık kriziyle mücadeleyi olumsuz etkileme potansiyeli taşıdığı ortaya konmuştur.
References
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An Analysis on the Relationship Between Misinformation and Hate Speech in the Framework of YouTube Discussions About Vaccines Produced in China
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced conventional and new media. In this context, it has been
observed that the infodemic that emerges due to parameters of new media poses social risks. This study
aims to analyze the relationship between misinformation, hate speech and the amount of user interaction
during COVID-19 on digital platforms in the context of vaccines produced in China. 2919 user comments
were collected from the five YouTube videos. Comments were analysed with deductive content analysis and
Chi-square test was implemented. A significant relationship exists between misinformation existence and
hate speech existence. In addition, a significant relationship was found between hate speech existence and
amount of user interaction in comments. Content of comments, where both misinformation and hate speech
exist, shows that users often claim that the virus is a project, a war instrument or vaccines are commercial
instruments. It is observed that a “they versus us” discourse was established in the context of the situation in
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Turkophobia. It was identified that when misinformation exists
in user comments, the existence of hate speech is 5,1% higher. It was observed that the average amount of
user interaction of comments that contain hate speech is 6,6 while the average amount of user interaction
in overall comments is 3,4. Finally, it is concluded that this situation can potentially impact the fight with
ongoing health crisis in a negative way.
References
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- Arcila-Calderón, C., Blanco-Herrero, D., Frías-Vázquez, M. & Seoane, F. (2021). Refugees welcome? Online hate speech and sentiments in Twitter in Spain during the reception of the boat aquarius. Sustainability(Switzerland), 13(5), 2728.
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- Atehortua, N. A. & Patino, S. (2020). COVID-19, a tale of two pandemics: novel coronavirus and fake news messaging. Health Promotion International, 36(2), 524-534
- Awal, M. R., Cao, R., Mitrovic, S. & Lee, R. K. W. (2020). On analyzing antisocial behaviors amid covid-19 pandemic. 10.02.2021 tarihinde arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.10712 adresinden edinilmiştir.
- Breakwell, G. M. & Jaspal, R. (2020). Identity change, uncertainty and mistrust in relation to fear and risk of COVID-19. Journal of Risk Research, 24(3-4), 335-351.
- Brown, A. (2018). What is so special about online (as compared to offline) hate speech? Ethnicities, 18(3), 297- 326.
- Carrapico, H. & Farrand, B. (2020). Discursive continuity and change in the time of Covid-19: the case of EU cybersecurity policy. Journal of European Integration, 42(8), 1111–1126.
- Castrén, L. (2021). Online hate towards Chinese people during the Covid-19 pandemic. 18.02.2021 tarihinde erepo.uef.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/24779/161.794.4828165259795.pdf?sequence=-1 adresinden edinilmiştir.
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- Dirini, İ. & Özsu, G. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde sosyal medyada nefret söylemi raporu. Z. Özarslan (Ed.). 10.01.2021 tarihinde ekitap.alternatifbilisim.org/pdf/covid19-nefret-soylemi-raporu.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
- Döring, N. & Mohseni, M. R. (2019). Fail videos and related video comments on YouTube: A case of sexualization of women and gendered hate speech? Communication Research Reports, 36(3), 254-264.
- Duplaga, M. & Grysztar, M. (2021). The association between future anxiety, health literacy and the perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Healthcare, 9(1), 43.
- Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2020, 7 Temmuz). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 169. 2.02.2021 tarihinde who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200707-covid-19-sitrep-169. pdf?sfvrsn=c6c69c88_2 adresinden edinilmiştir.
- El-Gilany, A. H. (2020). Infodemics of COVID-19 pandemic. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 18 (Special issue), 86–95.
- Elo, S. & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107- 115.
- Ersoy, N. P. (2020). Binark: Medyada Çinlilere dönük bir nefret söylemi var. 25.02.2021 tarihinde https://www. gazeteruzgarli.com/binark-medyada-cinlilere-donuk-bir-nefret-soylemi-var/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
- Evanega, S., Lynas, M., Adams, J. & Smolenyak, K. (2020). Coronavirus misinformation: quantifying sources and themes in the COVID-19 “infodemic.” JMIR Preprints, 19(10), 1–13. 10.02.2021 tarihinde allianceforscience.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Evanega-et-al-Coronavirusmisinformation- submitted_07_23_20-1.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
- Evolvi, G. (2019). #Islamexit: inter-group antagonism on Twitter. Information Communication and Society, 22(3),386-401.
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There are 73 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Communication and Media Studies |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2021 |
| Submission Date | May 5, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Issue: 38 |