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DİJİTALLEŞME VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK AÇISINDAN TÜRK KOBİ'LERİNİN DÖNÜŞÜM SÜRECİ

Year 2023, Issue: 41, 1 - 15, 31.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1133377

Abstract

Dijitalleşme ve sürdürülebilirlik günümüz dünyasında artık tartışmalı konular değildir. Dijital inovasyon ve çevreye ilişkin eylemler sürekli gelişmekte ve bir şirketin stratejisini, yapısını, operasyonlarını ve performansını etkilemektedir. Özellikle Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan bir ekonomi için bu gelişmeler oldukça önemlidir. İstihdamın %72’sini sağlayan küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ'ler) Türkiye ekonomisinin bel kemiğini oluşturmaktadır. Günümüz iş dünyasında dijital inovasyon ve sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımlarının kullanılması, KOBİ'lerin büyümesi üzerinde giderek daha olumlu bir etkiye sahip olmaktadır. Bu makale, Türk KOBİ'lerinin sürdürülebilirlik ve dijitalleşmeye yönelik dönüşüm sürecine odaklanmaktadır. Veriler, 27 AB ülkesinin ortalamasını Türkiye ile karşılaştıran Flaş Avrupa Barometresi 486'dan elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda özellikle yüksek yatırım gereksinimleri ve finansal kaynakların kıtlığı nedeniyle sürdürülebilirlik ve dijitalleşme uygulamalarının Türk KOBİ'leri tarafından yeterince hayata geçirilemediği anlaşılmıştır.

References

  • Aragón-Correa, J. A., Hurtado-Torres, N., Sharma, S. and García-Morales, V. J. (2008). Environmental strategy and performance in small firms: A resource-based perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(1), 88-103.
  • Ardia, D., Bluteau, K., Boudt, K. and Inghelbrecht, K. (2021). Climate change concerns and the performance of green versus brown stocks (21/1011). Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium.
  • Azapagic, A. (2003). Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability: A General Management Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81(5), 303-316.
  • Baines, T., Ziaee Bigdeli, A., Bustinza, O. F., Shi, V. G., Baldwin, J. and Ridgway, K. (2017). Servitization: Revisiting the state-of-the-art and research priorities. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 37(2), 256-278.
  • Battisti, M. and Perry, M. (2011). Walking the talk? Environmental responsibility from the perspective of small-business owners. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 18(3), 172-185.
  • Berg, H., Bendix, P., Jansen, M., Le Blevennec K., Bottermann, P., Magnus- Melgar, M., Pohjalainen, E. and Wahlstrom, M. (2021). Unlocking the potential of Industry 4.0 to reduce the environmental impact of production. Eionet Report - ETC/WMGE 2021/5. Mol: European Topic Centre Waste and Materials in a Green Economy.
  • Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., and Del Giudice, M. (2018). The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart city projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 331-338.
  • Calderon-Monge, E., Pastor-Sanz, I. and Sendra Garcia, F. J. (2020). Analysis of sustainable consumer behavior as a business opportunity. Journal of Business Research, 120, 74–81.
  • Cenamor, J., Rönnberg Sjödin, D. and Parida, V. (2017). Adopting a platform approach in servitization: Leveraging the value of digitalization. International Journal of Production Economics, 192, 54-65.
  • De Man, J.C. and Strandhagen, J.O. (2017). An Industry 4.0 research agenda for sustainable business models. Procedia CIRP, 63, 721-726.
  • Doane, D. and MacGillivray, A. (2001). Economic Sustainability- The business of staying in business. The Sigma Project R&D Report. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/DeborahDoane/publication/237302235_Economic_Sustainability_The_business_of_staying_in_business/links/5440f98d0cf2a6a049a356ff/Economic-Sustainability-The-business-of-staying-in-business.pdf (Last Accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • Dutta, G., Kumar, R., Sindhwani, R. and Singh, R. K. (2021). Digitalization priorities of quality control processes for SMEs: A conceptual study in perspective of Industry 4.0 adoption. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 32(6), 1679-1698.
  • Eurobarometer (2020). Flash Eurobarometer 486: SMEs, start-ups, scale-ups and entrepreneurship. Directorate-General for Communication. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2244 (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • European Commission (2021a). Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, SME Performance Review, https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/smes/sme-strategy/sme-performance-review_en (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • European Commission (2021b). Annual Report on European SMEs, 2020/2021, Digitalisation of SMEs, Karen Hope (Ed.), https://clustercollaboration.eu/sites/default/files/documentstore/SME%20Annual%20Report%20-%202021.pdf (Last accessed: 07.02.2023).
  • Fernando, Y., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J. and Wah, W. X. (2019). Pursuing green growth in technology firms through the connections between environmental innovation and sustainable business performance: Does service capability matter? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 8-20.
  • Giudice, M. D., Khan, Z., Silva, M. D., Scuotto, V., Caputo, F. and Carayannis, E. (2017). The microlevel actions undertaken by owner‐managers in improving the sustainability practices of cultural and creative small and medium enterprises: A United Kingdom–Italy comparison. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 1396-1414.
  • Gobble, M. M. (2018). Digitalization, Digitization, and Innovation. Research-Technology Management, 61(4), 56-59.
  • Gomes, M. C., Kneipp, J. M., Kruglianskas, I., Rosa, L. A. B. and Bichueti, R. S. (2015). Management for sustainability: An analysis of the key practices according to the business size. Ecological Indicators, 52, 116-127.
  • Gray, J. and Rumpe, B (2015). Models for Digitalization, Software & Systems Modeling, 14, 1319-1320.
  • Hoffman, A. J. and Bansal, P. (2012). Retrospective, Perspective, and Prospective: Introduction to the Oxford Handbook on Business and the Natural Environment. In P. Bansal and A. J. Hoffman (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hoogendoorn, B., Guerra, D. and van der Zwan, P. (2015). What drives environmental practices of SMEs? Small Business Economics, 44(4), 759-781.
  • Hossnofsky, V. and Junge, S. (2019). Does the market reward digitalization efforts? Evidence from securities analysts' investment recommendations. Journal of Business Economics, 89(8-9), 965-994.
  • Isensee, C., Teuteberg, F., Griese, K. and Topi, C. (2020). The relationship between organizational culture, sustainability, and digitalization in SMEs: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 122944.
  • Kabiraj, S., Topkar, V. and Walke, R. C. (2010). Going Green: A Holistic Approach to Transform Business, International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 2(3), 10-31. Retrieved from: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1009/1009.0844.pdf (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • Khan, S.A.R., Ponce, P., Thomas, G., Yu, Z., Al-Ahmadi, M.S. and Tanveer, M. (2021). Digital Technologies, Circular Economy Practices and Environmental Policies in the Era of COVID-19. Sustainability, 13 (22), 1-14.
  • Kilimis, P., Zou, W., Lehmann, M. and Berger, U. (2019). A survey on digitalization for SMEs in Brandenburg, Germany. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 2140-2145.
  • Kumbalı, H. Ç., İncekara, M. and Sarikaya, M. (2022). KOBİ’lerde Çevresel ve Sosyal Sürdürülebilirlik: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Karşilaştirmasi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(26), 789-823.
  • Kunapatarawong, R. and Martínez-Ros, E. (2016). Towards green growth: How does green innovation affect employment? Research Policy, 45(6), 1218-1232.
  • Lee, C. M. J., Che-Ha, N. and Alwi, S. F. S. (2021). Service customer orientation and social sustainability: The case of small medium enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 122, 751-760.
  • Matteis, F., Preite, D. and Striani, F. (2017). Cultural Sustainability: Some Reflections on the Financial Role of the Italian Local Governments. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 11, 7-16.
  • Molina‐Azorín, J. F., Claver‐Cortés, E., López‐Gamero, M. D. and Tarí, J. J. (2009). Green management and financial performance: A literature review. Management Decision, 47(7), 1080-1100.
  • OECD (2018). Environmental Policy Toolkit for SME Greening in EU Eastern Partnership Countries. OECD Green Growth Studies, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • OECD (2021). The Digital Transformation of SMEs. OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Ogrean, C. and Herciu, M. (2021). Romania's SMEs on the Way to EU's Twin Transition to Digitalization and Sustainability. Studies in Business and Economics, 16(2), 282-295.
  • Olson, E. L. (2013). It's not easy being green: The effects of attribute tradeoffs on green product preference and choice. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(2), 171-184.
  • Pacheco, D. F., Dean, T. J. and Payne, D. S. (2010). Escaping the green prison: Entrepreneurship and the creation of opportunities for sustainable development. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 464-480.
  • Pekanov Starčević, D., Mijoč, J. and Zrnić, A. (2017). Is it Worth Going Green in Croatia? Empirical Evidence from SMEs. Ekonomski vjesnik: Review of Contemporary Entrepreneurship, Business, and Economic Issues, 30(1), 141-154.
  • Porter, M. E. and Heppelmann, J. E. (2015). How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Companies. Harvard Business Review, 93(10), 96-114.
  • Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W. and Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(8), 1143-1160.
  • Rai, S. S., Rai, S. and Singh, N. K. (2021). Organizational resilience and social-economic sustainability: COVID-19 perspective. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 12006-12023.
  • Rivza, B., Kruzmetra, M., Gudele, I. and Foris, D. (2019). Digitalization as an essential growth factor contributing in SME development (experience of Latvia and Romania). Agronomy Research, 17(1), 261-270.
  • Russo, M. V. and Minto, A. (2012). Competitive Strategy and the Environment: A Field of Inquiry Emerges. In P. Bansal and A. J. Hoffman (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Sarıkaya, M. (2022). Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik ve Dijitalleşme. A. Kıray ve M. KAPLAN (Ed.), Teknolojik Dönüşüm, İşletme ve Ekonomi içinde, 1-20. Ankara: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Sarkis, J., Helms, M. M. and Hervani, A. A. (2010). Reverse logistics and social sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17, 337-354.
  • Saunila, M., Nasiri, M., Ukko, J. and Rantala, T. (2019). Smart Technologies and Corporate Sustainability: The Mediation Effect of Corporate Sustainability Strategy. Computers in Industry, 108, 178-185.
  • Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R. (2005). Corporate Sustainability. In The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2005/2006, H. Folmer and T. Tietenberg (Eds.), 185-222, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  • Schaltegger, S. and Synnestvedt, T. (2002). The link between 'green' and economic success: environmental management as the crucial trigger between environmental and economic performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 65(4), 339-346.
  • Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. UK: Portfolio Penguin.
  • Sheehy, B. and Farneti, F. (2021). Corporate Social responsibility, Sustainability, Sustainable Development and Corporate Sustainability: What is the Difference, and Does It Matter? Sustainability, 13(11), 1-17.
  • Truant, E., Broccardo, L. and Dana, L. P. (2021). Digitalization boosts company performance: an overview of Italian listed companies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121173.
  • Ulas, D. (2019). Digital transformation process and SMEs. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 662-671.
  • Van Marrewijk, M. (2003). Concepts and Definitions of CSR and Corporate Sustainability: Between Agency and Communion. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2), 95-105.
  • Verina, N. and Titko, J. (2019). Digital transformation: Conceptual Framework. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering'2019, Vilnius, Lithuania, 719-727.
  • Voza, D., Szewieczek, A. and Grabara, D. (2022). Environmental sustainability in digitalized SMEs: Comparative study from Poland and Serbia. Serbian Journal of Management, 17(1), 15-31.
  • World Economic Forum (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution can close the digital divide. This is how. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/how-do-we-close-the-digital-divide-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/ (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • Yuan, S., Musibau, H. O., Genç, S. Y., Shaheen, R., Ameen, A. and Tan, Z. (2021). Digitalization of economy is the key factor behind fourth industrial revolution: How G7 countries are overcoming with the financing issues? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 165, 120533.

THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS OF TURKISH SMES IN TERMS OF DIGITALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY

Year 2023, Issue: 41, 1 - 15, 31.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1133377

Abstract

Digitalization and sustainability are no longer contentious topics in today's world. Digital innovation and ecological actions constantly evolve, affecting a company's strategy, structure, operations, and performance. These developments are particularly important for growing economies such as Türkiye. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential to the Turkish economy, providing 72 % of employment. The utilization of digital innovations and sustainability approaches is having an increasingly positive impact on the growth of SMEs in today's business environment. This article focuses on the transformative process of Turkish SMEs toward sustainability and digitalization. The data were from the Flash Eurobarometer 486, which compares the average of 27 EU countries to Türkiye. As a result of the study, it is understood that sustainability and digitalization continue to be underused in Turkish SMEs, primarily due to high investment requirements and a scarcity of financial resources.

References

  • Aragón-Correa, J. A., Hurtado-Torres, N., Sharma, S. and García-Morales, V. J. (2008). Environmental strategy and performance in small firms: A resource-based perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(1), 88-103.
  • Ardia, D., Bluteau, K., Boudt, K. and Inghelbrecht, K. (2021). Climate change concerns and the performance of green versus brown stocks (21/1011). Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium.
  • Azapagic, A. (2003). Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability: A General Management Framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81(5), 303-316.
  • Baines, T., Ziaee Bigdeli, A., Bustinza, O. F., Shi, V. G., Baldwin, J. and Ridgway, K. (2017). Servitization: Revisiting the state-of-the-art and research priorities. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 37(2), 256-278.
  • Battisti, M. and Perry, M. (2011). Walking the talk? Environmental responsibility from the perspective of small-business owners. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 18(3), 172-185.
  • Berg, H., Bendix, P., Jansen, M., Le Blevennec K., Bottermann, P., Magnus- Melgar, M., Pohjalainen, E. and Wahlstrom, M. (2021). Unlocking the potential of Industry 4.0 to reduce the environmental impact of production. Eionet Report - ETC/WMGE 2021/5. Mol: European Topic Centre Waste and Materials in a Green Economy.
  • Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., and Del Giudice, M. (2018). The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart city projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 331-338.
  • Calderon-Monge, E., Pastor-Sanz, I. and Sendra Garcia, F. J. (2020). Analysis of sustainable consumer behavior as a business opportunity. Journal of Business Research, 120, 74–81.
  • Cenamor, J., Rönnberg Sjödin, D. and Parida, V. (2017). Adopting a platform approach in servitization: Leveraging the value of digitalization. International Journal of Production Economics, 192, 54-65.
  • De Man, J.C. and Strandhagen, J.O. (2017). An Industry 4.0 research agenda for sustainable business models. Procedia CIRP, 63, 721-726.
  • Doane, D. and MacGillivray, A. (2001). Economic Sustainability- The business of staying in business. The Sigma Project R&D Report. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/DeborahDoane/publication/237302235_Economic_Sustainability_The_business_of_staying_in_business/links/5440f98d0cf2a6a049a356ff/Economic-Sustainability-The-business-of-staying-in-business.pdf (Last Accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • Dutta, G., Kumar, R., Sindhwani, R. and Singh, R. K. (2021). Digitalization priorities of quality control processes for SMEs: A conceptual study in perspective of Industry 4.0 adoption. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 32(6), 1679-1698.
  • Eurobarometer (2020). Flash Eurobarometer 486: SMEs, start-ups, scale-ups and entrepreneurship. Directorate-General for Communication. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2244 (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • European Commission (2021a). Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, SME Performance Review, https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/smes/sme-strategy/sme-performance-review_en (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • European Commission (2021b). Annual Report on European SMEs, 2020/2021, Digitalisation of SMEs, Karen Hope (Ed.), https://clustercollaboration.eu/sites/default/files/documentstore/SME%20Annual%20Report%20-%202021.pdf (Last accessed: 07.02.2023).
  • Fernando, Y., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J. and Wah, W. X. (2019). Pursuing green growth in technology firms through the connections between environmental innovation and sustainable business performance: Does service capability matter? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 8-20.
  • Giudice, M. D., Khan, Z., Silva, M. D., Scuotto, V., Caputo, F. and Carayannis, E. (2017). The microlevel actions undertaken by owner‐managers in improving the sustainability practices of cultural and creative small and medium enterprises: A United Kingdom–Italy comparison. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 1396-1414.
  • Gobble, M. M. (2018). Digitalization, Digitization, and Innovation. Research-Technology Management, 61(4), 56-59.
  • Gomes, M. C., Kneipp, J. M., Kruglianskas, I., Rosa, L. A. B. and Bichueti, R. S. (2015). Management for sustainability: An analysis of the key practices according to the business size. Ecological Indicators, 52, 116-127.
  • Gray, J. and Rumpe, B (2015). Models for Digitalization, Software & Systems Modeling, 14, 1319-1320.
  • Hoffman, A. J. and Bansal, P. (2012). Retrospective, Perspective, and Prospective: Introduction to the Oxford Handbook on Business and the Natural Environment. In P. Bansal and A. J. Hoffman (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hoogendoorn, B., Guerra, D. and van der Zwan, P. (2015). What drives environmental practices of SMEs? Small Business Economics, 44(4), 759-781.
  • Hossnofsky, V. and Junge, S. (2019). Does the market reward digitalization efforts? Evidence from securities analysts' investment recommendations. Journal of Business Economics, 89(8-9), 965-994.
  • Isensee, C., Teuteberg, F., Griese, K. and Topi, C. (2020). The relationship between organizational culture, sustainability, and digitalization in SMEs: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 122944.
  • Kabiraj, S., Topkar, V. and Walke, R. C. (2010). Going Green: A Holistic Approach to Transform Business, International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 2(3), 10-31. Retrieved from: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1009/1009.0844.pdf (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • Khan, S.A.R., Ponce, P., Thomas, G., Yu, Z., Al-Ahmadi, M.S. and Tanveer, M. (2021). Digital Technologies, Circular Economy Practices and Environmental Policies in the Era of COVID-19. Sustainability, 13 (22), 1-14.
  • Kilimis, P., Zou, W., Lehmann, M. and Berger, U. (2019). A survey on digitalization for SMEs in Brandenburg, Germany. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 2140-2145.
  • Kumbalı, H. Ç., İncekara, M. and Sarikaya, M. (2022). KOBİ’lerde Çevresel ve Sosyal Sürdürülebilirlik: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Karşilaştirmasi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(26), 789-823.
  • Kunapatarawong, R. and Martínez-Ros, E. (2016). Towards green growth: How does green innovation affect employment? Research Policy, 45(6), 1218-1232.
  • Lee, C. M. J., Che-Ha, N. and Alwi, S. F. S. (2021). Service customer orientation and social sustainability: The case of small medium enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 122, 751-760.
  • Matteis, F., Preite, D. and Striani, F. (2017). Cultural Sustainability: Some Reflections on the Financial Role of the Italian Local Governments. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 11, 7-16.
  • Molina‐Azorín, J. F., Claver‐Cortés, E., López‐Gamero, M. D. and Tarí, J. J. (2009). Green management and financial performance: A literature review. Management Decision, 47(7), 1080-1100.
  • OECD (2018). Environmental Policy Toolkit for SME Greening in EU Eastern Partnership Countries. OECD Green Growth Studies, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • OECD (2021). The Digital Transformation of SMEs. OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Ogrean, C. and Herciu, M. (2021). Romania's SMEs on the Way to EU's Twin Transition to Digitalization and Sustainability. Studies in Business and Economics, 16(2), 282-295.
  • Olson, E. L. (2013). It's not easy being green: The effects of attribute tradeoffs on green product preference and choice. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(2), 171-184.
  • Pacheco, D. F., Dean, T. J. and Payne, D. S. (2010). Escaping the green prison: Entrepreneurship and the creation of opportunities for sustainable development. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 464-480.
  • Pekanov Starčević, D., Mijoč, J. and Zrnić, A. (2017). Is it Worth Going Green in Croatia? Empirical Evidence from SMEs. Ekonomski vjesnik: Review of Contemporary Entrepreneurship, Business, and Economic Issues, 30(1), 141-154.
  • Porter, M. E. and Heppelmann, J. E. (2015). How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Companies. Harvard Business Review, 93(10), 96-114.
  • Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W. and Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(8), 1143-1160.
  • Rai, S. S., Rai, S. and Singh, N. K. (2021). Organizational resilience and social-economic sustainability: COVID-19 perspective. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 12006-12023.
  • Rivza, B., Kruzmetra, M., Gudele, I. and Foris, D. (2019). Digitalization as an essential growth factor contributing in SME development (experience of Latvia and Romania). Agronomy Research, 17(1), 261-270.
  • Russo, M. V. and Minto, A. (2012). Competitive Strategy and the Environment: A Field of Inquiry Emerges. In P. Bansal and A. J. Hoffman (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Sarıkaya, M. (2022). Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik ve Dijitalleşme. A. Kıray ve M. KAPLAN (Ed.), Teknolojik Dönüşüm, İşletme ve Ekonomi içinde, 1-20. Ankara: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Sarkis, J., Helms, M. M. and Hervani, A. A. (2010). Reverse logistics and social sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17, 337-354.
  • Saunila, M., Nasiri, M., Ukko, J. and Rantala, T. (2019). Smart Technologies and Corporate Sustainability: The Mediation Effect of Corporate Sustainability Strategy. Computers in Industry, 108, 178-185.
  • Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R. (2005). Corporate Sustainability. In The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2005/2006, H. Folmer and T. Tietenberg (Eds.), 185-222, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  • Schaltegger, S. and Synnestvedt, T. (2002). The link between 'green' and economic success: environmental management as the crucial trigger between environmental and economic performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 65(4), 339-346.
  • Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. UK: Portfolio Penguin.
  • Sheehy, B. and Farneti, F. (2021). Corporate Social responsibility, Sustainability, Sustainable Development and Corporate Sustainability: What is the Difference, and Does It Matter? Sustainability, 13(11), 1-17.
  • Truant, E., Broccardo, L. and Dana, L. P. (2021). Digitalization boosts company performance: an overview of Italian listed companies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121173.
  • Ulas, D. (2019). Digital transformation process and SMEs. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 662-671.
  • Van Marrewijk, M. (2003). Concepts and Definitions of CSR and Corporate Sustainability: Between Agency and Communion. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2), 95-105.
  • Verina, N. and Titko, J. (2019). Digital transformation: Conceptual Framework. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering'2019, Vilnius, Lithuania, 719-727.
  • Voza, D., Szewieczek, A. and Grabara, D. (2022). Environmental sustainability in digitalized SMEs: Comparative study from Poland and Serbia. Serbian Journal of Management, 17(1), 15-31.
  • World Economic Forum (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution can close the digital divide. This is how. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/how-do-we-close-the-digital-divide-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/ (Last accessed: 06.02.2023).
  • Yuan, S., Musibau, H. O., Genç, S. Y., Shaheen, R., Ameen, A. and Tan, Z. (2021). Digitalization of economy is the key factor behind fourth industrial revolution: How G7 countries are overcoming with the financing issues? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 165, 120533.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sustainable Operation Management
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa İncekara 0000-0003-0602-7987

Hatice Çoban Kumbalı 0000-0002-0295-6896

Mehtap Sarıkaya 0000-0002-9523-4154

Early Pub Date October 27, 2023
Publication Date October 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 41

Cite

APA İncekara, M., Çoban Kumbalı, H., & Sarıkaya, M. (2023). THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS OF TURKISH SMES IN TERMS OF DIGITALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(41), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1133377

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