Teorik Makale
Türkiye’de Lâdinî (nonreligious) Arayışları Çalışmak: Dinden Uzaklaşma ve Ayrılma Eğilimlerine Dair Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve Önerisi
Öz
Dinden uzaklaşma meselesine odaklanan bazı yeni din sosyolojisi çalışmaları, İngiltere, Almanya, Kanada gibi Batı toplumlarında sekülerizmin nüfusun çoğunluğunun içine doğduğu, düşünmeden kabul ettiği, sıradan bir olgu haline geldiğini; hatta bu durumun kendine has bir alt kültür yarattığını; dinden uzaklaşmanın özgül beğeni ve davranış kalıplarının ve dine benzer ritüellerinin ortaya çıktığını iddia ediyorlar (Alexander, 2021; Cotter ve diğerleri., 2012; Quack, 2014). Bu makalede önce Batı literatüründe nonreligion kavramı altında çalışılan ve bizim lâdînîlik olarak adlandırmayı önerdiğimiz din dışı arayışlar olgusunun kavramsal içeriğini, sonrasında ise Türkiye’deki gelişmeleri anlamak için bu kavrama ilişkin nasıl bir yaklaşım benimsenebileceğini tartışacağız. İşe neden lâdinî kavramını seçtiğimizi ve bu kavramı ne anlamda kullandığımızı söyleyerek başlayacak; literatürdeki lâdinîlik tartışmasını “negatif” ve “pozitif” olarak iki başlık altında ele aldıktan sonra meseleye “ilişkisel” açıdan yaklaşmanın en uygun yol olduğunu iddia edeceğiz.
Destekleyen Kurum
TÜBİTAK
Proje Numarası
121K876 kodlu: “Türkiye’de La-dini İnançlar ve Pratikler: Değişen Toplumsal Yapıda Din Dışı Arayışlar” adlı 1001 Projesi (2021-2024).
Teşekkür
TÜBİTAK'a projeyi finanse ettiği için çok teşekkür ederiz
Kaynakça
- Abunuwara, K., Cragun, R. T., & Sumerau, J. E. (2018). Complicating Marginalisation:The Case of Mormon and Nonreligious College Students in a Predominantly Mormon Context. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 39(3).
- Alexander, N. G. (2021). Rethinking histories of atheism, unbelief, and nonreligion: An interdisciplinary perspective. Global Intellectual History, 6(1), s.95–104.
- Altemeyer, B. (2010). Atheism and Secularity in North America. In P. Zuckerman (Ed.), Atheism and Secularity – Volume 2: Global Expressions (s. 1–21). Praeger.
- Azak, Umut “Secularism and Atheism in the Turkish Public Sphere”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, 21 Mart 2018.
- http://turkishpolicy.com/article/902/secularism-and-atheism-in-the-turkish-public-sphere Erişim Tarihi 20.07.2020.
- Bagg, S., & Voas, D. (2010). The Triumph of Indifference: Irreligion in British Society. In P. Zuckerman (Ed.), Atheism and Secularity: Volume 2—Global Expressions (Vol. 2, s.91–112). Praeger.
- Baker, J. O., & Smith, B. G. (2009). The Nones: Social Characteristics of the Religiously Unaffiliated. Social Forces, 87(3), s.1251–1263.
- Baker, J. O., & Smith, B. G. (2015). American Secularism: Cultural Contours of Nonreligious Belief Systems. Baker, J., Stroope, S., & Walker, M. (2018). Secularity, religiosity, and health: Physical and mental health differences between atheists, agnostics, and nonaffiliated theists compared to religiously affiliated individuals. Social Science Research, 75, s.44–57.
- Beaman, L. G. (2017). Living Well Together in a (Non)Religious Future: Contributions from the Sociology of Religion. Sociology of Religion, 78(1), s.9–32.
- Beaman ve Beyer (2017) Reframing Assisted Dying: Nonreligion and the Law, Blog yazısı https://thensrn.org/2017/09/14/reframing-assisted-dying-nonreligion-and-the-law/#_edn2, erişim, 11 Kasım 2022.
- Beaman, L. G., & Stacey, T. (Eds.). (2021). Nonreligious Imaginaries of World Repairing. Springer International Publishing.
- Bengtson, V. L., Hayward, R. D., Zuckerman, P., & Silverstein, M. (2018). Bringing up nones: Intergenerational influences and cohort trends. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(2), s.258-275.
- Berger, P. 1999. The Desecularization of the World, Resurgent Religion and World.
- Berger, P. L. (2017). Dinin Sosyal Gerçekliği. İnsan Yayınları
- Billig, M. (1995). Banal Nationalism (1st edition). SAGE Publications.
- Beyer, P. (2021). Theoretical and Methodological Background to Understandings of (Non)religion. In L.G.
- Burchardt, M. (2017). Is Religious Indifference Bad for Secularism? Lessons from Canada. In J. Quack & C. Schuh (Eds.), Religious Indifference: New Perspectives from Studies on Secularization and Nonreligion (pp. 83–99). Springer.Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. University of Chicago Press.
- Bullivant, S. (2011). Teaching Atheism and Nonreligion: Challenges and Opportunities. Discourse, 10(2), s.93–110.
- Bullivant, S. (2020). Explaining the rise of ‘nonreligion studies’: Subfield formation and institutionalization within the sociology of religion. Social Compass, 67(1), s.86–102.
- Bullivant, S., & Lee, L. (2012). Interdisciplinary Studies of Non-Religion and Secularity: The State of the Union. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 27(1).
- Campbell, C. (1971). Toward a sociology of irreligion. Macmillan.
- Cengiz, K., Küçükural, Ö., & Gür, H. (2021). Türkiye’de Spiritüel Arayışlar Deizm, Yoga, Budizm, Meditasyon, Reiki vb. İletişim Yayınları.
- Cimino, R., & Smith, C. (2015). Secularist Rituals in the US: Solidarity and Legitimization. In L. G. Beaman & S. Tomlins (Eds.), Atheist Identities – Spaces and Social Contexts (s. 87–100). Springer International Publishing.
- Coleman, P., Koleva, D., & Bornat, J. (2013). Ageing, Ritual and Social Change (New edition). Ashgate.
- Coleman, T. J., III, Hood, R. W., Jr., & Streib, H. (2018a). An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(3), s.203–206.
- Coleman, T. J., III, Hood, R. W., Jr., & Streib, H. (2018b). An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(3).
- Cotter, C. R. (2017). A Discursive Approach to ‘Religious Indifference’: Critical Reflections from Edinburgh’s Southside. In J. Quack & C. Schuh (Eds.), Religious Indifference: New Perspectives From Studies on Secularization and Nonreligion (s. 43–63). Springer International Publishing.
- Cotter, C. R. (2020). The Critical Study of Non-Religion: Discourse, Identification and Locality. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Cotter, C. R., Aechtner, R., & Quack, J. (2012). Non-Religiosity, Identity, and Ritual Panel Session. Hungarian Culture Foundation.
- Cragun, R. T. (2016). Sociology of Nonreligion and Atheism. In D. Yamane (Ed.), Handbook of Religion and Society (s. 301–320). Springer
- Çarkoğlu, A. (2020, 3 Ekim. Genç nesiller dinden uzaklaşıyorlar mı? Yetkin Report | Siyaset, Ekonomi Haber-Analiz, Yorum. https://yetkinreport.com/2020/10/03/genc-nesiller-dinden-uzaklasiyorlar-mi/. Erişim tarihi: 11 Temmuz 2022
- Fadil, N. (2011). Not-/unveiling as an ethical practice. Feminist review, 98(1), s.83-109.
- Eller, J. D. (2010). Atheism and Secularity in the Arab World. In P. Zuckerman (Ed.), Atheism and Secularity – Volume 2: Global Expressions (s. 113–137). Praeger.
- Eller, J. D. (2022). A Quiet Tsunami: Nonreligion and Atheism in the Muslim World. Secular Studies, 4(2), s.117-139.
- Gökalp, Z. (2014). Türkleşmek İslamlaşmak Muasırlaşmak, Ötüken Neşriyat.
- Halafoff, A., Shipley, H., Young, P., Singleton, A., Rasmussen, mary lou, & Bouma, G. (2020). Complex, Critical and Caring: Young People’s Diverse Religious, Spiritual and Non-Religious Worldviews in Australia and Canada. Religions, 11
- Hemming, P. J. (2017). Childhood, youth and non-religion: Towards a social research agenda. Social Compass, 64(1), s.113–129.
- Keitner, C. I. (2012). The Paradoxes of Nationalism: The French Revolution and Its Meaning for Contemporary Nation Building. State University of New York Press.
- Keysar, A. (2014). Shifts Along the American Religious-Secular Spectrum. Secularism and Nonreligion, 3(1).
- Küçükural, Ö, Shkreli E. (2021) “Pandeminin Örgün Eğitim Sisteminde Yarattığı Kırılganalıklar” Salgın Halleri Covid-19 ve Toplumsal Eşisizlikler, Bahar Aykan, Onur Bilginer (Editörler), Nika Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Lee, L. (2012a). Being Secular: Toward Separate Sociologies of Secularity, Nonreligion and Epistemological Culture [Unpublished PhD Thesis,]. University of Cambridge.
- Lee, L. (2012b). Locating Nonreligion, in Mind, Body and Space: New Research Methods for a New Field. Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion, 3, s.135–158.
- Lee, L. (2015). Recognizing the Non-religious: Reimagining the Secular. Oxford University Press.
- Lee, L., & Bullivant, S. (2016). A Dictionary of Atheism. OUP Oxford.
- Luckman, T. I967. The invisible religion. New York: Mac-milla
- Lövheim, M., & Stenmark, M. (Eds.). (2020). A Constructive Critique of Religion: Encounters between Christianity, Islam, and Non-religion in Secular Societies. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Manning, C. J. (2015). Losing Our Religion: How Unaffiliated Parents Are Raising Their Children. NYU Press.
- Nişancı, Z. (2023). Sayılarla Türkiye’de İnanç ve Dindarlık. Mahya Yayıncılık.
- Nursi, B. S. (2010). Tarihçe-i Hayatı: Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Sözler Neşriyat , İstanbul
- Nursi, B. S. (2012). Mektubat. Sözler Neşriyat, İstanbul
- Perez, S., & Vallières, F. (2019). How Do Religious People Become Atheists? Applying a Grounded Theory Approach to Propose a Model of Deconversion. Secularism and Nonreligion, 8(1)
- Quack, J. (2017). Bio-and Ethnographic Approaches to Indifference, Detachment, and Disengagement in the Study of Religion. In Religious Indifference, (eds)Quack, J., & Schuh, C. (s.193-217). Springer.
- Quack, J. 2014. Outline of a Relational Approach to ‘Nonreligion’. Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 26(4–5), s.439–469.
- Quack, J., & Schuh, C. (2017). Conceptualising religious indifferences in relation to religion and nonreligion. In Religious Indifference (s. 1-23). Springer.
- Şahin Kaya, G. (2021). Helal Gıda Sertifikası Türkiye iç pazarında uygulanmalı mıdır?: Helal Gıda Sertifikası’na politik söylem analizi yöntemi ile bir bakış. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İbn Haldun Üniversitesi Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Schielke, Samuli. 2013. “The Islamic World,” in The Oxford Handbook of Atheism, ed. Stephen Bullivant and Michael Ruse (Oxford: Oxford University Press), s.638–650.
- Schielke, Samuli. 2012. “Being a Nonbeliever in a Time of Islamic Revival: Trajectories of Doubt and Certainty in Contemporary Egypt.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 44 (2), s.301–320.
- Scheer, M., Fadil, N., & Johansen, B. S. (Eds.). (2019). Secular bodies, affects and emotions: European configurations. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Sherkat, D. E. (2008). Beyond belief: Atheism, agnosticism, and theistic certainty in the United States. Sociological Spectrum, 28(5), s.438–459.
- Sherkat, D. E., & Ellison, C. G. (2007). Structuring the Religion-Environment Connection: Identifying Religious Influences on Environmental Concern and Activism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 46(1), s.71–85.
- Smith, J. M., & Cragun, R. T. (2019). Mapping Religion’s Other: A Review of the Study of Nonreligion and Secularity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 58(2), s.319–335.
- Stacey, T., & Beaman, L. G. (2021). Introduction. In L. G. Beaman & T. Stacey (Eds.), Nonreligious Imaginaries of World Repairing (s. 1–15). Springer International Publishing.
- Taves, A. (2018). What is Nonreligion? On the Virtues of a Meaning Systems Framework for Studying Nonreligious and Religious Worldviews in the Context of Everyday Life. Secularism and Nonreligion, 7(1)
- Taves, A., Asprem, E., & Ihm, E. (2018). Psychology, meaning making, and the study of worldviews: Beyond religion and non-religion. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(3), s.207–217.
- Voas, D. (2009). The Rise and Fall of Fuzzy Fidelity in Europe. European Sociological Review, 25(2), s.155–168.
- Watts, G. (2021). None of the Above: Nonreligious Identity in the US and Canada. Religion, 51(1), s.140–144.
- Woodhead, L. (2016). Why ‘no religion is the new religion. Presentation to British Academy, January, 16.
- Zimmer, O. (2017). Nationalism in Europe, 1890-1940. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Zuckerman, P. (2010). Society without God: What the Least Religious Nations Can Tell Us about Contentment. New York University Press.
Studying the Nonreligious Quests in Turkey: A Conceptual Framework for the Tendencies of Disengagement and Departure from Religion
Öz
Recent sociology of religion studies focusing on the issue of disengagement from religion argue that in Western societies (i.e. UK, Germany and Canada) secularism is an ordinary phenomenon that everyone accepts without thinking and/or they are born into. This ordinary phenomenon has even created a subculture of its own. However, the move away from religion has its own taste and behavior patterns and rituals similar to religion. In the last two decades, there has been a scholarly interest to explore the newly emerged concept of nonreligion (Alexander, 2021; Cotter et al., 2012; Quack, 2014).
In this article, first, we attempt to examine the conceptual framework of nonreligious beliefs, practices and experiences which is studied in the Western literature under the concept of nonreligion, and which we propose to call “lâdînîlik” in Turkish. Then we discuss what kind of approach can be adopted to understand the developments in Turkey with this concept. We begin with explaining why we have chosen the term 'lâdinî' and what we mean by this term. Then, after reviewing the discussions on “lâdînîlik” in the literature under two headings "negative" and "positive", we argue that approaching the issue from a "relational" perspective is the most appropriate way to understand this complex issue.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
121K876 kodlu: “Türkiye’de La-dini İnançlar ve Pratikler: Değişen Toplumsal Yapıda Din Dışı Arayışlar” adlı 1001 Projesi (2021-2024).
Kaynakça
- Abunuwara, K., Cragun, R. T., & Sumerau, J. E. (2018). Complicating Marginalisation:The Case of Mormon and Nonreligious College Students in a Predominantly Mormon Context. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 39(3).
- Alexander, N. G. (2021). Rethinking histories of atheism, unbelief, and nonreligion: An interdisciplinary perspective. Global Intellectual History, 6(1), s.95–104.
- Altemeyer, B. (2010). Atheism and Secularity in North America. In P. Zuckerman (Ed.), Atheism and Secularity – Volume 2: Global Expressions (s. 1–21). Praeger.
- Azak, Umut “Secularism and Atheism in the Turkish Public Sphere”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, 21 Mart 2018.
- http://turkishpolicy.com/article/902/secularism-and-atheism-in-the-turkish-public-sphere Erişim Tarihi 20.07.2020.
- Bagg, S., & Voas, D. (2010). The Triumph of Indifference: Irreligion in British Society. In P. Zuckerman (Ed.), Atheism and Secularity: Volume 2—Global Expressions (Vol. 2, s.91–112). Praeger.
- Baker, J. O., & Smith, B. G. (2009). The Nones: Social Characteristics of the Religiously Unaffiliated. Social Forces, 87(3), s.1251–1263.
- Baker, J. O., & Smith, B. G. (2015). American Secularism: Cultural Contours of Nonreligious Belief Systems. Baker, J., Stroope, S., & Walker, M. (2018). Secularity, religiosity, and health: Physical and mental health differences between atheists, agnostics, and nonaffiliated theists compared to religiously affiliated individuals. Social Science Research, 75, s.44–57.
- Beaman, L. G. (2017). Living Well Together in a (Non)Religious Future: Contributions from the Sociology of Religion. Sociology of Religion, 78(1), s.9–32.
- Beaman ve Beyer (2017) Reframing Assisted Dying: Nonreligion and the Law, Blog yazısı https://thensrn.org/2017/09/14/reframing-assisted-dying-nonreligion-and-the-law/#_edn2, erişim, 11 Kasım 2022.
- Beaman, L. G., & Stacey, T. (Eds.). (2021). Nonreligious Imaginaries of World Repairing. Springer International Publishing.
- Bengtson, V. L., Hayward, R. D., Zuckerman, P., & Silverstein, M. (2018). Bringing up nones: Intergenerational influences and cohort trends. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(2), s.258-275.
- Berger, P. 1999. The Desecularization of the World, Resurgent Religion and World.
- Berger, P. L. (2017). Dinin Sosyal Gerçekliği. İnsan Yayınları
- Billig, M. (1995). Banal Nationalism (1st edition). SAGE Publications.
- Beyer, P. (2021). Theoretical and Methodological Background to Understandings of (Non)religion. In L.G.
- Burchardt, M. (2017). Is Religious Indifference Bad for Secularism? Lessons from Canada. In J. Quack & C. Schuh (Eds.), Religious Indifference: New Perspectives from Studies on Secularization and Nonreligion (pp. 83–99). Springer.Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. University of Chicago Press.
- Bullivant, S. (2011). Teaching Atheism and Nonreligion: Challenges and Opportunities. Discourse, 10(2), s.93–110.
- Bullivant, S. (2020). Explaining the rise of ‘nonreligion studies’: Subfield formation and institutionalization within the sociology of religion. Social Compass, 67(1), s.86–102.
- Bullivant, S., & Lee, L. (2012). Interdisciplinary Studies of Non-Religion and Secularity: The State of the Union. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 27(1).
- Campbell, C. (1971). Toward a sociology of irreligion. Macmillan.
- Cengiz, K., Küçükural, Ö., & Gür, H. (2021). Türkiye’de Spiritüel Arayışlar Deizm, Yoga, Budizm, Meditasyon, Reiki vb. İletişim Yayınları.
- Cimino, R., & Smith, C. (2015). Secularist Rituals in the US: Solidarity and Legitimization. In L. G. Beaman & S. Tomlins (Eds.), Atheist Identities – Spaces and Social Contexts (s. 87–100). Springer International Publishing.
- Coleman, P., Koleva, D., & Bornat, J. (2013). Ageing, Ritual and Social Change (New edition). Ashgate.
- Coleman, T. J., III, Hood, R. W., Jr., & Streib, H. (2018a). An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(3), s.203–206.
- Coleman, T. J., III, Hood, R. W., Jr., & Streib, H. (2018b). An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(3).
- Cotter, C. R. (2017). A Discursive Approach to ‘Religious Indifference’: Critical Reflections from Edinburgh’s Southside. In J. Quack & C. Schuh (Eds.), Religious Indifference: New Perspectives From Studies on Secularization and Nonreligion (s. 43–63). Springer International Publishing.
- Cotter, C. R. (2020). The Critical Study of Non-Religion: Discourse, Identification and Locality. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Cotter, C. R., Aechtner, R., & Quack, J. (2012). Non-Religiosity, Identity, and Ritual Panel Session. Hungarian Culture Foundation.
- Cragun, R. T. (2016). Sociology of Nonreligion and Atheism. In D. Yamane (Ed.), Handbook of Religion and Society (s. 301–320). Springer
- Çarkoğlu, A. (2020, 3 Ekim. Genç nesiller dinden uzaklaşıyorlar mı? Yetkin Report | Siyaset, Ekonomi Haber-Analiz, Yorum. https://yetkinreport.com/2020/10/03/genc-nesiller-dinden-uzaklasiyorlar-mi/. Erişim tarihi: 11 Temmuz 2022
- Fadil, N. (2011). Not-/unveiling as an ethical practice. Feminist review, 98(1), s.83-109.
- Eller, J. D. (2010). Atheism and Secularity in the Arab World. In P. Zuckerman (Ed.), Atheism and Secularity – Volume 2: Global Expressions (s. 113–137). Praeger.
- Eller, J. D. (2022). A Quiet Tsunami: Nonreligion and Atheism in the Muslim World. Secular Studies, 4(2), s.117-139.
- Gökalp, Z. (2014). Türkleşmek İslamlaşmak Muasırlaşmak, Ötüken Neşriyat.
- Halafoff, A., Shipley, H., Young, P., Singleton, A., Rasmussen, mary lou, & Bouma, G. (2020). Complex, Critical and Caring: Young People’s Diverse Religious, Spiritual and Non-Religious Worldviews in Australia and Canada. Religions, 11
- Hemming, P. J. (2017). Childhood, youth and non-religion: Towards a social research agenda. Social Compass, 64(1), s.113–129.
- Keitner, C. I. (2012). The Paradoxes of Nationalism: The French Revolution and Its Meaning for Contemporary Nation Building. State University of New York Press.
- Keysar, A. (2014). Shifts Along the American Religious-Secular Spectrum. Secularism and Nonreligion, 3(1).
- Küçükural, Ö, Shkreli E. (2021) “Pandeminin Örgün Eğitim Sisteminde Yarattığı Kırılganalıklar” Salgın Halleri Covid-19 ve Toplumsal Eşisizlikler, Bahar Aykan, Onur Bilginer (Editörler), Nika Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Lee, L. (2012a). Being Secular: Toward Separate Sociologies of Secularity, Nonreligion and Epistemological Culture [Unpublished PhD Thesis,]. University of Cambridge.
- Lee, L. (2012b). Locating Nonreligion, in Mind, Body and Space: New Research Methods for a New Field. Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion, 3, s.135–158.
- Lee, L. (2015). Recognizing the Non-religious: Reimagining the Secular. Oxford University Press.
- Lee, L., & Bullivant, S. (2016). A Dictionary of Atheism. OUP Oxford.
- Luckman, T. I967. The invisible religion. New York: Mac-milla
- Lövheim, M., & Stenmark, M. (Eds.). (2020). A Constructive Critique of Religion: Encounters between Christianity, Islam, and Non-religion in Secular Societies. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Manning, C. J. (2015). Losing Our Religion: How Unaffiliated Parents Are Raising Their Children. NYU Press.
- Nişancı, Z. (2023). Sayılarla Türkiye’de İnanç ve Dindarlık. Mahya Yayıncılık.
- Nursi, B. S. (2010). Tarihçe-i Hayatı: Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Sözler Neşriyat , İstanbul
- Nursi, B. S. (2012). Mektubat. Sözler Neşriyat, İstanbul
- Perez, S., & Vallières, F. (2019). How Do Religious People Become Atheists? Applying a Grounded Theory Approach to Propose a Model of Deconversion. Secularism and Nonreligion, 8(1)
- Quack, J. (2017). Bio-and Ethnographic Approaches to Indifference, Detachment, and Disengagement in the Study of Religion. In Religious Indifference, (eds)Quack, J., & Schuh, C. (s.193-217). Springer.
- Quack, J. 2014. Outline of a Relational Approach to ‘Nonreligion’. Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 26(4–5), s.439–469.
- Quack, J., & Schuh, C. (2017). Conceptualising religious indifferences in relation to religion and nonreligion. In Religious Indifference (s. 1-23). Springer.
- Şahin Kaya, G. (2021). Helal Gıda Sertifikası Türkiye iç pazarında uygulanmalı mıdır?: Helal Gıda Sertifikası’na politik söylem analizi yöntemi ile bir bakış. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İbn Haldun Üniversitesi Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Schielke, Samuli. 2013. “The Islamic World,” in The Oxford Handbook of Atheism, ed. Stephen Bullivant and Michael Ruse (Oxford: Oxford University Press), s.638–650.
- Schielke, Samuli. 2012. “Being a Nonbeliever in a Time of Islamic Revival: Trajectories of Doubt and Certainty in Contemporary Egypt.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 44 (2), s.301–320.
- Scheer, M., Fadil, N., & Johansen, B. S. (Eds.). (2019). Secular bodies, affects and emotions: European configurations. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Sherkat, D. E. (2008). Beyond belief: Atheism, agnosticism, and theistic certainty in the United States. Sociological Spectrum, 28(5), s.438–459.
- Sherkat, D. E., & Ellison, C. G. (2007). Structuring the Religion-Environment Connection: Identifying Religious Influences on Environmental Concern and Activism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 46(1), s.71–85.
- Smith, J. M., & Cragun, R. T. (2019). Mapping Religion’s Other: A Review of the Study of Nonreligion and Secularity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 58(2), s.319–335.
- Stacey, T., & Beaman, L. G. (2021). Introduction. In L. G. Beaman & T. Stacey (Eds.), Nonreligious Imaginaries of World Repairing (s. 1–15). Springer International Publishing.
- Taves, A. (2018). What is Nonreligion? On the Virtues of a Meaning Systems Framework for Studying Nonreligious and Religious Worldviews in the Context of Everyday Life. Secularism and Nonreligion, 7(1)
- Taves, A., Asprem, E., & Ihm, E. (2018). Psychology, meaning making, and the study of worldviews: Beyond religion and non-religion. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 10(3), s.207–217.
- Voas, D. (2009). The Rise and Fall of Fuzzy Fidelity in Europe. European Sociological Review, 25(2), s.155–168.
- Watts, G. (2021). None of the Above: Nonreligious Identity in the US and Canada. Religion, 51(1), s.140–144.
- Woodhead, L. (2016). Why ‘no religion is the new religion. Presentation to British Academy, January, 16.
- Zimmer, O. (2017). Nationalism in Europe, 1890-1940. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Zuckerman, P. (2010). Society without God: What the Least Religious Nations Can Tell Us about Contentment. New York University Press.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 121K876 kodlu: “Türkiye’de La-dini İnançlar ve Pratikler: Değişen Toplumsal Yapıda Din Dışı Arayışlar” adlı 1001 Projesi (2021-2024). |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 30 Mart 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Mart 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1 |
