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A review of performance improvement approaches on crash boxes

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 830 - 856, 08.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1025311

Öz

In the event of an accident, due to the velocity and mass of the vehicles, a high amount of energy is released and this energy must be properly absorbed. The energy that cannot be properly absorbed causes the formation of forces that will damage the interior parts, the driver and the passengers, causing life-threatening problems. In order to absorb some of this energy, specially designed parts called crash boxes are needed to meet the criteria suggested by states, institutions and insurance companies. Along with the concepts such as sustainability, environment and fuel-saving, lightness in vehicles and increasing competition have led to important studies on crash boxes, which is a passive safety component. For these reasons, appropriate choices should be made considering the kinetic energy absorption performance, manufacturability, cost and weight of the crash boxes. This study includes a comprehensive literature review that addresses the key factors that increase the performance of crash boxes. In the study, the energy absorption ability of crash boxes is discussed under three main titles, namely, geometry, material and filler material. In this context, the studies in the literature were reviewed and the important points on energy absorption using crash boxes were compiled.

Kaynakça

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Otomobil çarpışma kutularında performans artırıcı yaklaşımların incelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 830 - 856, 08.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1025311

Öz

Kaza anında araçların hızları ve kütleleri sebebiyle yüksek miktarda enerji açığa çıkmakta ve bu enerjinin uygun şekilde sönümlenmesi gerekmektedir. Düzgün sönümlenemeyen enerji iç parçalara, sürücüye ve yolculara zarar verecek kuvvetlerin oluşmasına sebep olarak hayati sorunlara yol açar. Araçlarda bu sönümlemeyi yapabilmek için devletlerin, kurumların ve sigorta şirketlerinin öne sürdüğü kriterleri karşılayabilecek özel tasarlanmış çarpışma kutusu adındaki parçalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Sürdürülebilirlik, çevre, yakıt tasarrufu gibi kavramlarla beraber araçlarda hafifliğin ön plana çıkması ve artan rekabet, kaza dışında âtıl duran çarpışma kutuları üzerinde önemli çalışmalara yol açmıştır. Bu nedenlerle, çarpışma kutularının kinetik enerjiyi emme performansı, üretilebilirliği, maliyeti, hafifliği göz önünde bulundurularak uygun seçimler yapılmalıdır. Bu çalışma, çarpışma kutusunun performansını artırıcı temel faktörleri ele alan kapsamlı bir literatür araştırmasını içermektedir. Çalışmada, çarpışma kutularının enerji sönümleme yeteneği; geometri, malzeme ve dolgu gibi üç temel başlık altında ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda, literatürdeki çalışmalar incelenerek çarpışma kutuları ile gerçekleştirilen enerji emilimi konusundaki önemli noktalar derlenmiştir.

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  • Gulcimen Cakan, B., Ensarioglu, C., and Cakir, M. C., Farklı oranlarda alüminyum köpük takviyeli çarpışma-kutularının mekanik performanslarının karşılaştırılması, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 1, 295–305, (2019).
  • Chen, L., Zhang, J., Du, B., Zhou, H., Liu, H., Guo, Y., … Fang, D., Dynamic crushing behavior and energy absorption of graded lattice cylindrical structure under axial impact load, Thin-Walled Structures, 127, 333–343, (2018).
  • Ebrahimi, S., and Vahdatazad, N., Multiobjective optimization and sensitivity analysis of honeycomb sandwich cylindrical columns under axial crushing loads, Thin-Walled Structures, 88, 90–104, (2015).
  • Baykasoğlu, A., Baykasoğlu, C., and Cetin, E., Multi-objective crashworthiness optimization of lattice structure filled thin-walled tubes, Thin-Walled Structures, 149, (2020).
  • Liu, H., Chng, Z. X. C., Wang, G., and Ng, B. F., Crashworthiness improvements of multi-cell thin-walled tubes through lattice structure enhancements, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 210, 106731, (2021).
  • Wang, H., Su, M., and Hao, H., The quasi-static axial compressive properties and energy absorption behavior of ex-situ ordered aluminum cellular structure filled tubes, Composite Structures, 239, 2, 112039, (2020).
  • Wei, L., Zhao, X., Yu, Q., and Zhu, G., A novel star auxetic honeycomb with enhanced in-plane crushing strength, Thin-Walled Structures, 149, December, 106623, (2020).
  • Gao, Q., Ge, C., Zhuang, W., Wang, L., and Ma, Z., Crashworthiness analysis of double-arrowed auxetic structure under axial impact loading, Materials and Design, 161, 22–34, (2019).
  • Mohsenizadeh, S., Alipour, R., Shokri Rad, M., Farokhi Nejad, A., and Ahmad, Z., Crashworthiness assessment of auxetic foam-filled tube under quasi-static axial loading, Materials and Design, 88, 258–268, (2015).
  • Simpson, J., and Kazancı, Z., Crushing investigation of crash boxes filled with honeycomb and re-entrant (auxetic) lattices, Thin-Walled Structures, 150, July, 106676, (2020).
  • Zhao, X., Gao, Q., Wang, L., Yu, Q., and Ma, Z. D., Dynamic crushing of double-arrowed auxetic structure under impact loading, Materials and Design, 160, 527–537, (2018).
  • Wang, H., Lu, Z., Yang, Z., and Li, X., In-plane dynamic crushing behaviors of a novel auxetic honeycomb with two plateau stress regions, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 151, December, 746–759, (2019).
  • Gao, Q., Zhao, X., Wang, C., Wang, L., and Ma, Z., Multi-objective crashworthiness optimization for an auxetic cylindrical structure under axial impact loading, Materials and Design, 143, 120–130, (2018).
  • Smith, D. J., Graciano, C. A., Teixeira, P., Martínez, G., and Pertuz, A., Energy absorption characteristics of coiled expanded metal tubes under axial compression, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 13, 16, 2845–2860, (2016).
  • Wu, F., Xiao, X., Dong, Y., Yang, J., and Yu, Y., Quasi-static axial crush response and energy absorption of layered composite structure formed from novel crochet-sintered mesh tube and thin-walled tube, Composite Structures, 192, 592–604, (2018).
  • Wu, F., Xiao, X., Yang, J., and Gao, X., Quasi-static axial crushing behaviour and energy absorption of novel metal rope crochet-sintered mesh tubes, Thin-Walled Structures, 127, July 2017, 120–134, (2018).
  • Wu, F., Liu, T., Xiao, X., Zhang, Z., and Hou, J., Static and dynamic crushing of novel porous crochet-sintered metal and its filled composite tube, Composite Structures, 209, May, 830–843, (2019).
  • Kang, K. J., Wire-woven cellular metals: The present and future, Progress in Materials Science, 69, 213–307, (2015).
  • Yang, X., Ma, J., Wen, D., and Yang, J., Crashworthy design and energy absorption mechanisms for helicopter structures: A systematic literature review, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 114, 100618, (2020).
  • Zarei Mahmoudabadi, M., and Sadighi, M., A theoretical and experimental study on metal hexagonal honeycomb crushing under quasi-static and low velocity impact loading, Materials Science and Engineering A, 528, 15, 4958–4966, (2011).
  • Nian, Y., Wan, S., Li, M., and Su, Q., Crashworthiness design of self-similar graded honeycomb-filled composite circular structures, Construction and Building Materials, 233, (2020).
  • Zarei, H., and Kröger, M., Optimum honeycomb filled crash absorber design, Materials and Design, 29, 1, 193–204, (2008).
  • Zhang, Y., Lu, M., Wang, C. H., Sun, G., and Li, G., Out-of-plane crashworthiness of bio-inspired self-similar regular hierarchical honeycombs, Composite Structures, 144, 1–13, (2016).
  • He, Q., and Ma, D. W., Parametric study and multi-objective crashworthiness optimisation of reinforced hexagonal honeycomb under dynamic loadings, International Journal of Crashworthiness, 20, 5, 495–509, (2015).
  • Yang, X., Ma, J., Sun, Y., and Yang, J., Ripplecomb: A novel triangular tube reinforced corrugated honeycomb for energy absorption, Composite Structures, 202, May, 988–999, (2018).
  • Santosa, S., and Wierzbicki, T., Crash behavior of box columns filled with aluminum honeycomb or foam, Computers & Structures, 68, 4, 343–367, (1998).
  • Santosa, S., and Wierzbicki, T., The concept of double-walled sandwich columns for energy absorption, International Journal of Crashworthiness, 4, 2, 175–198, (1999).
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  • Yang, S., and Qi, C., Multiobjective optimization for empty and foam-filled square columns under oblique impact loading, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 54, 177–191, (2013).
  • Liu, Q., Mo, Z., Wu, Y., Ma, J., Pong Tsui, G. C., and Hui, D., Crush response of CFRP square tube filled with aluminum honeycomb, Composites Part B: Engineering, 98, 406–414, (2016).
  • Wang, Z., Lu, Z., Yao, S., Zhang, Y., Hui, D., and Feo, L., Deformation mode evolutional mechanism of honeycomb structure when undergoing a shallow inclined load, Composite Structures, 147, 211–219, (2016).
  • Altin, M., Acar, E., and Güler, M. A., Foam filling options for crashworthiness optimization of thin-walled multi-tubular circular columns, Thin-Walled Structures, 131, March, 309–323, (2018).
  • Danışmanlık, R. P., Kompozit Sürekli Elyaf Takviyeli Termoplastik Malzemeler Eğitimi, In BTSO, (2017).
  • Siromani, D., Henderson, G., Mikita, D., Mirarchi, K., Park, R., Smolko, J., … Tan, T. M., An experimental study on the effect of failure trigger mechanisms on the energy absorption capability of CFRP tubes under axial compression, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 64, 25–35, (2014).
  • Ma, Q., Zha, Y., Dong, B., and Gan, X., Structure design and multiobjective optimization of CFRP/aluminum hybrid crash box, Polymer Composites, 41, 10, 4202–4220, (2020).
  • Huang, Z., and Zhang, X., Crashworthiness and optimization design of quadruple-cell Aluminum/CFRP hybrid tubes under transverse bending, Composite Structures, 235, October, 111753, (2020).
  • Liu, Q., Liufu, K., Cui, Z., Li, J., Fang, J., and Li, Q., Multiobjective optimization of perforated square CFRP tubes for crashworthiness, Thin-Walled Structures, 149, February, 106628, (2020).
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  • Aliyeva, N., Sas, H. S., and Saner Okan, B., Recent developments on the overmolding process for the fabrication of thermoset and thermoplastic composites by the integration of nano/micron-scale reinforcements, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 149, June, 106525, (2021).
  • Obande, W., Ó Brádaigh, C. M., and Ray, D., Continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic acrylic-matrix composites prepared by liquid resin infusion – A review, Composites Part B: Engineering, 215, February, (2021).
  • Ramaswamy, K., O’Higgins, R. M., Lyons, J., McCarthy, M. A., and McCarthy, C. T., An evaluation of the influence of manufacturing methods on interlocked aluminium-thermoplastic composite joint performance, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 143, January, 106281, (2021).
  • Striewe, J., Reuter, C., Sauerland, K. H., and Tröster, T., Manufacturing and crashworthiness of fabric-reinforced thermoplastic composites, Thin-Walled Structures, 123, December, 501–508, (2018).
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Toplam 147 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatih Ateş Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8624-713X

Altuğ Bakırcı 0000-0003-0438-6337

Ahmet Can Günaydın Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8489-4088

Cihat Ensarioglu 0000-0003-2843-9536

M. Cemal Çakır Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0816-4029

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ateş, F., Bakırcı, A., Günaydın, A. C., Ensarioglu, C., vd. (2022). Otomobil çarpışma kutularında performans artırıcı yaklaşımların incelenmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 830-856. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1025311
AMA Ateş F, Bakırcı A, Günaydın AC, Ensarioglu C, Çakır MC. Otomobil çarpışma kutularında performans artırıcı yaklaşımların incelenmesi. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. Temmuz 2022;24(2):830-856. doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1025311
Chicago Ateş, Fatih, Altuğ Bakırcı, Ahmet Can Günaydın, Cihat Ensarioglu, ve M. Cemal Çakır. “Otomobil çarpışma kutularında Performans artırıcı yaklaşımların Incelenmesi”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2022): 830-56. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1025311.
EndNote Ateş F, Bakırcı A, Günaydın AC, Ensarioglu C, Çakır MC (01 Temmuz 2022) Otomobil çarpışma kutularında performans artırıcı yaklaşımların incelenmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24 2 830–856.
IEEE F. Ateş, A. Bakırcı, A. C. Günaydın, C. Ensarioglu, ve M. C. Çakır, “Otomobil çarpışma kutularında performans artırıcı yaklaşımların incelenmesi”, BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 2, ss. 830–856, 2022, doi: 10.25092/baunfbed.1025311.
ISNAD Ateş, Fatih vd. “Otomobil çarpışma kutularında Performans artırıcı yaklaşımların Incelenmesi”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 24/2 (Temmuz 2022), 830-856. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1025311.
JAMA Ateş F, Bakırcı A, Günaydın AC, Ensarioglu C, Çakır MC. Otomobil çarpışma kutularında performans artırıcı yaklaşımların incelenmesi. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. 2022;24:830–856.
MLA Ateş, Fatih vd. “Otomobil çarpışma kutularında Performans artırıcı yaklaşımların Incelenmesi”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 830-56, doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1025311.
Vancouver Ateş F, Bakırcı A, Günaydın AC, Ensarioglu C, Çakır MC. Otomobil çarpışma kutularında performans artırıcı yaklaşımların incelenmesi. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. 2022;24(2):830-56.