Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The ethnic-confessional mobilization politics as the stability and progression's stalemate in the Western Balkans

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 9, 51 - 68, 01.07.2021

Öz

The study aims to understand ethnoreligious identities arguing that it is a politically significant resource for mobilization and essential for the stability and progression stalemate in the Western Balkans. Moreover, ethnic mobilization induces and spreads a sense of homogeneity and equality and a sense of security and power in the collective "We.“ The gap from democracy is motivated by the fear of competitive nationalist movements, and radical rhetoric leads political parties to succeed. The greater the fear and insecurity in society, the more people are dependent on the government and less instructed in measuring its objective results. If there is a conflict, the strengthening of "our" ethnic-confessional identity simultaneously strengthens the belief in the diversity of "others." The mutual consolidation of identity has a backlash against the importance of the conflict. That is why conflicts enter again into traditional Balkans' collective myths by which identity is continually affirmed. The practice of constant mobilization, i.e., collectivist homogenization, takes the place of democratic legitimacy, providing political elites with a base of power outside democratic procedures. The risk of current policies is not just the involvement of citizens in the conflict but also the exclusion of the majority of citizens from the political arena and making decisions for the community. Public (social, national, state) interest must not be equated with officials; justice sets boundaries. Emphasizing ethnicity instead of dialogue and transformation of a "utopian discourse" produces antagonisms and thus stagnates economic, political, and cultural development; an obstacle for EU integration

Kaynakça

  • Hadžić, F., (2020), „The Politicization of Religion and the Sacralized Balkan Nations Regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 40 : Iss. 7 , 2000, Article 8., https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol40/iss7/8
  • Bhabha, H. (1990), Nation and Narration. London: Routledge
  • Malešević, S. (2009). Sociology of ethnicity. Beograd: Fabrika knjiga
  • Supek, O.(1998). Ethnos in ethnology and cultural anthropology, in Historical advances of Slovenian and Croatian ethnology. Ljubljana: Knjižnica Glasnika
  • Grbić, J. (1993). Ethnicity and Development: An Essay on Ethnic Identity and Social Development. Ethnological forum- Annual of the Croatian Ethnological Society. 23(16)
  • Žiga, J. & Đozić, A., (2013). Sociology. Tuzla: Univerzitet u Tuzli
  • Lošonc, A. (2003). The dynamics of social capital: The case of Serbia. Privredna izgradnja. 46(3-4)
  • Horowitz, D. (2003). Electoral Systems- A Primer for Decision Makers. Journal of Democracy.14 (4).155-127
  • Mann, M.(1993). The Sources of Social Power: Volume 2. The Rise of Classes and Nation States, 1760-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Holborn,M. & Haralambos, M. (2000). Sociologija: Teme i perspektive. Zagreb: Golden marketing
  • Nassmacher, K.(2003). Introduction: Political Parties, Funding and Democracy/Funding Parties and Election Campaigns: A Handbook. London: Paperback
  • Bergholz,M,(2016) Violence as a Generative Force: Identity, Nationalism, and Memory in a Balkan Community. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
  • Rose, J. (2018), DW. BiH kao igra velikih sila. https://www.dw.com/bs/bosna-i-hercegovina-kao-igra%C4%8Dka-velikih-sila/a-44067276
  • Abazović,D. (2007). On the Interbalance of the Performance of the International Community in BiH - from December 1995 to March 2007,Sociological Aspects, Example of BiH: Sustainable Concepts or Sideways of the International Community. Proceedings. Sarajevo: Heinrich Boll Foundation.
  • Talatovic, S.(1998). Etnički aspekti sigurnosti Jugoistoka Europe, Politicka misao. 35(2)
  • Hadžić, F.(2020). Bosnia between the Dayton's peace straightjacket, development, and power centers' moral obligation; solicitation to Biden. Small Wars Journal. https://smallwarsjournal.com/index.php/jrnl/art/bosnia-between-daytons-peace-straightjacket-development-and-power-centers-moral-obligation
  • Mihajlović, B.(2017). Slobodna Europa. Balkan, tenzije, perspektiva. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/balkan-tenzije-perspektiva-johanes-han/28308621.html,14.02.
  • Hadžić, F.(2020). The influence of social media on threats to identity, stability and national security; institutional inefficiency and vulnerability of B&H. Defendology. 45. 65-112. 10.7251/DEFEN4520067H
  • Gagnon, V.(2004). The Myth of Ethnic War - Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press
  • Perica, V., (2018). Pescanik. Patuljci pojma nemaju ili balkanizacija nije nacionalizam [Dwarves have no idea or Balkanization is not nationalism] https://pescanik.net/patuljci-pojma-nemaju-ili-balkanizacija-nije-nacionalizam/
  • Simović, V. (2011). Političke partije u Bosni i Hercegovini, Država, politika i društvo u BiH/ Dragan S. Marković.Sarajevo: IKD University Press, 2011., Str. 331
  • Brown, M. (1994). Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Prniceton:Princeton university press
  • Khun, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago press
  • Jukić, J. (1996). Political Religions and the Memory of Evil”[Političke religije i memorija zla]. UDC. 316. 2
  • Mujkić, A. (2016). Multikulturalizmom protiv pluralizma –slučaj Dejtonske Bosne i Hercegovine. Daytonski mirovni sporazum i budućnost Bosne i Hercegovine/ Mirko Pejanović i Zijad Šehić. Sarajevo: knjiga CLXVI.
  • Bibo, I. (2015). The Art of Peacemaking: Political Essays by István Bibó. New Haven: University Press Scholarship
  • Beridan, I., Smajic, M. & Turcalo S. (2010). (Geo)politički i sigurnosni izazovi demokratskoj konsolidaciji tranzicijskih država: slučaj Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo:Fakultet politickin nauka Case no. IT-04-74-T, ICTY, Second amended indictment: Prosecutor of the tribunal. In 2004, the ICTY issued an indictment for six former HRHB leaders – J. Prlić, B. Stojić, S. Praljak, M. Petković, V. Ćorić and B. Pušić. On 29 May 2013, the ICTY sentenced all six.
  • Bajto, N. (2017). Tacno.net. https://www.tacno.net/novosti/uporno-negiranje-presude-visokorangiranih-ucesnika-na-razini-je-udruzenogzlocinackog-pothvata/

The ethnic-confessional mobilization politics as the stability and progression's stalemate in the Western Balkans

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 9, 51 - 68, 01.07.2021

Öz

The study aims to understand ethnoreligious identities arguing that it is a politically significant resource for mobilization and essential for the stability and progression stalemate in the Western Balkans. Moreover, ethnic mobilization induces and spreads a sense of homogeneity and equality and a sense of security and power in the collective "We.“ The gap from democracy is motivated by the fear of competitive nationalist movements, and radical rhetoric leads political parties to succeed. The greater the fear and insecurity in society, the more people are dependent on the government and less instructed in measuring its objective results. If there is a conflict, the strengthening of "our" ethnic-confessional identity simultaneously strengthens the belief in the diversity of "others." The mutual consolidation of identity has a backlash against the importance of the conflict. That is why conflicts enter again into traditional Balkans' collective myths by which identity is continually affirmed. The practice of constant mobilization, i.e., collectivist homogenization, takes the place of democratic legitimacy, providing political elites with a base of power outside democratic procedures. The risk of current policies is not just the involvement of citizens in the conflict but also the exclusion of the majority of citizens from the political arena and making decisions for the community. Public (social, national, state) interest must not be equated with officials; justice sets boundaries. Emphasizing ethnicity instead of dialogue and transformation of a "utopian discourse" produces antagonisms and thus stagnates economic, political, and cultural development; an obstacle for EU integration

Kaynakça

  • Hadžić, F., (2020), „The Politicization of Religion and the Sacralized Balkan Nations Regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 40 : Iss. 7 , 2000, Article 8., https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol40/iss7/8
  • Bhabha, H. (1990), Nation and Narration. London: Routledge
  • Malešević, S. (2009). Sociology of ethnicity. Beograd: Fabrika knjiga
  • Supek, O.(1998). Ethnos in ethnology and cultural anthropology, in Historical advances of Slovenian and Croatian ethnology. Ljubljana: Knjižnica Glasnika
  • Grbić, J. (1993). Ethnicity and Development: An Essay on Ethnic Identity and Social Development. Ethnological forum- Annual of the Croatian Ethnological Society. 23(16)
  • Žiga, J. & Đozić, A., (2013). Sociology. Tuzla: Univerzitet u Tuzli
  • Lošonc, A. (2003). The dynamics of social capital: The case of Serbia. Privredna izgradnja. 46(3-4)
  • Horowitz, D. (2003). Electoral Systems- A Primer for Decision Makers. Journal of Democracy.14 (4).155-127
  • Mann, M.(1993). The Sources of Social Power: Volume 2. The Rise of Classes and Nation States, 1760-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Holborn,M. & Haralambos, M. (2000). Sociologija: Teme i perspektive. Zagreb: Golden marketing
  • Nassmacher, K.(2003). Introduction: Political Parties, Funding and Democracy/Funding Parties and Election Campaigns: A Handbook. London: Paperback
  • Bergholz,M,(2016) Violence as a Generative Force: Identity, Nationalism, and Memory in a Balkan Community. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
  • Rose, J. (2018), DW. BiH kao igra velikih sila. https://www.dw.com/bs/bosna-i-hercegovina-kao-igra%C4%8Dka-velikih-sila/a-44067276
  • Abazović,D. (2007). On the Interbalance of the Performance of the International Community in BiH - from December 1995 to March 2007,Sociological Aspects, Example of BiH: Sustainable Concepts or Sideways of the International Community. Proceedings. Sarajevo: Heinrich Boll Foundation.
  • Talatovic, S.(1998). Etnički aspekti sigurnosti Jugoistoka Europe, Politicka misao. 35(2)
  • Hadžić, F.(2020). Bosnia between the Dayton's peace straightjacket, development, and power centers' moral obligation; solicitation to Biden. Small Wars Journal. https://smallwarsjournal.com/index.php/jrnl/art/bosnia-between-daytons-peace-straightjacket-development-and-power-centers-moral-obligation
  • Mihajlović, B.(2017). Slobodna Europa. Balkan, tenzije, perspektiva. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/balkan-tenzije-perspektiva-johanes-han/28308621.html,14.02.
  • Hadžić, F.(2020). The influence of social media on threats to identity, stability and national security; institutional inefficiency and vulnerability of B&H. Defendology. 45. 65-112. 10.7251/DEFEN4520067H
  • Gagnon, V.(2004). The Myth of Ethnic War - Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press
  • Perica, V., (2018). Pescanik. Patuljci pojma nemaju ili balkanizacija nije nacionalizam [Dwarves have no idea or Balkanization is not nationalism] https://pescanik.net/patuljci-pojma-nemaju-ili-balkanizacija-nije-nacionalizam/
  • Simović, V. (2011). Političke partije u Bosni i Hercegovini, Država, politika i društvo u BiH/ Dragan S. Marković.Sarajevo: IKD University Press, 2011., Str. 331
  • Brown, M. (1994). Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Prniceton:Princeton university press
  • Khun, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago press
  • Jukić, J. (1996). Political Religions and the Memory of Evil”[Političke religije i memorija zla]. UDC. 316. 2
  • Mujkić, A. (2016). Multikulturalizmom protiv pluralizma –slučaj Dejtonske Bosne i Hercegovine. Daytonski mirovni sporazum i budućnost Bosne i Hercegovine/ Mirko Pejanović i Zijad Šehić. Sarajevo: knjiga CLXVI.
  • Bibo, I. (2015). The Art of Peacemaking: Political Essays by István Bibó. New Haven: University Press Scholarship
  • Beridan, I., Smajic, M. & Turcalo S. (2010). (Geo)politički i sigurnosni izazovi demokratskoj konsolidaciji tranzicijskih država: slučaj Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo:Fakultet politickin nauka Case no. IT-04-74-T, ICTY, Second amended indictment: Prosecutor of the tribunal. In 2004, the ICTY issued an indictment for six former HRHB leaders – J. Prlić, B. Stojić, S. Praljak, M. Petković, V. Ćorić and B. Pušić. On 29 May 2013, the ICTY sentenced all six.
  • Bajto, N. (2017). Tacno.net. https://www.tacno.net/novosti/uporno-negiranje-presude-visokorangiranih-ucesnika-na-razini-je-udruzenogzlocinackog-pothvata/
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Faruk Hadžić 0000-0003-1158-7858

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 9

Kaynak Göster

APA Hadžić, F. (2021). The ethnic-confessional mobilization politics as the stability and progression’s stalemate in the Western Balkans. EURO Politika(9), 51-68.

Yayına kabul edilen makalelerin içerikleri ile ilgili tüm sorumluluk yazarlara ait olup yalnızca onların fikir ve görüşlerini yansıtmaktadır. 

Dergiye, daha önce başka bir dergide, kitapta vb. herhangi bir kaynakta yayımlanan makaleler kabul edilmemektedir. Ulusal veya uluslararası konferans, seminer ve panellerde sunulan bildiriler, dipnotta belirtildikten ve makale formatına dönüştürüldükten sonra yayın sürecine alınabilir.

Dergide yayımlanan akademik makaleler sadece eğitim amaçlı olarak çoğaltılabilir. Eğitim amacı dışında makaleler, makalelerdeki şekil, grafik ve tablolar izin alınmadan kısmen veya tamamen çoğaltılamaz, arşivlenemez. Akademik yayınlarda kaynak gösterilmesi şartı ile makalelerden alıntı yapılabilir. 


Yazarların, EURO Politika derginde yayınlanmak üzere göndermiş oldukları makaleler için telif ücreti talep etmeyeceklerini taahhüt ettikleri kabul edilir.