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Türkiye’de Yoksulluk Kültürünün Suç Ve Yoksulluk İlişkisinin Analiziyle Sınanması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 249 - 268, 31.12.2023

Ayşe Nur Çiftçi İskender Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.62001/gsijses.1404003

Öz

Yoksulluk kültürü yaklaşımında yoksulların bir alt kültür oluşturdukları savunulmaktadır. Bu alt kültürde suç yaygındır. Yoksulluk ve suç arasında güçlü bağın olduğu iddia edilir. Yoksulluk kültürü yaklaşımında yoksulların potansiyel suçlu olarak kabul edildikleri savunulur. Yoksulları potansiyel suçlu olarak gören bir yaklaşımınsa yanlış olacağına işaret edilir. Yoksulluk kültürünün evrensel özellikte olduğu temel bir varsayımdır. Yani yoksulluk ve suç ilişkisinin dünyanın her yerinde benzer şekilde olması beklenir. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasındaki çıkış noktası da, yoksulluk kültürü yaklaşımındaki evrensel iddianın geçerliliğini test etmektir. 2019 yılı TÜİK verileriyle geçekleştirilen analizler, Türkiye’de yoksulluk ve suç ilişkisinin çok sınırlı olduğunu, bir kaç suç türünde görüldüğü desteklenmiştir. Halbuki olması beklenen, çok daha fazla suç türünde suç ve yoksulluk arasında ilişkinin olmasıydı. Dolayısıyla Türkiye, yoksulluk kültürü yaklaşımının yoksulluk ve suç ilişkisine ciddi bir kanıt sunamamaktadır. Bu da yoksulluk kültürü yaklaşımının evrensel özelliğe sahip olmadığını güçlendiriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal politika sosyal çalışma suç yoksulluk yoksulluk kültürü.

Kaynakça

  • Abanoz, I. N. (2022). The economic anomie and crime in Turkey. ss. 456-476, Handbook of Research on Cyber Approaches to Public Administration and Social Policy, New York: IGI Global.
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  • Altaş, D., Kaspar, E. Ç. ve Ergüt, Ö. (2012). İlişki katsayılarının karşılaştırılması: Bir simülasyon çalışması. NKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, Tekirdağ.
  • Anser, M. K. ve öte. (2020). Dynamic linkages between poverty, inequality, crime, and social expenditures in a panel of 16 countries: Two- step GMM estimates. Journal of Economic Structures, 9, 1-25.
  • Ata, A. Y. (2011). Ücretler, işsizlik ve suç arasındaki ilişki: Yatay-kesit analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum, 4(31), 113-134.
  • Atila, M. ve Çelikkaya, S. (2020). Ekonomik krizlerin toplumsal izdüşümü: Türkiye’de yaşanan ekonomik krizlerin işsizlik, suç ve intihara yansımaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 11(26), 245-258.
  • Aytaç, M. (1983). Korelasyon katsayılarının genelleştirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 4(2), 209-221.
  • Bailey, W. C. (1984) Poverty, inequality, and city homicide rates: Some not so unexpected findings. Criminology, 22(4), 531-550.
  • Batiuk, M. E., Moke, P. ve Rountree, P. W. (1997). Crime and rehabilitation: Correctional education as an agent of change—a research note. Justice Quarterly, 14(1), 167-180.
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  • Bilgin, R. (2012). Sokakta çalışan çocukları bekleyen risk ve tehlikeler: Diyarbakır örneği. ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(15), 79-96.
  • Blau, J. R. ve Blau, P. M. (1982). The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114-129.
  • Boateng, F. D., Pryce, D. K. ve Chenane, J. L. (2021). I may be an Immigrant, but I am not a Criminal: Examining the Association between the Presence of Immigrants and Crime Rates in Europe. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 22(3), 1105-1124.
  • Boor, M. ve Bair, J. H. (1990). Suicide rates, handgun control laws, and sociodemographic variables. Psychological Reports, 66(3), 923-930.
  • Brown, M. (1982) Modelling the spatial distribution of suburban crime. Economic Geography, 58(3), 247-261.
  • Buonanno, P. ve Leonida, L. (2006). Education and crime: Evidence from Italian regions. Applied Economics Letters, 13(11), 709-713.
  • Cabrera-Barona, P. F., Jimenez, G. ve Melo, P. (2019). Types of crime, poverty, population density and presence of police in the metropolitan district of Quito. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(12), 558.
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The Analysıs Of Relatıonshıp Between Crıme and Poverty For The Test Of Culture Of Poverty In Turkey

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 249 - 268, 31.12.2023

Ayşe Nur Çiftçi İskender Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.62001/gsijses.1404003

Öz

In the culture of poverty approach, it is argued that the poor form a subculture. Crime is common in this subculture. It is claimed that there is a strong link between poverty and crime. In the culture of poverty approach, it is argued that the poor are considered as potential criminals. It is pointed out that an approach that sees the poor as potential criminals will be biased. It is a basic assumption that the culture of poverty is universal. In other words, the relationship between poverty and crime is expected to be similar in every part of the world. The starting point in the preparation of this study is to test the validity of the universal claim in the culture of poverty approach. The analyzes carried out with the 2019 TURKSTAT data supported that the relationship between poverty and crime in Turkey is very limited, and that it is seen in a few types of crime. However, it was expected that there would be a relationship between crime and poverty in many more types of crime. Therefore, Turkey cannot provide serious evidence for the poverty and crime relationship of the culture of poverty approach. This reinforces that the culture of poverty approach does not have a universal feature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social politics social work crime poverty culture of poverty.

Kaynakça

  • Abanoz, I. N. (2022). The economic anomie and crime in Turkey. ss. 456-476, Handbook of Research on Cyber Approaches to Public Administration and Social Policy, New York: IGI Global.
  • Ajide, F. M. (2021). Fiscal policy and crime rate in Nigeria. African Journal of Economic Review, 9(4), 85-105.
  • Altaş, D., Kaspar, E. Ç. ve Ergüt, Ö. (2012). İlişki katsayılarının karşılaştırılması: Bir simülasyon çalışması. NKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, Tekirdağ.
  • Anser, M. K. ve öte. (2020). Dynamic linkages between poverty, inequality, crime, and social expenditures in a panel of 16 countries: Two- step GMM estimates. Journal of Economic Structures, 9, 1-25.
  • Ata, A. Y. (2011). Ücretler, işsizlik ve suç arasındaki ilişki: Yatay-kesit analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum, 4(31), 113-134.
  • Atila, M. ve Çelikkaya, S. (2020). Ekonomik krizlerin toplumsal izdüşümü: Türkiye’de yaşanan ekonomik krizlerin işsizlik, suç ve intihara yansımaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 11(26), 245-258.
  • Aytaç, M. (1983). Korelasyon katsayılarının genelleştirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 4(2), 209-221.
  • Bailey, W. C. (1984) Poverty, inequality, and city homicide rates: Some not so unexpected findings. Criminology, 22(4), 531-550.
  • Batiuk, M. E., Moke, P. ve Rountree, P. W. (1997). Crime and rehabilitation: Correctional education as an agent of change—a research note. Justice Quarterly, 14(1), 167-180.
  • Bell, B., Costa, R. ve Machin, S. (2016). Crime, Compulsory schooling laws and education. Economics of Education Review, 54, 214-226.
  • Berk, R. A., Lenihan, K. J. ve Rossi, P. H. (1980). Crime and poverty: Some experimental evidence from ex-offenders. American Sociological Review, 45(5), 766-786.
  • Bharadwaj, A. (2014). Is Poverty the mother of crime? Empirical evidence of the impact of socioeconomic factors on crime in India. Atlantic Review of Economics, 1, 1-40.
  • Bilgin, R. (2012). Sokakta çalışan çocukları bekleyen risk ve tehlikeler: Diyarbakır örneği. ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(15), 79-96.
  • Blau, J. R. ve Blau, P. M. (1982). The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114-129.
  • Boateng, F. D., Pryce, D. K. ve Chenane, J. L. (2021). I may be an Immigrant, but I am not a Criminal: Examining the Association between the Presence of Immigrants and Crime Rates in Europe. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 22(3), 1105-1124.
  • Boor, M. ve Bair, J. H. (1990). Suicide rates, handgun control laws, and sociodemographic variables. Psychological Reports, 66(3), 923-930.
  • Brown, M. (1982) Modelling the spatial distribution of suburban crime. Economic Geography, 58(3), 247-261.
  • Buonanno, P. ve Leonida, L. (2006). Education and crime: Evidence from Italian regions. Applied Economics Letters, 13(11), 709-713.
  • Cabrera-Barona, P. F., Jimenez, G. ve Melo, P. (2019). Types of crime, poverty, population density and presence of police in the metropolitan district of Quito. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(12), 558.
  • Cantor, D. ve Land, K. C. (1985). Unemployment and crime rates in the Post-World War II United States: A theoretical and empirical analysis. American Sociological Review, 50(3), 317-332.
  • Carmichael, F. ve Ward, R. (2001). Male unemployment and crime in England and Wales. Economics Letters, 73(1), 111-115.
  • Carroll, L. ve Jackson, P. I. (1983). Inequality, opportunity, and crime rates in central cities. Criminology, 21(2), 178-194.
  • Cheteni, P., Mah, G. ve Yohane, Y. K. (2018). Drug-related crime and poverty in South Africa. Cogent Economics ve Finance, 6(1), 1534528.
  • Chioda, L., De Mello, J. M. ve Soares, R. R. (2016). Spillovers from conditional cash transfer programs: Bolsa família and crime in urban Brazil. Economics of Education Review, 54, 306-320.
  • Cho, Y. H. (1972). A multiple regression model for the measurement of the public policy impact on big city crime. Policy Sciences, 3(4), 435-455.
  • Coccia, M. (2017). A Theory of general causes of violent crime: Homicides, income inequality and deficiencies of the heat hypothesis and of the model of CLASH. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 37, 190-200.
  • Cohen, D. ve Johnson, E. A. (1982). French criminality: Urban-rural differences in the nineteenth century”, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 12(3), 477-501.
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  • Kapuscinski, C. A., Braithwaite, J. ve Chapman, B. (1998). Unemployment and crime: Toward resolving the paradox. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 14(3), 215-243.
  • Kaya, M. V. ve Bozkurt, İ. (2011). İşsizlik, kişi başına milli gelir (yoksulluk), suç oranı ve yeşil kart: 1993–2009 Türkiye örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 30, 133-140.
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  • Kızmaz, Z. (2012). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde suç: Suç oranlarının artışı üzerine sosyolojik bir çözümleme. Mukaddime, 5, 51-74.
  • Kposowa, A. J., Breault, K. D. ve Harrison, B. M. (1995). Reassessing the structural covariates of violent and property crimes in the USA: A county level analysis. British Journal of Sociology, 46(1), 79-105.
  • Krohn, M. D. (1976). Inequality, unemployment and crime: A Cross-national analysis. The Sociological Quarterly, 17(3), 303-313.
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  • Lewis, O. (1959). Five Families, New York: Basic Books.
  • Lieberman, L. ve Smith, A. B. (1986). Crime rates and poverty—A reexamination. Crime and Social Justice, 25, 166-177.
  • Lin, M. J. (2008). Does unemployment increase crime? Evidence from US data 1974–2000. Journal of Human Resources, 43(2), 413-436.
  • Lochner, L. (1999). Education, Work, and Crime: Theory and Evidence, Rochester Center for Economic Research Working Paper, No. 465.
  • Lochner, L. (2004). Education, work, and crime: A human capital approach. International Economic Review, 45(3), 811-843.
  • Loureiro, A. O. (2012). Can conditional cash transfers reduce poverty and crime? Evidence from Brazil. Evidence from Brazil (January 30, 2012).
  • Ludwig, J., Duncan, G. J. ve Hirschfield, P. (2001). Urban poverty and juvenile crime: Evidence from a randomized housing-mobility experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(2), 655-679.
  • Machin, S., Marie, O. ve Vujic, S. (2011). The crime reducing effect of education. The Economic Journal, 121(552), 463-484.
  • Mccann, W. S. ve Boateng, F. D. (2020). An examination of American perceptions of the immigrant-crime relationship. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(6), 973-1002.
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  • Messner, S. F. ve Sampson, R. J. (1991). The sex ratio, family disruption, and rates of violent crime: The paradox of demographic structure. Social Forces, 69(3), 693-713.
  • Mulamba, K. C. (2021). A spatial analysis of property crime rates in South Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 89(3), 329-347.
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  • Papaıoannou, K. J. (2017). Hunger makes a thief of any man: Poverty and crime in British Colonial Asia. European Review of Economic History, 21(1), 1-28.
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  • Parker, K. E. ve Pruıtt, M. V. (2000). Poverty, poverty concentration, and homicide. Social Science Quarterly, 81(2), 555-570.
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  • TURKSTAT, İBBS 3. Düzeyde, Daimi İkametgah ve Suç Türüne Göre Ceza İnfaz Kurumuna Giren Hükümlüler, 2011-2020, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/DownloadIstatistikselTablo?p=tDDab9wf86xS0mHYrsjjwkE8vSWRNXs7HOxBA2sIojwwIclX8Rk33hLKQaejA827, Date: 27.12.2021.
  • Van De Weijer, S. G. ve öte. (2015). The effects of parental divorce on the intergenerational transmission of crime. Societies, 5(1), 89-108.
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  • 49(2), 283-289.
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  • Yang, S. W. ve Howard, P. G. (1974). An Ecological Study of Crime in Rural Ohio, Ohio, US: Ohio Farm Bureau Federation.
Toplam 108 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ayşe Nur Çiftçi

İskender Gümüş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çiftçi, A. N., & Gümüş, İ. (2023). The Analysıs Of Relatıonshıp Between Crıme and Poverty For The Test Of Culture Of Poverty In Turkey. Uluslararası Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Çalışmalar Dergisi, 4(2), 249-268. https://doi.org/10.62001/gsijses.1404003