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COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesi ve Sonrasında Kurumsal Eğitimlerde Değişim

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 53 - 73, 31.12.2023

Seçil Başkaya Cem Güney Özveren

https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.1347199

Öz

Mart 2020’den bu yana etkili olan COVID-19 pandemisi, tüm dünyada çalışma hayatını etkilerken, neden olduğu ani değişimle iş dünyasındaki dijitalleşme süreçleri hızlanarak, örgütlerin işle ilgili rutin işleyişi, iş gücünün çalışma koşulları değişmektedir. COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle birçok çalışan uzaktan çalışma ve online eğitimle tanışırken; örgütler, kurumsal eğitim uygulamalarında farklı beceri eğitimleri sunmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren, Fortune 500 listesinin ilk 100 şirketi 2019 ve Fortune 500 listesinin ilk 100 şirketi 2021’de yer alan şirketler incelenerek, farklı sektörlere göre pandemi sürecinin kurumsal eğitim uygulamaları üzerindeki etkilerinin anlaşılması amaçlanmaktadır. Yürütülen nitel araştırmada; içerik analizi yöntemi seçilerek, 2019 ve 2021 yılı listelerinde ilk 100’de ortak yer alan 73 şirketin iki farklı yıl için faaliyet ve sürdürebilirlik raporları, web sitelerinden elde edilen bilgi ve veriler ışığında COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin kurumsal eğitim uygulamalarındaki değişime etkileri ortaya çıkarılarak, tercih edilen yeni konu ve eğitim yöntemleri değerlendirilerek, örgütlerin uyguladığı stratejilerden örneklerle, gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için öneriler sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid 19 kurumsal eğitimler dijital dönüşüm online eğitim pandemi

Kaynakça

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The Change in Corporate Trainings Before and After the COVID 19 Pandemic

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 53 - 73, 31.12.2023

Seçil Başkaya Cem Güney Özveren

https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.1347199

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the working life worldwide since March 2020. With this sudden shift, the digitalization process in business world has accelerated and changed the usual working norms of organizations and conditions of employees. In response to the COVID 19 pandemic, many employees transitioned to remote work which included online training sessions, organizations have provided different types of skill training in corporate training activities.

This study aims to advance understanding of the effects of pandemic experience on corporate training acitivities according to the different sectors by reviewing the companies in the list of the top 100 companies in Turkey within the Fortune 500 list 2019 and 2021. Content analysis of companies in this qualitative study adopts data collection based on the web sites, annual reports and corporate sustainability reports of the 73 companies, same in the lists of Fortune 2019 and 2021.The study aims to reveal the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate training activities, evaluating new training topics and methods of companies, exemplifying strategies companies currently implementing and presenting suggestions for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 corporate training pandemic digital tranformation online training

Kaynakça

  • Aguinis, H., Kraiger, K., (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. Annual Review of Psychology 60, 451---474.
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  • Babapour C. M., Hultberg, A., Bozic Y. N., (2022) Post-Pandemic Office Work: Perceived Challenges and Opportunities for a Sustainable Work Environment. Sustainability, 14 (294)
  • Batool, N., Hussain, S., Baqir, M., Anwarul Islam, K. M. and Hanif, M. (2021) “Role of HR Technology and Training for The Development of Employees. International Journal of Business and Management Future, March BBC, (2020) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Korona Virüsü Pandemi ilan etti, BBC News, Türkçe, Web: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/ (Erişim: 16.05.2020)
  • Bell, B. S., Tannenbaum, S. I., Ford, J. K., Noe, R. A. and Kraiger, K. (2017) 100 Years of Training and Development Research: What We Know and Where We Should Go, Journal of Applied Psychology 102(3), 305–323 Bennett, W. R Jr. and Winford, A. Jr. (2001) Factors That Influence The Effectiveness of Training in Organizations: A Review and Meta-analysis, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, June
  • Birdi, K., Clegg, C., Patterson, M., Robinson, A., Stride, C.B., Wall, T.D., 2008. The impact of human resource and operational management practices on company productivity: a longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology 61, 467---50.
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  • Browning, P. L. (1970) Evaluation of Short-Term Training in Rehabilitation. Oregon Studies in the Rehabilitation of the Retarded, Rehabilitation Research and Training Center in Mental Retardation, August, 1970, Oregon: University of Oregon.
  • BTK, (2022) İletişim Hizmetleri İstatistikleri 2022, Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu Web: https://www.btk.gov.tr/uploads/pages/iletisim-hizmetleri-istatistikleri/istatistik-2022-3.pdf (Erişim: 30.03.2023)
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  • Castro, I. (1993) Effective Training in Work Organizations, Estudos de Gestao, Verao, 19-27 Chanana, N. and Sangeeta (2021) Employee Engagement Practices During COVID-19 Lockdown”. J Public Affairs. 21(4), e2508
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  • Duran, N., Önal, A. ve Kurtuluş, C. (2006) “E-Öğrenme ve Kurumsal Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşım Öğrenim Yönetim Sistemleri”, Web: http://ab.org.tr/ab06/165.pdf (Erişim: 22.02.2022) Employee Training Statistics, 2023 “Employee Training Statistics/ Cost of Progress in 2023”, TeamStage.pdf Web: https://teamstage.io/training-statistics/ (Erişim: 01.03.2023)
  • Enerjisa Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Enerjisa Faaliyet Raporu 2021 Web: https://www.enerjisainvestorrelations.com/Media/Default/pdf/FR/ENERJISA_2021_Faaliyet_Raporu.pdf (Erişim: 10.08.2022)
  • European Commission, 2020 “İstatistiklerle Türkiye” Turkey in Statistics, 2019, Turkish Statistical Institute, June 2020, publication number 4585 Web: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/13019146/13268550/Turkey_in_Statistics_2019.pdf/4410e741-905e-dd3f-13d9-bbe062e1f0aa?t=1594737442000 (Erişim: 01.02.2023)
  • European Commission, 2020 “Telework in the EU before and after the COVID-19: where we were, where we head to”, Science For Policy Briefs, The European Commission’s science and knowledge service, Joint Research Center, European Union
  • Eurostat, (2021) “Eurostat Regional Yearbook, 2021 Edition”, Flagship Publications, Eurostat, Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union, Web: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/15234730/15241943/KS-HA-21-001-EN-N.pdf/202462e1-b947-a2c5-6da2-c3d999018134 (Erişim: 30.03.2023)
  • Fauth, F. and Gonzalez-Martinez, J. (2021) On the Concept of Learning Transfer for Continuous and Online Training: A Literature Review. Education Sciences, 11, 133 FortuneTurkey, (2020) “Fortune 500 Türkiye 2019” Web: https://www.fortuneturkey.com/fortune500?yil=2019&tip=1 (Erişim: 10.08.2020)
  • FortuneTurkey, (2022) “Fortune 500 Türkiye 2021” Web: https://www.fortuneturkey.com/fortune500?yil=2021&tip=1 (Erişim: 18.08.2022) Freifeld, L., (2022) 2022 Training Industry Report, Web: http://www.trainingmag.com (Erişim: 04.01.2023) Gigauri, I. (2020) Organizational Support to HRM in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis. European Journal of Marketing and Economics September-December 2020, 3(3)
  • Goldstein, I. L. (1980). Training in Work Organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 229-72 Hashem, M., Sfeir, E., Hejase, H. J. and Hejase, A. J. (2022) Effect of Online Training on Employee Engagement During the COVID-19 Era. Asian Business Research; 7(5)
  • Huselid, M.A., (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal 38, 635---672. Hyman, B. G. and Ni, K. X., (2020) “Job Training Mismatch and the COVID-19 Recovery: A Cautionary Note from the Great Recession, Liberty Street Economics, May 27, Federal Reserve Bank of New York
  • İÇTAŞ Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2020) İÇTAŞ Sürdürebilirlik Raporu 2018-2020 Web: https://www.icholding.com.tr/Dosyalar/CKfinder/files/Surdurulebilirlik-Raporu-2018-2020.pdf (Erişim: 22.07.2022)
  • ILO (2021) ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. Eight Edition. Updated estimates and analysis. 27 October 2021, International Labour Organization, Web: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_824092.pdf (Erişim: 04.09.2022) Isabelle, D. A., Han, Y. J. and Westerlund, M. (2022) A Machine-Learning Analysis of the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small Business Owners and Implications for Canadian Government Policy Response. Can Public Policy, Jun 1; 48(2): 322-342
  • Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Philips, A. N., Kiron, D. and Buckley, N. (2016) “Aligning the Organization for Its Digital Future”, MITSloan Management Review, Research Report Web: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/projects/aligning-for-digital-future/ (Erişim 26.03.2021) Kleinert, C., Zoch, G., Vicari, B. and Ehlert, M. (2021) Work-related online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung, Springer, 44, 197-214
  • Koçel, T. (2020) “İşletme Yöneticiliği”, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları LinkedIn Learning (2022) “The Transformation of L&D, Learning leads the way through the Great Reshuffle” 2022 LinkedIn Workplace Learning Report https://learning.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/learning/en-us/pdfs/workplace-learning-report/LinkedIn-Learning_Workplace-Learning-Report-2022-EN.pdf (Erişim: 18.08.2022)
  • LinkedIn Learning (2023) “Building The Future” 2023 LinkedIn Workplace Learning Report, web: https://learning.linkedin.com/resources/workplace-learning-report (Erişim: 18.02.2023) Littrell, L. N. and Salas, E. (2005) A Review of Cross-Cultural Training: Best Practices, Guidelines, and Research Needs. Human Resource Development Review 4, 305
  • Lorman Team Editor (2021) “39 Statistics That Prove The Value of Employee Training” eLearning Industry, The Lorman Blog, Web: https://www.lorman.com/blog/post/39-statistics-that-prove-the-value-of-employee-training (Erişim: 18.08.2022)
  • Lynham, S. A. (2000) “Leadership Development: A Review of the Theory and Literature”, (2000 AHRD Conference), Leadership Development, Symposium 12, Raleigh-Durham, NC MacDuffie, J.P., Kochan, T.A., (1995). Do US firms invest less in human resources? Training in the World Auto Industry, Industrial Relations 34, 147---168.
  • McCauley, C.D., Moxley, R.S. and VanVelsor, E. (1998) The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass McKinsey & Company (2020) İşimizin Geleceği: Dijital Çağda Türkiye’nin Yetenek Dönüşümü Rapor Özeti, Ocak 2020, Web: https://www.mckinsey.com/tr/our-insights/future-of-work-turkey (Erişim: 18.04.2022) McKinsey & Company (2022) People are the fuel that will power the next industrial revolution, McKinsey&Company COVID-19 Briefing Note 87, January 12
  • Michael, J. W. C. (2021) Online Training: The application of the Society 5.0 concept” (IOP Cenference Series: Earth and Environmental Science) 729 012105 Mikolajczyk, K. (2021) “Changes in the approach to employee development in organizations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic” European Journal of Training and Development, 46(5/6), 544-562 Milhem, W., Abushamsieh, K. and Perez Arostequi, M. N. (2014) Training Strategies, Theories and Types, Journal of Accounting-Business and Management 21(1), 12-26
  • Mitchell, G. (2000) Eğiticinin El Kitabı, Eğitimde Etkililiği Sağlamanın Yolları, Humanitas Eğitim Yayınları Narendar, P. and Mishra, M. (2021) Impact of HR Analytics on Training and Development in an Organization, Psychology and Education 58(1), 3606-3614 Nemli, E., Yazıcı, S. ve Yanık, S. (2003) Kurumsal Eğitim ve Geliştirme Sürecinde Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Elektronik Öğrenme, Öneri. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Hakemli Dergisi, 5(20),109-117(SSCI)
  • OECD, (2019) OECD Skills Strategy 2019; Skills to shape a better future” May, 2019 OECD Skills Strategy-Turkey, Web: https://www.oecd.org/skills/oecd-skills-strategy-2019-9789264313835-en.htm (Erişim: 18.04.2022)
  • Ozturan, M. and Kutlu, B. (2010) Employee satisfaction of corporate e-training programs. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2, 5561–5565, Science Direct Pantazis Cynthia (2002). Maximizing E-Learning to Train the 21 st Century Workforce,2002 (URL:http://www.ipma-hr.org/newsfiles/ 2002_1_pantazis.pdf)
  • Petkim Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Petkim 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: https://www.petkim.com.tr/assets/uploads//faaliyet/petkim_faaliyet_raporu_2021.pdf (Erişim: 11.08.2022) Portway, P. S. ve Lane, C. (2000) Corporate Training, The Education Coalition, A Technical Guide to Teleconferencing and Distance Learning, 3rd Edition Przytula, S., Strzelec, G. and Krysińska-Kościańska, K. (2020) Re-vision of Future Trends in Human Resource Management after COVID-19. Journal of Intercultural Management, 12(4), 70-90 Research.com (2022) “68 Training Industry Statistics: 2021/2022 Data, Trends & Predictions”, Careers, Oct 4, Web: https://research.com/careers/training-industry-statistics (Erişim: 04.10.2022)
  • Research.com (2023) “68 Training Industry Statistics: 2023 Data, Trends &Predictions”, Careers, Jan 11, Web: https://research.com/careers/training-industry-statistics (Erişim: 11.01.2023) Russell, J. S., Terborg, J. R., & Powers, M. L. (1985). Organizational performance and organizational level training and support. Personnel psychology, 38(4), 849-863.
  • Salas, E. and Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (2001) The Science of Training: A Decade of Progress. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 471-99 Schuster, J.P., Carpenter, J. and Kane, M. P. (1993) The Power Of Open-Book Management, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Scribani, J. (2020) “The Impact of COVID-19 on the Online Course Industry”, Thinkific, August 29 SHRM (2022) 2022 Workplace Learning & Development Trends Research Report 2022, Executive Summary, TalentIms, Web: https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-forecasting/research-and-surveys/pages/2022-workplace-learning-and-development-trends.aspx (Erişim: 01.03.2023)
  • Simplilearn (2022) “How COVID-19 has affected employee skills training: ASimplilearn Survey” Web: https://www.simplilearn.com/how-covid-19-has-affected-employee-skills-training-article(Erişim: 18.03.2023) Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z. and others (2020) “World Health Organization Declares Global Emergency: A Review Of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)”, Internal Journal of Surgery, April
  • Sonnentag, S., Niessen, C. and Ohly, S. (2004) “Learning at Work: Training and Development” International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 19(8), Edited by Cary, L. Cooper and Ivan T. Robertson , John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Statista, (2022) “Spending in the training industry in U.S. 2012-2022”, Statistica Research Departmanet, Nov 22, Web: https://www.statista.com , (Erişim: 06.12.2022) Stemmler, H., (2021) “The Effects of COVID-19 on businesses: key versus non-key firms” Web: https://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/intserv/working-papers/wp077/index.html (Erişim: 30.03.2023)
  • Sushchenko, O. and Basyuk, D. (2019) “Organization of Personnel Training in the HR Management System at Machine-Building Enterprises”, (MATEC Web of Conferences) 297, 07006
  • TAI Yatırımcı İlişkileri, 2021 TUSAŞ 2021 Sürdürebilirlik Raporu Web: https://www.tusas.com/content/files/uploads/3293/2021-tusas-surdurulebilirlik-raporu.pdf (Erişim: 15.10.2022)
  • TalentLms (2022) “Research: The State of L&D in 2022: How training and development shape employee experience and empower organizational growth” Web: https://www.talentlms.com/employee-learning-and-development-stats (Erişim: 30.03.2023)
  • Tannenbaum, S. I. and Yukl, G. (1992) Training and Development in Work Organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 399–441. Tannenbaum, S. I., Cerasoli, C. P. (2013) “Do team and individual debriefs enhance performance? A meta-analysis”, Hum Factors, Feb, 55(1) 231-45
  • Tarique, I. (2014) “Seven Trends in Corporate Training and Development: Strategies to Align Goals with Employee Needs”, USA: Pearson Education Team Stage (2023) “Employee Training Statistics: Cost of Progress in 2023”, Web: https://teamstage.io/training-statistics/ (Erişim: 01.03.2023)
  • Tharenou, P., Saks, A. M. and Moore, C. (2007) A review and critique of research on training and organizational-level outcomes. Human Resource Management Review 17, 251-273 Thorndike, E.L. ve Woodworth, R.S. (1901) The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions Psychological Review, 8, 247-261. Tobin, D.R. (1996) Transformational Learning, Renewing Your Company Through Knowledge and Skills, John Wiley&Sons, Inc
  • Tofaş Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Tofaş 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: https://tofas.com.tr/YatirimciIliskileri/FaaliyetRaporlari/Documents/2021 FaaliyetRaporu.pdf (Erişim: 02.07.2022)
  • Tosçelik Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Tosyalı Holding 2021 Sürdürebilirlik Raporu Web: https://www.tosyaliholding.com.tr/uploads/file/4fa65cd78ed42cae77960e9c9392cdb9-1672067860692.pdf (Erişim: 22.06.2022) Tüpraş Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Tüpraş 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: https://tprstaticfilessa.blob.core.windows.net/assets/uploads/faaliyet-raporlari/tupras_2021_faaliyet_raporu.pdf (Erişim: 20.06.2022)
  • Turhan, E., Şimşek, A., Erişti, B., Ataizi, M. ve Balaban Salı, J. (2018) İşletmelerde Eğitim ve Geliştirme, T.C. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını No:2501, Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını No:1472, Eskişehir
  • Türk Telekom Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Türk Telekom 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: https://www.ttyatirimciiliskileri.com.tr/media/cq0ddojs/2021-faaliyet-raporu.pdf (Erişim: 20.06.2022) Türk Traktör Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Türk Traktör 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: https://www.turktraktor.com.tr/getmedia/b1e8dc5f-1c25-4fb5-b784-221e021348a8/2021-Faaliyet-Raporu.pdf (Erişim: 20.08.2022)
  • Turkcell Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Turkcell 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: https://www.turkcell.com.tr/tr/hakkimizda/yatirimci-iliskileri/faaliyet-raporu (Erişim: 20.06.2022) Türkmen, E. (2019) İKY Eğitim ve Geliştirme, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Ülker Yatırımcı İlişkileri, 2021 Ülker Bisküvi 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: https://ulkerbiskuviyatirimciiliskileri.com/finansal-ve-operasyonel-veriler/faaliyet-raporlari.aspx (Erişim: 05.09.2022).
  • University of Minnesota (2011) “Types of Training”, Human Resource Management, University of Minnesota Web: http://universityofminnesota.edu (Erişim: 30.03.2023).
  • Valle, R., Martin, F., Romero, P.M., Dolan, S.L., (2000). Business strategy, work process and human resource training: are they congruent? Journal of Organizational Behaviour 21, 283---297. Vestel Yatırımcı İlişkileri (2021) Vestel 2021 Faaliyet Raporu Web: http://www.vestelyatirimciiliskileri.com/_assets/pdf/faliyet/2021/vestel_elektronik_2021_yili_entegre_faaliyet_raporu_v2.pdf (Erişim: 20.06.2022)..
  • Wamundila, S., Nkhowani, J., Siakalima, D. and Simui, F. (2022) Impact of COVID-19 on Human Resource Management Functions in Zambian Organisations. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovations, 9(2) .
  • Wexley, K. N. (1984) Personnel Training, Annual Review of Psychology, 35, 519-551. WHO (2022) “Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19-7 December 2022, Edition 121 Web: “https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19-7-december-2022 (Erişim: 7.12.2022). WHO, (2021) “COVID-19 situation in the WHO European Region” data as of: 12 November 2021, 11:00 (CET), World Health Organization, Web: https://who.maps.arcgis.com (Erişim: 12.11.2021).
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Örgütsel Davranış
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seçil Başkaya 0000-0002-2684-2885

Cem Güney Özveren 0000-0001-9435-6662

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 5 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Başkaya, S., & Özveren, C. G. (2023). COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesi ve Sonrasında Kurumsal Eğitimlerde Değişim. İş’te Davranış Dergisi, 8(2), 53-73. https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.1347199

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