Araştırma Makalesi
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Yeni Medya Çağı Çerçevesinde Uganda’da Medya Kullanım Pratikleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 499 - 514, 25.12.2020

Öz

Bu araştırmada, Ugandanın gençleri arasındaki yeni medya teknolojileri çağında yayın medyası (Radyo ve TV) kullanım pratikleri ve etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada hem nicel hem de nitel metodolojileri kullanmıştır. Saha uygulamasının 16 öğrencisiyle yüz yüze mülâkat yapıldığı ve 486 öğrencisine anket yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Uganda'daki İslam Üniversitesi'nin iki kampüsünde 2019/2020 eğitimlerine devam eden öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde, katılımcıların çoğunluğunun % 52,7 cep telefonunun en çok kullanılan iletişim aracı olduğunu ve günde 7 saatten fazla telefonla vakit geçirdiğini göstermektedir. Yine de % 47,9'u günde 1- 3 saat arasinda TV izlemektedir. Radyo dinlemek en az kullanılan medya platformlarıydı. Ayrıca, sonuçlara göre % 92,8'inin cep telefonlarına sahiptir ve bu telefonlar aracılığıyla radyo dinlemektedir. Bununla birlikte radyo ve TV programlar çok kullanılan akıllı telefonlar üzerinden erişilen ve çok azı evinde bilgisayar, laptop, radyo ve TV cihazlar kullanmaktadır. Medya cihazlarına sahip olma, sırasıyla P = .004 ve P = .000 değerlerinde, katılımcıların aylık geliri ile güçlü bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yeni medya teknolojileri gelişmesiyle geleneksel radyo ve TV cihazlar kullanım pratikleri değişmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Auverset, L., A. (2017). Social TV is the New Digital Watercooler: Personality Traits, Behaviours, and Trends in Second-Screen Media Activity. Dissertation. The University of Alabama. USA.
  • Barkhuus, L. and Brown, B. (2009). Unpacking the television: user practices around a changing technology. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 16 (3), 1–22.
  • Bernhaupt, R. (2010). Ethnographic insights on security, privacy, and personalization aspects of user interaction in interactive TV. Proceedings of the 8th international interactive conference on interactive TV & video – EuroITV’10. New York, NY: ACM Press, 187–196.
  • Conway, J. C., & Rubin, A. M. (1991). Psychological predictors of television viewing motivation. Communication Research, 18, 443–463. doi: 10.1177/009365091018004001
  • Fiske, J. (2002). Introduction to Communication Studies. 2nd Ed, London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Hanley, K. (2014) The New Newsroom: The Impact of Digital and Social Media on Local television News Stations. (Master’s. Thesis), Drexel University, USA.
  • Haridakis, P. M. (2002). Viewer characteristics, exposure to television violence and aggression. Media Psychology, 4, 235–353. doi: 10.1207/S1532785XMEP0404_02
  • Hermida, A. (2010). Twittering the news. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 297e308.
  • Holton, A. E., & Chyi, H. I. (2012). News and the overloaded consumer: Factors influencing information overload among news consumers. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(11), 619e624.
  • Kakonage, J. (2013). The Role of The Media in Africa’s Development: From Vision To Reality. Global Media Journal, African Edition, 7(2):172-180.
  • Kasadha J. (2020). Does social media matter in developing democracies? Examining its impact on citizen political participation and expression in Uganda. Journal of Public Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1981
  • Kırık, A. (2013) Conversion From Television To Internet In Turkey And The Position Of Young People In The Social Sharing Networks Within The Framework Of The New Media Age. (PhD Thesis), Marmara University, Turkey.
  • Kim, K. J., Sundar, S. S., & Park, E. (2011). The effects of screen-size and communication modality on psychology of mobile device users. Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’11), 1207–1212. doi: 10.1145/1979742.1979749
  • Lee, S. K., Lindsey, N. J., & Kim, K. S. (2017). The effects of news consumption via social media and news information overload on perceptions of journalistic norms and practices. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.007
  • Ley, B., Ogonowski, C., Hess, J., Reichling, T., Wan, L., & Wulf, V. (2014). Impacts of new technologies on media usage and social behavior in domestic environments. Behaviour and information technology, 33(8),815-825.
  • Lull, J. (1991). Inside family viewing: ethnographic research on television’s audiences. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Nauman, S., I. (2017). News Usage Practices of Pakistani University Students in the Networked News Environment. University of Stirling: UK.
  • Odongo, B. D., (2012). Human Rights and Media in Uganda; A critical Analysis of the Mass Media Freedom (Master's Thesis). University of Göteborg, Sweden.
  • Papacharissi, Z., & Mendelson, A. M. (2007). An exploratory study of reality appeal: Uses and gratification of reality TV shows. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 355–370. doi: 10.1080/08838150701307152
  • Perry, D. K. (2002). Theory and Research in Mass Communication: Contexts and Consequences (2nd ed.). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Raacke, J., & Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008). Myspace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratification theory to exploring friend-networking sites. Cyberpsychology & Behaviour, 169–174. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0056
  • Rubin, A.M. (1981). An examination of television viewing motives. Communication Research, 8, 141–165.
  • Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication & Society, 3, 3–37. doi: 10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02
  • Smith, S.M. and Krugman, D.M., (2010). Exploring perceptions and usage patterns of digital video recorder owners. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54 (2),248–264.
  • So, J. (2012). Uses, gratifications, and beyond: Toward a model of motivated media exposure and its effects on risk perception. Communication Theory, 22, 116–137. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012. 01400.x
  • Sundar, S. S., & Limperos, A., M. (2013) Uses and Grats 2.0: New Gratifications for New Media, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57:4, 504-525, DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2013.845827
  • Swart, J., Peters, C., & Broersma, M. (2016). Navigating cross-media news use: Media repertoires and the value of news in everyday life. Journalism Studies, (ahead-of-print), doi:10.1080/1461670X.2015.1129285.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Understanding Concepts and Applications. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
  • UCC (2017, May, 01). Quarterly statistics on key communications indicators as of Dec 2016.
  • Uganda Communications Commission. Retrieved from http://www.ucc.co.ug/files/down loads/Quarterly_Statistics on_Key_Communications_Indicators_as_of_Dec_2016.pdf
  • Wei, R., & Lo, V. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Cell Phone use and social connectedness. New Media & Society, 8, 53–72. doi: 10.117/1461444806059870
  • West, R., & Turner, L. H. (2010). Introducing Communication Theory Analysis and Application (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Westerman, D., Spence, P., & Van Der Heide, B. (2014). Social media as information source: Recency of updates and credibility of information. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 19(2), 171e183.
  • Zeng, L. (2011). More than audio on the go: Uses and gratifications of MP3 players. Communication Research Reports, 28, 97–108. doi

Practices of Broadcast Media Usage in The Age of New Media: Evidence From Uganda

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 499 - 514, 25.12.2020

Öz

This study investigated practices of broadcast media usage in the age of convergent new media technologies and the impact of these patterns among the Ugandan youths. We employed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A total N=16 was interviewed and N=486 questionnaires were analyzed. All participants in this study were university students enrolled for the academic year 2019/2020 at two campuses, of the Islamic University in Uganda. Results show that mobile telephone is the most used tool of communication with an overall of 52.7% of the respondents spending more than 7 hours on telephone in a day. Yet 47.9% spent 1 to 3 hours watching TV daily. Radio was the least used media platforms as they spent less than one hour listening to radio. The study further exposed that 92.8% of the sample population possessed mobile phones and listened to radio through it. The second most accessed and possessed device used in the reception of radio and TV was smartphones with 80.7% whereas TV sets were accessed by 70% of the informants and 69.1% revealed that they owned a radio set at their residence. The least accessed device were laptops and desktop where by only 47.7% accessed them. Possession of media devices was strongly correlated with the monthly income of the respondents, both at value P= .004 and P= .000 respectively. The study concluded that there is a paradigm shift in the usage of radio and TV from traditional reception to new media reception.

Kaynakça

  • Auverset, L., A. (2017). Social TV is the New Digital Watercooler: Personality Traits, Behaviours, and Trends in Second-Screen Media Activity. Dissertation. The University of Alabama. USA.
  • Barkhuus, L. and Brown, B. (2009). Unpacking the television: user practices around a changing technology. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 16 (3), 1–22.
  • Bernhaupt, R. (2010). Ethnographic insights on security, privacy, and personalization aspects of user interaction in interactive TV. Proceedings of the 8th international interactive conference on interactive TV & video – EuroITV’10. New York, NY: ACM Press, 187–196.
  • Conway, J. C., & Rubin, A. M. (1991). Psychological predictors of television viewing motivation. Communication Research, 18, 443–463. doi: 10.1177/009365091018004001
  • Fiske, J. (2002). Introduction to Communication Studies. 2nd Ed, London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Hanley, K. (2014) The New Newsroom: The Impact of Digital and Social Media on Local television News Stations. (Master’s. Thesis), Drexel University, USA.
  • Haridakis, P. M. (2002). Viewer characteristics, exposure to television violence and aggression. Media Psychology, 4, 235–353. doi: 10.1207/S1532785XMEP0404_02
  • Hermida, A. (2010). Twittering the news. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 297e308.
  • Holton, A. E., & Chyi, H. I. (2012). News and the overloaded consumer: Factors influencing information overload among news consumers. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(11), 619e624.
  • Kakonage, J. (2013). The Role of The Media in Africa’s Development: From Vision To Reality. Global Media Journal, African Edition, 7(2):172-180.
  • Kasadha J. (2020). Does social media matter in developing democracies? Examining its impact on citizen political participation and expression in Uganda. Journal of Public Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1981
  • Kırık, A. (2013) Conversion From Television To Internet In Turkey And The Position Of Young People In The Social Sharing Networks Within The Framework Of The New Media Age. (PhD Thesis), Marmara University, Turkey.
  • Kim, K. J., Sundar, S. S., & Park, E. (2011). The effects of screen-size and communication modality on psychology of mobile device users. Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA’11), 1207–1212. doi: 10.1145/1979742.1979749
  • Lee, S. K., Lindsey, N. J., & Kim, K. S. (2017). The effects of news consumption via social media and news information overload on perceptions of journalistic norms and practices. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.007
  • Ley, B., Ogonowski, C., Hess, J., Reichling, T., Wan, L., & Wulf, V. (2014). Impacts of new technologies on media usage and social behavior in domestic environments. Behaviour and information technology, 33(8),815-825.
  • Lull, J. (1991). Inside family viewing: ethnographic research on television’s audiences. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Nauman, S., I. (2017). News Usage Practices of Pakistani University Students in the Networked News Environment. University of Stirling: UK.
  • Odongo, B. D., (2012). Human Rights and Media in Uganda; A critical Analysis of the Mass Media Freedom (Master's Thesis). University of Göteborg, Sweden.
  • Papacharissi, Z., & Mendelson, A. M. (2007). An exploratory study of reality appeal: Uses and gratification of reality TV shows. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 355–370. doi: 10.1080/08838150701307152
  • Perry, D. K. (2002). Theory and Research in Mass Communication: Contexts and Consequences (2nd ed.). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Raacke, J., & Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008). Myspace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratification theory to exploring friend-networking sites. Cyberpsychology & Behaviour, 169–174. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0056
  • Rubin, A.M. (1981). An examination of television viewing motives. Communication Research, 8, 141–165.
  • Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication & Society, 3, 3–37. doi: 10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02
  • Smith, S.M. and Krugman, D.M., (2010). Exploring perceptions and usage patterns of digital video recorder owners. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54 (2),248–264.
  • So, J. (2012). Uses, gratifications, and beyond: Toward a model of motivated media exposure and its effects on risk perception. Communication Theory, 22, 116–137. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012. 01400.x
  • Sundar, S. S., & Limperos, A., M. (2013) Uses and Grats 2.0: New Gratifications for New Media, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57:4, 504-525, DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2013.845827
  • Swart, J., Peters, C., & Broersma, M. (2016). Navigating cross-media news use: Media repertoires and the value of news in everyday life. Journalism Studies, (ahead-of-print), doi:10.1080/1461670X.2015.1129285.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Understanding Concepts and Applications. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
  • UCC (2017, May, 01). Quarterly statistics on key communications indicators as of Dec 2016.
  • Uganda Communications Commission. Retrieved from http://www.ucc.co.ug/files/down loads/Quarterly_Statistics on_Key_Communications_Indicators_as_of_Dec_2016.pdf
  • Wei, R., & Lo, V. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Cell Phone use and social connectedness. New Media & Society, 8, 53–72. doi: 10.117/1461444806059870
  • West, R., & Turner, L. H. (2010). Introducing Communication Theory Analysis and Application (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Westerman, D., Spence, P., & Van Der Heide, B. (2014). Social media as information source: Recency of updates and credibility of information. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 19(2), 171e183.
  • Zeng, L. (2011). More than audio on the go: Uses and gratifications of MP3 players. Communication Research Reports, 28, 97–108. doi
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Rajab Idd Muyıngo 0000-0003-2857-8659

Ali Murat Kırık 0000-0002-5771-4843

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Muyıngo, R. I., & Kırık, A. M. (2020). Practices of Broadcast Media Usage in The Age of New Media: Evidence From Uganda. Intermedia International E-Journal, 7(13), 499-514.

Creative Commons Lisansı Intermedia International E-journal

Bu eser Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.