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Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change with Protection Motivation Theory

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 68, 85 - 96, 20.12.2023

Furkan Onur Usluer Onur Barca Sedat Karakaya Fırat Demir Nuran Bayram Arlı

https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1300199

Öz

Climate change, which refers to the radical climatic changes that occur as a result of factors such as the release of various gases into the atmosphere, fossil fuel consumption, and industrial activities, is serious global concern. Food and water shortages, increased flooding, extreme temperatures, new epidemics, and economic losses are all threats posed by climate change. To mitigate the adverse effects of this phenomenon, some measures can be taken by all individuals. The study aims to investigate people’s attitudes toward climate change by determining their behavioral intentions with a model based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). The behavioral intentions of individuals to prevent climate change were analyzed with the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The source of data is a questionnaire conducted in Türkiye with 526 people over the age of 18. The results reveal that people’s threat and coping appraisals are effective in the formation of behavioral intentions to combat climate change and thus contribute significantly to protection motivation. Higher response efficiency and self-efficacy lead to higher levels of protection motivation. Threat and coping appraisal account for 65.3% of the total change in behavioral intentions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Change Protection Motivation Theory Behavioral Intention Environment Structural Equation Model

Kaynakça

  • Almarshad, S. O. (2017). Adopting sustainable behavior in institutions of higher education: a study on intentions of decision makers in the Mena region. European Journal ofSustainable Development, 6(2), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n2p89 google scholar
  • Bagagnan, A. R., Ouedraogo, I., Fonta, W. M., Sowe, M., & Wallis, A. (2019). Can protection motivation theory explain farmers’ adaptation to climate change decision making in the Gambia? Climate, 7(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7010013 google scholar
  • Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002 google scholar
  • Bamberg, S., Masson, T., Brewitt, K., & Nemetschek, N. (2020). Threat, coping and flood prevention - A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 54, 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101364 google scholar
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 google scholar
  • Bayram, N. (2016). Yapisal eşitlik modellemesine giriş amos uygulamaları (3th ed.). Bursa, Turkey: Ezgi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Bayram, N. (2018). Ölçme değişmezliği ve çoklu grup analizleri. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 20(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4026/isguc.422377 google scholar
  • Bockarjova, M., & Steg, L. (2014). Can protection motivation theory predict pro-environmental behavior? Explaining the adoption of electric vehicles in the Netherlands. Global Environmental Change, 28(1), 276-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.010 google scholar
  • Brody, S., Grover, H., & Vedlitz, A. (2012). Examining the willingness of Americans to alter behaviour to mitigate climate change. Climate Policy, 12(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2011.579261 google scholar
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with amos (2nd ed.). New York Routledge. google scholar
  • Cattaneo, C., Beine, M., Fröhlich, C. J., Kniveton, D., Martinez-Zarzoso, I., Mastrorillo, M., Millock, K., Piguet, E., & Schraven, B. (2019). Human migration in the era of climate change. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 13(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez008 google scholar
  • Champion, V. L. (1999). Revised susceptibility, benefits, and barriers scale for mammography screening. Research in Nursing & Health, 22(4), 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199908)22:4<341::aid-nur8>3.0.co;2-p google scholar
  • Chen, M. F. (2020). Moral extension of the protection motivation theory model to predict climate change mitigation behavioral intentions in Taiwan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12), 13714-13725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07963-6 google scholar
  • Chenoweth, T., Minch, R., & Gattiker, T. (2009). Application of protection motivation theory to adoption of protective technologies. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2009.74. google scholar
  • Chi, H. T. K. (2021). Climate change perception in Vietnam: Application of protection motivation theory (Doctoral dissertation, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University). Retrieved from https://ritsumei.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=15255&item_no=1&attribute_id=20&file no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21. google scholar
  • Cismaru, M., Cismaru, R., Ono, T., & Nelson, K. (2011). “Act on climate change”: An application of protection motivation theory. Social Marketing Quarterly, 17(3), 62-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2011.595539 google scholar
  • Floyd, D. L., Prentıce-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(2), 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02323.x google scholar
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313 google scholar
  • Hagger, M. S., Cameron, L. D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N., & Lintunen, T. (2020). The handbook of behavior change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A globalperspective (7th Edition). New Jersey, Pearson. google scholar
  • Higbee, K. L. (1969). Fifteen years of fear arousal: research on threat appeals. Psycholofical Bulletin, 72(6), 426-444. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0028430 google scholar
  • Hilaire, J., Minx, J. C., Callaghan, M. W., Edmonds, J., Luderer, G., Nemet, G. F., Rogelj, J., & del Mar Zamora, M. (2019). Negative emissions and international climate goals—learning from and about mitigation scenarios. Climatic Change, 157(2), 189-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02516-4 google scholar
  • Horng, J. S., Hu, M. L. M., Teng, C. C. C., & Lin, L. (2014). Energy saving and carbon reduction behaviors in tourism—a perception study of Asian visitors from a protection motivation theory perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 721-735. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.797002 google scholar
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 google scholar
  • Hunter, E., & Röös, E. (2016). Fear of climate change consequences and predictors of intentions to alter meat consumption. Food Policy, 62, 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.06.004 google scholar
  • Janmaimool, P. (2017). Application of protection motivation theory to investigate sustainable waste management behaviors. Sustainability, 9(7), 1079. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071079 google scholar
  • Kim, S., Jeong, S. H., & Hwang, Y. (2013). Predictors of pro-environmental behaviors of American and Korean students: the application of the theory of reasoned action and protection motivation theory. Science Communication, 35(2), 168-188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547012441692 google scholar
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd Edition). New York, Guilford Publications. google scholar
  • Leventhal, H. (1970). Findings and theory in the study of fear communications. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 5, 119-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60091-X google scholar
  • Luu, T. A., Nguyen, A. T., Trinh, Q. A., Pham, V. T., Le, B. B., Nguyen, D. T., Hoang, Q. N., Pham, H. T. T., Nguyen, T. K., Luu, V. N., & Hens, L. (2019). Farmers’ intention to climate change adaptation in agriculture in the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve (Vietnam): a combination of structural equation modeling (SEM) and protection motivation theory (PMT). Sustainability, 11(10), 2993. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102993 google scholar
  • Maddux, J. E., & Rogers, R. W. (1983). Protection motivation and self-efficacy: a revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(5), 469-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(83)90023-9 google scholar
  • Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Calvo, E., Priyadarshi, B., Shukla, R., Ferrat, M., Haughey, E., Luz, S., Neogi, S., Pathak, M., Petzold, J., Pereira, J. P., Vyas, P., Huntley, E., Kissick, K., Belkacemi, M., & Malley, J. (2019). Climate Change and Land. Retrieved from United Nations, International Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf google scholar
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., & Higginbotham, N. (1995). Predicting low-fat diet intentions and behaviors for the prevention of coronary heart disease: An application of protection motivation theory among an Australian population. Psychology & Health, 10(5), 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449508401959 google scholar
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., & Higginbotham, N. (2002). Protection motivation theory and exercise behaviour change for the prevention of coronary heart disease in a high-risk, Australian representative community sample of adults. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 7(1), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500120101586 google scholar
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., & Trinh, L. (2010). Protection motivation theory: Is this a worthwhile theory for physical activity promotion? Exercise Sport Science Reviews, 38(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181d49612 google scholar
  • Rainear, A. M., & Christensen, J. L. (2017). Protection motivation theory as an explanatory framework for proenvironmental behavioral intentions. Communication Research Reports, 34(3), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2017.1286472 google scholar
  • Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2006). A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.). New Jersey, Routledge. google scholar
  • Regasa, D. T., & Akirso, N. A. (2019). Determinants of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies: an application of protection motivation theory in Konta District, South Western Ethiopia. European Review of Applied Sociology, 12(19), 49-73. https://doi.org/10.1515/eras-2019-0010 google scholar
  • Rogelj, J., Meinshausen, M., Schaeffer, M., Knutti, R., & Riahi, K. (2015). Impact of short-lived non-CO2 mitigation on carbon budgets for stabilizing global warming. Environmental Research Letters, 10(7), 075001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/075001 google scholar
  • Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change1. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803 google scholar
  • Ruan, W., Kang, S., & Song, H. J. (2020). Applying protection motivation theory to understand international tourists’ behavioural intentions under the threat of air pollution: a case of Beijing, China. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(16), 2027-2041. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1743242 google scholar
  • Shafiei, A.,& Maleksaeidi, H. (2020). Pro-environmental behavior of university students: Application of protection motivation theory. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00908 google scholar
  • Tang, J. S., & Feng, J. Y. (2018). Residents’ disaster preparedness after the Meinong Taiwan earthquake: A test of protection motivation theory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/jerph15071434 google scholar
  • Th0gersen, J., & Gr0nh0j, A. (2010). Electricity saving in households—A social cognitive approach. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7732-7743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.025 google scholar
  • World Health Organization. (2015). WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change-Sign the call. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news/item/06-10-2015-who-calls-for-urgent-action-to-protect-health-from-climate-change-sign-the-call. google scholar
  • Zhao, G., Cavusgil, E., & Zhao, Y. (2016). A protection motivation explanation of base-of-pyramid consumers’ environmental sustainability. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.12.003 google scholar

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 68, 85 - 96, 20.12.2023

Furkan Onur Usluer Onur Barca Sedat Karakaya Fırat Demir Nuran Bayram Arlı

https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1300199

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Almarshad, S. O. (2017). Adopting sustainable behavior in institutions of higher education: a study on intentions of decision makers in the Mena region. European Journal ofSustainable Development, 6(2), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n2p89 google scholar
  • Bagagnan, A. R., Ouedraogo, I., Fonta, W. M., Sowe, M., & Wallis, A. (2019). Can protection motivation theory explain farmers’ adaptation to climate change decision making in the Gambia? Climate, 7(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7010013 google scholar
  • Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002 google scholar
  • Bamberg, S., Masson, T., Brewitt, K., & Nemetschek, N. (2020). Threat, coping and flood prevention - A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 54, 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101364 google scholar
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 google scholar
  • Bayram, N. (2016). Yapisal eşitlik modellemesine giriş amos uygulamaları (3th ed.). Bursa, Turkey: Ezgi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Bayram, N. (2018). Ölçme değişmezliği ve çoklu grup analizleri. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 20(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4026/isguc.422377 google scholar
  • Bockarjova, M., & Steg, L. (2014). Can protection motivation theory predict pro-environmental behavior? Explaining the adoption of electric vehicles in the Netherlands. Global Environmental Change, 28(1), 276-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.010 google scholar
  • Brody, S., Grover, H., & Vedlitz, A. (2012). Examining the willingness of Americans to alter behaviour to mitigate climate change. Climate Policy, 12(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2011.579261 google scholar
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with amos (2nd ed.). New York Routledge. google scholar
  • Cattaneo, C., Beine, M., Fröhlich, C. J., Kniveton, D., Martinez-Zarzoso, I., Mastrorillo, M., Millock, K., Piguet, E., & Schraven, B. (2019). Human migration in the era of climate change. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 13(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez008 google scholar
  • Champion, V. L. (1999). Revised susceptibility, benefits, and barriers scale for mammography screening. Research in Nursing & Health, 22(4), 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199908)22:4<341::aid-nur8>3.0.co;2-p google scholar
  • Chen, M. F. (2020). Moral extension of the protection motivation theory model to predict climate change mitigation behavioral intentions in Taiwan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12), 13714-13725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07963-6 google scholar
  • Chenoweth, T., Minch, R., & Gattiker, T. (2009). Application of protection motivation theory to adoption of protective technologies. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2009.74. google scholar
  • Chi, H. T. K. (2021). Climate change perception in Vietnam: Application of protection motivation theory (Doctoral dissertation, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University). Retrieved from https://ritsumei.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=15255&item_no=1&attribute_id=20&file no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21. google scholar
  • Cismaru, M., Cismaru, R., Ono, T., & Nelson, K. (2011). “Act on climate change”: An application of protection motivation theory. Social Marketing Quarterly, 17(3), 62-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2011.595539 google scholar
  • Floyd, D. L., Prentıce-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(2), 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02323.x google scholar
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313 google scholar
  • Hagger, M. S., Cameron, L. D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N., & Lintunen, T. (2020). The handbook of behavior change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A globalperspective (7th Edition). New Jersey, Pearson. google scholar
  • Higbee, K. L. (1969). Fifteen years of fear arousal: research on threat appeals. Psycholofical Bulletin, 72(6), 426-444. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0028430 google scholar
  • Hilaire, J., Minx, J. C., Callaghan, M. W., Edmonds, J., Luderer, G., Nemet, G. F., Rogelj, J., & del Mar Zamora, M. (2019). Negative emissions and international climate goals—learning from and about mitigation scenarios. Climatic Change, 157(2), 189-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02516-4 google scholar
  • Horng, J. S., Hu, M. L. M., Teng, C. C. C., & Lin, L. (2014). Energy saving and carbon reduction behaviors in tourism—a perception study of Asian visitors from a protection motivation theory perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 721-735. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.797002 google scholar
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 google scholar
  • Hunter, E., & Röös, E. (2016). Fear of climate change consequences and predictors of intentions to alter meat consumption. Food Policy, 62, 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.06.004 google scholar
  • Janmaimool, P. (2017). Application of protection motivation theory to investigate sustainable waste management behaviors. Sustainability, 9(7), 1079. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071079 google scholar
  • Kim, S., Jeong, S. H., & Hwang, Y. (2013). Predictors of pro-environmental behaviors of American and Korean students: the application of the theory of reasoned action and protection motivation theory. Science Communication, 35(2), 168-188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547012441692 google scholar
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd Edition). New York, Guilford Publications. google scholar
  • Leventhal, H. (1970). Findings and theory in the study of fear communications. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 5, 119-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60091-X google scholar
  • Luu, T. A., Nguyen, A. T., Trinh, Q. A., Pham, V. T., Le, B. B., Nguyen, D. T., Hoang, Q. N., Pham, H. T. T., Nguyen, T. K., Luu, V. N., & Hens, L. (2019). Farmers’ intention to climate change adaptation in agriculture in the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve (Vietnam): a combination of structural equation modeling (SEM) and protection motivation theory (PMT). Sustainability, 11(10), 2993. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102993 google scholar
  • Maddux, J. E., & Rogers, R. W. (1983). Protection motivation and self-efficacy: a revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(5), 469-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(83)90023-9 google scholar
  • Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Calvo, E., Priyadarshi, B., Shukla, R., Ferrat, M., Haughey, E., Luz, S., Neogi, S., Pathak, M., Petzold, J., Pereira, J. P., Vyas, P., Huntley, E., Kissick, K., Belkacemi, M., & Malley, J. (2019). Climate Change and Land. Retrieved from United Nations, International Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf google scholar
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., & Higginbotham, N. (1995). Predicting low-fat diet intentions and behaviors for the prevention of coronary heart disease: An application of protection motivation theory among an Australian population. Psychology & Health, 10(5), 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449508401959 google scholar
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., & Higginbotham, N. (2002). Protection motivation theory and exercise behaviour change for the prevention of coronary heart disease in a high-risk, Australian representative community sample of adults. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 7(1), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500120101586 google scholar
  • Plotnikoff, R. C., & Trinh, L. (2010). Protection motivation theory: Is this a worthwhile theory for physical activity promotion? Exercise Sport Science Reviews, 38(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181d49612 google scholar
  • Rainear, A. M., & Christensen, J. L. (2017). Protection motivation theory as an explanatory framework for proenvironmental behavioral intentions. Communication Research Reports, 34(3), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2017.1286472 google scholar
  • Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2006). A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.). New Jersey, Routledge. google scholar
  • Regasa, D. T., & Akirso, N. A. (2019). Determinants of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies: an application of protection motivation theory in Konta District, South Western Ethiopia. European Review of Applied Sociology, 12(19), 49-73. https://doi.org/10.1515/eras-2019-0010 google scholar
  • Rogelj, J., Meinshausen, M., Schaeffer, M., Knutti, R., & Riahi, K. (2015). Impact of short-lived non-CO2 mitigation on carbon budgets for stabilizing global warming. Environmental Research Letters, 10(7), 075001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/075001 google scholar
  • Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change1. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803 google scholar
  • Ruan, W., Kang, S., & Song, H. J. (2020). Applying protection motivation theory to understand international tourists’ behavioural intentions under the threat of air pollution: a case of Beijing, China. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(16), 2027-2041. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1743242 google scholar
  • Shafiei, A.,& Maleksaeidi, H. (2020). Pro-environmental behavior of university students: Application of protection motivation theory. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00908 google scholar
  • Tang, J. S., & Feng, J. Y. (2018). Residents’ disaster preparedness after the Meinong Taiwan earthquake: A test of protection motivation theory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/jerph15071434 google scholar
  • Th0gersen, J., & Gr0nh0j, A. (2010). Electricity saving in households—A social cognitive approach. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7732-7743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.025 google scholar
  • World Health Organization. (2015). WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change-Sign the call. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news/item/06-10-2015-who-calls-for-urgent-action-to-protect-health-from-climate-change-sign-the-call. google scholar
  • Zhao, G., Cavusgil, E., & Zhao, Y. (2016). A protection motivation explanation of base-of-pyramid consumers’ environmental sustainability. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.12.003 google scholar
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları, Sosyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Furkan Onur Usluer 0000-0002-3882-0536

Onur Barca 0000-0001-7339-3683

Sedat Karakaya 0000-0003-1050-8636

Fırat Demir 0000-0002-2355-3236

Nuran Bayram Arlı 0000-0001-5492-184X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 68

Kaynak Göster

APA Usluer, F. O., Barca, O., Karakaya, S., Demir, F., vd. (2023). Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change with Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Economy Culture and Society(68), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1300199
AMA Usluer FO, Barca O, Karakaya S, Demir F, Bayram Arlı N. Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change with Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. Aralık 2023;(68):85-96. doi:10.26650/JECS2023-1300199
Chicago Usluer, Furkan Onur, Onur Barca, Sedat Karakaya, Fırat Demir, ve Nuran Bayram Arlı. “Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change With Protection Motivation Theory”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 68 (Aralık 2023): 85-96. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1300199.
EndNote Usluer FO, Barca O, Karakaya S, Demir F, Bayram Arlı N (01 Aralık 2023) Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change with Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 68 85–96.
IEEE F. O. Usluer, O. Barca, S. Karakaya, F. Demir, ve N. Bayram Arlı, “Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change with Protection Motivation Theory”, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 68, ss. 85–96, Aralık 2023, doi: 10.26650/JECS2023-1300199.
ISNAD Usluer, Furkan Onur vd. “Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change With Protection Motivation Theory”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 68 (Aralık 2023), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2023-1300199.
JAMA Usluer FO, Barca O, Karakaya S, Demir F, Bayram Arlı N. Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change with Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2023;:85–96.
MLA Usluer, Furkan Onur vd. “Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change With Protection Motivation Theory”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, sy. 68, 2023, ss. 85-96, doi:10.26650/JECS2023-1300199.
Vancouver Usluer FO, Barca O, Karakaya S, Demir F, Bayram Arlı N. Explanation of Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change with Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2023(68):85-96.
 Kapak Resmi İndir