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Türkiye'de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımında Medeni Durum Farklılıkları: Doğrusal Olmayan Ayrıştırma Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 14 - 29, 27.12.2021

Öz

Bu çalışma, çalışma çağındaki evli ve evli olmayan kadınların işgücüne katılım olasılıkları arasındaki farklılıkları ve aralarındaki işgücüne katılım farkını incelemektedir. 2018 yılı Türkiye Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi verilerini kullanan bu çalışmada, probit modeli tahmin edilmekte ve doğrusal olmayan ayrıştırma yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Bilgim çerçevesinde bu çalışma, işgücüne katılım farkını doğrusal olmayan ayrıştırma yöntemiyle ele alan ilk çalışmadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, evli ve evli olmayan kadınlar arasında, evli olmayan kadınlar lehine, %14'lük bir işgücüne katılım farkı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Doğrusal olmayan ayrıştırma bulguları ise evli ve evli olmayan kadınların yaş, eğitim, hanenin ekonomik durumu ve hanehalkı demografik özellikleri bakımından aynı koşullara sahip olmaları durumunda, aralarındaki işgücüne katılım farkının %96,92'sinin ortadan kalkacağını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, işgücüne katılım farkının arttıran belirleyicileri tespit ederek, işgücüne katılım farkını azaltmak ve evli kadınların ekonomiye katılımını artırmak için politikalar geliştirmeye yardımcı olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Baslevent, C., & Onaran, O. (2003). Are Married Women in Turkey More Likely to Become Added or Discouraged Workers? Labour, 17(3): 439–458.
  • Blinder, A. S. (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. Source: The Journal of Human Resources, 8(4): 436–455.
  • Chin, S. H. (1995). The Determinants and Patterns of Married Women’s Labor Force Participation in Korea. Korea Journal of Population and Development, 24(1): 95–129.
  • Contreras, D., & Plaza, G. (2010). Cultural Factors in Women’s Labor Force Participation in Chile. Feminist Economics, 16(2): 27–46.
  • Dayioglu, M., & Kirdar, M. G. (2010). Determinants of and trends in labor force participation of women in Turkey. State Planning Organization of the Republic of Turkey and World Bank, Welfare and Social Policy Analytical Work Program, Working Paper Number 5.
  • Diwan, I., & Vartanova, I. (2017). The Effect of Patriarchal Culture on Women’s Labor Force Participation. Working Paper Series No. 1101.
  • Gedikli, C. (2014). Female Labour Supply in Turkey: Do Traditional Gender Roles Matter? In 33rd IARIW General Conference (pp. 1–47). Netherlands.
  • Goksel, I. (2013). Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: The Role of Conservatism. Women’s Studies International Forum, 41: 45–54.
  • Ilkkaracan, I. (2012). Why so Few Women in the Labor Market in Turkey? Feminist Economics, 18(1): 1–37.
  • Ince, M., & Demir, M. H. (2006). The Determinants of Female Labor Force: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(1): 71–90.
  • Kasnakoglu, Z., & Dayioglu, M. (1997). Female Labor Force Participation and Earnings Differentials Between Genders in Turkey. In J. M. Rives & M. Yousefi (Eds.), Economic Dimensions of Gender Inequality: A Global Perspective (1st ed., pp. 95–117). United States of America: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Komuryakan, F., & Yilgor, M. (2021). Has the gender wage gap narrowed or widened in a decade? Some recent evidence from the Turkish labor market. Journal of Applied Microeconometrics, 1(1): 1–17.
  • Lee, B. S., Jang, S., & Sarkar, J. (2008). Women’s labor force participation and marriage: The case of Korea. Journal of Asian Economics, 19(2): 138–154.
  • Mincer, J. (1962). Labor Force Participation of Married Women: A Study of Labor Supply. In Aspects of Labor Economics (pp. 63–105). Princeton University Press.
  • Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3): 693–709.
  • Ozar, S., & Gunluk-Senesen, G. (1998). Determinants of Female (Non-) Participation in the Urban Labour Force in Turkey. METU Studies in Development, 25(2): 311–328.
  • Palaz, S. (2010). Women’s Labour Force Participation in Turkey. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 50: 591–606.
  • Petrakis, I. (2021). Determinants of female labour force participation: Evidence from Greece. Labour, 1-30.
  • Pregibon, D. (1980). Goodness of Link Tests for Generalized Linear Models. Applied Statistics, 29(1): 15–23.
  • Pritchett, J., & Yun, M. S. (2009). The in-hospital mortality rates of slaves and freemen: Evidence from Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1855-1860. Explorations in Economic History, 46(2): 241–252.
  • Tansel, A. (2002). Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Time-series Evidence and Cross-province Estimates. ERF. 1-59.
  • Varol, F. (2017). The Determinants of Labor Force Participation of Women In Turkey: A Binary Logit Analysis. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(2): 92–108.
  • Verick, S. (2014). Female labor force participation in developing countries. IZA World of Labor, 1–10.
  • Xiao, S., & Asadullah, M. N. (2020). Social Norms and Gender Differences in Labor Force Participation in China. Feminist Economics, 26(4): 114–148.
  • Yun, M. S. (2004). Decomposing differences in the first moment. Economics Letters, 82(2): 275–280.
  • Yun, M. S. (2005a). A simple solution to the identification problem in detailed wage decompositions. Economic Inquiry, 43(4): 766–772.
  • Yun, M. S. (2005b). Normalized Equation and Decomposition Analysis: Computation and Inference. Bonn, Germany: The Institute for the Study and Labor (IZA).
  • Yun, M. S. (2008). Identification Problem and Detailed Oaxaca Decomposition: A General Solution and Inference. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 33(1): 27-38.

Marital Status Differences in Women’s Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Nonlinear Decomposition Approach

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 14 - 29, 27.12.2021

Öz

The present study investigates the differences in the likelihood of prime working-age married and unmarried women's labor force participation and examines the labor force participation gap between them. Using Turkish Household Budget Survey data of 2018, this study estimates the probit model and employs a nonlinear decomposition method. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study to address the labor force participation gap via the nonlinear decomposition method. The findings suggest that there is a 14% labor force participation gap between married and unmarried women in favor of unmarried women. Furthermore, nonlinear decomposition findings reveal that if the married and unmarried women had the same characteristics in terms of age, education, household economic status, and household demographic characteristics, 96.92% of the labor force participation gap between them would have disappeared. By understanding the driving forces behind the labor force participation gap, this study may help to develop policies to reduce the gap and increase married women’s involvement in the economy.

Kaynakça

  • Baslevent, C., & Onaran, O. (2003). Are Married Women in Turkey More Likely to Become Added or Discouraged Workers? Labour, 17(3): 439–458.
  • Blinder, A. S. (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. Source: The Journal of Human Resources, 8(4): 436–455.
  • Chin, S. H. (1995). The Determinants and Patterns of Married Women’s Labor Force Participation in Korea. Korea Journal of Population and Development, 24(1): 95–129.
  • Contreras, D., & Plaza, G. (2010). Cultural Factors in Women’s Labor Force Participation in Chile. Feminist Economics, 16(2): 27–46.
  • Dayioglu, M., & Kirdar, M. G. (2010). Determinants of and trends in labor force participation of women in Turkey. State Planning Organization of the Republic of Turkey and World Bank, Welfare and Social Policy Analytical Work Program, Working Paper Number 5.
  • Diwan, I., & Vartanova, I. (2017). The Effect of Patriarchal Culture on Women’s Labor Force Participation. Working Paper Series No. 1101.
  • Gedikli, C. (2014). Female Labour Supply in Turkey: Do Traditional Gender Roles Matter? In 33rd IARIW General Conference (pp. 1–47). Netherlands.
  • Goksel, I. (2013). Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: The Role of Conservatism. Women’s Studies International Forum, 41: 45–54.
  • Ilkkaracan, I. (2012). Why so Few Women in the Labor Market in Turkey? Feminist Economics, 18(1): 1–37.
  • Ince, M., & Demir, M. H. (2006). The Determinants of Female Labor Force: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(1): 71–90.
  • Kasnakoglu, Z., & Dayioglu, M. (1997). Female Labor Force Participation and Earnings Differentials Between Genders in Turkey. In J. M. Rives & M. Yousefi (Eds.), Economic Dimensions of Gender Inequality: A Global Perspective (1st ed., pp. 95–117). United States of America: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Komuryakan, F., & Yilgor, M. (2021). Has the gender wage gap narrowed or widened in a decade? Some recent evidence from the Turkish labor market. Journal of Applied Microeconometrics, 1(1): 1–17.
  • Lee, B. S., Jang, S., & Sarkar, J. (2008). Women’s labor force participation and marriage: The case of Korea. Journal of Asian Economics, 19(2): 138–154.
  • Mincer, J. (1962). Labor Force Participation of Married Women: A Study of Labor Supply. In Aspects of Labor Economics (pp. 63–105). Princeton University Press.
  • Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3): 693–709.
  • Ozar, S., & Gunluk-Senesen, G. (1998). Determinants of Female (Non-) Participation in the Urban Labour Force in Turkey. METU Studies in Development, 25(2): 311–328.
  • Palaz, S. (2010). Women’s Labour Force Participation in Turkey. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 50: 591–606.
  • Petrakis, I. (2021). Determinants of female labour force participation: Evidence from Greece. Labour, 1-30.
  • Pregibon, D. (1980). Goodness of Link Tests for Generalized Linear Models. Applied Statistics, 29(1): 15–23.
  • Pritchett, J., & Yun, M. S. (2009). The in-hospital mortality rates of slaves and freemen: Evidence from Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1855-1860. Explorations in Economic History, 46(2): 241–252.
  • Tansel, A. (2002). Economic Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Time-series Evidence and Cross-province Estimates. ERF. 1-59.
  • Varol, F. (2017). The Determinants of Labor Force Participation of Women In Turkey: A Binary Logit Analysis. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(2): 92–108.
  • Verick, S. (2014). Female labor force participation in developing countries. IZA World of Labor, 1–10.
  • Xiao, S., & Asadullah, M. N. (2020). Social Norms and Gender Differences in Labor Force Participation in China. Feminist Economics, 26(4): 114–148.
  • Yun, M. S. (2004). Decomposing differences in the first moment. Economics Letters, 82(2): 275–280.
  • Yun, M. S. (2005a). A simple solution to the identification problem in detailed wage decompositions. Economic Inquiry, 43(4): 766–772.
  • Yun, M. S. (2005b). Normalized Equation and Decomposition Analysis: Computation and Inference. Bonn, Germany: The Institute for the Study and Labor (IZA).
  • Yun, M. S. (2008). Identification Problem and Detailed Oaxaca Decomposition: A General Solution and Inference. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 33(1): 27-38.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi, İstatistik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Fulden Kömüryakan 0000-0002-4034-513X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kömüryakan, F. (2021). Marital Status Differences in Women’s Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Nonlinear Decomposition Approach. İstatistik Araştırma Dergisi, 11(2), 14-29.