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THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 20, 223 - 243, 31.12.2020

Öz

Crew Resource Management (CRM) is one of the key global aviation endeavors to reduce the number of accidents aiming a safe and efficient worldwide air transportation. Knowing that aviation authorities as well as ICAO have shown numerous efforts in this respect since the 1970s. It is essential to comprehend if those aviators’ attempts have been adequate or not. This paper questions the effectiveness of worldwide CRM efforts by making an unbiased comparison between the accident rates within predefined time periods of CRM and naming them as phases of its evolution and the efforts shown for development. The study is aimed to define the CRM concept by dividing into five stages and making the analysis of the accident and incident rates according to these stages. The results of this study indicate that continuous CRM development has improved worldwide air transport safety throughout the years. The main focus should be on better equipped and trained pilots by enhancing their linguistic performance in operational procedures.

Kaynakça

  • Alkov, R. (1989). The U. S. naval aircrew coordination training program, In International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5 th, Columbus, OH, 483-488.
  • An official website of the European Union, Retrieved Apr 8, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/air/ses_en
  • Authority-JAA. (2002). Flight crew training: cockpit resource management (CRM) and line-oriented flight training (LOFT), CAP 720.
  • Authority-FAA. (2004). Advisory Circular, Crew Resource Management Training, AC No: 120-51E.
  • Barbe, J., Chatrenet, N., Mollard, R. (Eds). (2012, October). Physical ergonomics approach for touch screen interaction in an aircraft cockpit, In Proceedings of the 2012 Conference on Ergonomie et Interaction homme-machine, 9-16.
  • Bennett, S. A. (2019). “Aviation crew resource management–a critical appraisal, in the tradition of reflective practice, informed by flight and cabin crew feedback”, Journal of Risk Research, 22(11), 1357-1373.
  • Bennett, S. A. (2018). “Pilot workload and fatigue on short-haul routes: an evaluation supported by instantaneous self-assessment and ethnography”, Journal of Risk Research, 21(5), 645-677.
  • Biostat Handbook. Retrieved May 4, 2020, Retrieved From https://www.biostathandbook.com/fishers.html
  • Bridger, R. S. (2018). Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 4th Edition. Boca Raton, FL, USA. CRC Press.
  • Cooper W. A. & Saunders, C. P. (1980). “Winter storms over the San Juan Mountains. Part II: microphysical processes”, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 19(8), 927-941.
  • Flin, R., O’Connor, P. & Mearns, K. (2002). Crew resource management: improving team work in high reliability industries, Team performance management: an international journal.
  • Gerede, E. (2015). “A study of challenges to the success of the safety management system in aircraft maintenance organizations in Turkey”, Safety science, 73, 106-116. Helander, M. (2005). A guide to human factors and ergonomics, CRC press.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C. & Wilhelm, J. A. (1999). “The evolution of crew resource management training in commercial aviation”, The international journal of aviation psychology, 9(1), 19-32.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (2000). “On error management: lessons from aviation”, Bmj, 320(7237), 781-785.
  • Helmreich, R. L. & Foushee, H. C. (2010). Why CRM? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training, In Crew resource management (pp. 3-57), Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R., Anca, J. & Kanki, B. G. (2010). The future of CRM, In Crew Resource Management (pp. 493-500). Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R. L. & Merritt, A. C. (2017, November). 11 Safety and error management: The role of crew resource management, In Aviation Resource Management: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation, Psychology Symposium: v. 1: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium. Routledge.
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. (2013). Annex 19 Safety management.
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved Apr 10, 2020, from https://www.icao.int/safety/Pages/default.aspx
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved Apr 10, 2020, from https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Pages/Tools.aspx
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. (2013). Safety Management Manual (SMM), ICAO Doc 9859, third edition, 2013.
  • IEA. International Ergonomics Association. Retrieved Apr 2, 2020, from www.iea.cc
  • Jimenez, C., Kasper, K., Rivera, J., Talone, A. B. & Jentsch, F. (2015, September). Crew Resource Management (CRM) What Aviation Can Learn From the Application of CRM in Other Domains, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 946-950), Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Laerd Statistics. Retrieved Mar 29, 2020, from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/kruskal-wallis-h-test-using-spss-statistics.php
  • Lauber, J. K. (1984). “Resource management in the cockpit”, Airline pilot, 53, 20-23.
  • MEDCALC® easy-to-use statistical software. (2013). MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium. Retrieved Mar 27, 2020, from https://www.medcalc.org.
  • Merritt, A. & Helmreich, R. L. (1996). Creating and sustaining a safety culture - Some practical strategies (in aviation), Applied aviation psychology-Achievement, change and challenge, 20-26.
  • Moffatt-Bruce, S. D., Hefner, J. L., Mekhjian, H. (Eds). (2017). “What is the return on investment for implementation of a crew resource management program at an academic medical center?”, American Journal of Medical Quality, 32(1), 5-11.
  • Moray, N. (2008). “The good, the bad, and the future: On the archaeology of ergonomics”, Human factors, 50(3), 411-417.
  • Muñoz-Marrón, D. (2018). “Factores Humanos En Aviación: CRM (Crew Resource Management-Gestión De Recursos De La Tripulación) Human Factors In Aviation: CRM (Crew Resource Management)”, Papeles del Psicólogo, 39(3), 191-199.
  • NTSB. National Transport Safety Board. Retrieved Mar 27, 2020, from https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/AccidentReports.aspx Plane Crash Info Accident Database. Retrieved Mar 29, 2020, from https://www.planecrashinfo.com/database.htm
  • Reason, J. (2002). “Combating omission errors through task analysis and good reminders”, BMJ Quality & Safety, 11(1), 40-44. Reason, J. (2000). “Human error: models and management”, Bmj, 320(7237), 768-770.
  • Salas E., Fowlkes, J. E., Stout, R. J. (Eds). (1999). “Does CRM training improve teamwork skills in the cockpit?: Two evaluation studies”, Human Factors, 41(2), 326-343. Salas E., Burke C. S., Bowers, C. A. (Eds). (2001). “Team training in the skies: does crew resource management (CRM) training work?”, Human factors, 43(4), 641-674.
  • Salas, E., Maurino, D. & Curtis M. (2010). Human factors in aviation: an overview, In Human factors in aviation (pp. 3-19). Academic Press.
  • Sexton J. B. & Helmreich, R. L. (2000). “Analyzing cockpit communications: the links between language, performance, error, and workload”, Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 5(1), 63-68.
  • Shappell, S., Detwiler, C., Holcomb, K. (Eds). (2006). Human error and commercial aviation accidents: A comprehensive, fine-grained analysis using HFACS.
  • Statistics By Jim Making Statistics Intuative. Retrieved Mar 29, 2020, from https://statisticsbyjim.com/anova/post-hoc-tests-anova/
  • Statistics How To. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/chi-square/
  • Statistics How To. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from https://www.statisticshowto.com/shapiro-wilk-test/
  • van Nood, E., Vrieze, A. & Nieuwdorp, M. (Eds). (2013). “Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile”, New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 407-415.
  • Wagener F. & Ison, D. C. (2014). “Crew resource management application in commercial aviation”, Journal of aviation technology and engineering, 3(2), 2.
  • Wahl, A. M. & Kongsvik, T. (2018). “Crew resource management training in the maritime industry: a literature review”, WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 17(3), 377-396.
  • Wiener, E. L., Kanki, B. G. & Helmreich, R. L. (Eds). (2010). Crew resource management, Academic Press.

1979 YILI BAŞLANGIÇ DÖNEMİNDEN İTİBAREN EKİP KAYNAK YÖNETİMİ (CRM) İLE SİVİL HAVACILIK KAZA VE OLAYLARININ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 20, 223 - 243, 31.12.2020

Öz

Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi (EKY), dünya çapında emniyetli ve verimli bir hava taşımacılığını hedefleyen kaza sayısını azaltmaya yönelik kilit küresel havacılık çabalarından biridir. Havacılık otoritelerinin ve ICAO'nun bu konuda 1970'lerden beri sayısız çaba gösterdiğini bilerek. Bu havacıların girişimlerinin yeterli olup olmadığını anlamak önemlidir. Bu makale, CRM'nin önceden tanımlanmış zaman periyotları içindeki kaza oranları arasında tarafsız bir karşılaştırma yaparak ve bunları evrim aşamaları ve geliştirme için gösterilen çabalar olarak adlandırarak dünya çapındaki CRM çabalarının etkinliğini sorgulamaktadır. Çalışma, CRM kavramını beş aşamaya ayırarak ve bu aşamalara göre kaza ve olay oranlarının analizini yaparak tanımlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, sürekli CRM gelişiminin yıllar boyunca dünya çapında hava taşımacılığı emniyetini arttırdığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmanın temel odak noktası daha iyi donanıma sahip ve eğitimli pilotlar yetiştirerek, operasyonel prosedürlerle birlikte dil performansının geliştirilmesi şeklinde ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alkov, R. (1989). The U. S. naval aircrew coordination training program, In International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5 th, Columbus, OH, 483-488.
  • An official website of the European Union, Retrieved Apr 8, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/air/ses_en
  • Authority-JAA. (2002). Flight crew training: cockpit resource management (CRM) and line-oriented flight training (LOFT), CAP 720.
  • Authority-FAA. (2004). Advisory Circular, Crew Resource Management Training, AC No: 120-51E.
  • Barbe, J., Chatrenet, N., Mollard, R. (Eds). (2012, October). Physical ergonomics approach for touch screen interaction in an aircraft cockpit, In Proceedings of the 2012 Conference on Ergonomie et Interaction homme-machine, 9-16.
  • Bennett, S. A. (2019). “Aviation crew resource management–a critical appraisal, in the tradition of reflective practice, informed by flight and cabin crew feedback”, Journal of Risk Research, 22(11), 1357-1373.
  • Bennett, S. A. (2018). “Pilot workload and fatigue on short-haul routes: an evaluation supported by instantaneous self-assessment and ethnography”, Journal of Risk Research, 21(5), 645-677.
  • Biostat Handbook. Retrieved May 4, 2020, Retrieved From https://www.biostathandbook.com/fishers.html
  • Bridger, R. S. (2018). Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 4th Edition. Boca Raton, FL, USA. CRC Press.
  • Cooper W. A. & Saunders, C. P. (1980). “Winter storms over the San Juan Mountains. Part II: microphysical processes”, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 19(8), 927-941.
  • Flin, R., O’Connor, P. & Mearns, K. (2002). Crew resource management: improving team work in high reliability industries, Team performance management: an international journal.
  • Gerede, E. (2015). “A study of challenges to the success of the safety management system in aircraft maintenance organizations in Turkey”, Safety science, 73, 106-116. Helander, M. (2005). A guide to human factors and ergonomics, CRC press.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C. & Wilhelm, J. A. (1999). “The evolution of crew resource management training in commercial aviation”, The international journal of aviation psychology, 9(1), 19-32.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (2000). “On error management: lessons from aviation”, Bmj, 320(7237), 781-785.
  • Helmreich, R. L. & Foushee, H. C. (2010). Why CRM? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training, In Crew resource management (pp. 3-57), Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R., Anca, J. & Kanki, B. G. (2010). The future of CRM, In Crew Resource Management (pp. 493-500). Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R. L. & Merritt, A. C. (2017, November). 11 Safety and error management: The role of crew resource management, In Aviation Resource Management: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation, Psychology Symposium: v. 1: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium. Routledge.
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. (2013). Annex 19 Safety management.
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved Apr 10, 2020, from https://www.icao.int/safety/Pages/default.aspx
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved Apr 10, 2020, from https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Pages/Tools.aspx
  • ICAO. International Civil Aviation Organization. (2013). Safety Management Manual (SMM), ICAO Doc 9859, third edition, 2013.
  • IEA. International Ergonomics Association. Retrieved Apr 2, 2020, from www.iea.cc
  • Jimenez, C., Kasper, K., Rivera, J., Talone, A. B. & Jentsch, F. (2015, September). Crew Resource Management (CRM) What Aviation Can Learn From the Application of CRM in Other Domains, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 946-950), Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Laerd Statistics. Retrieved Mar 29, 2020, from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/kruskal-wallis-h-test-using-spss-statistics.php
  • Lauber, J. K. (1984). “Resource management in the cockpit”, Airline pilot, 53, 20-23.
  • MEDCALC® easy-to-use statistical software. (2013). MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium. Retrieved Mar 27, 2020, from https://www.medcalc.org.
  • Merritt, A. & Helmreich, R. L. (1996). Creating and sustaining a safety culture - Some practical strategies (in aviation), Applied aviation psychology-Achievement, change and challenge, 20-26.
  • Moffatt-Bruce, S. D., Hefner, J. L., Mekhjian, H. (Eds). (2017). “What is the return on investment for implementation of a crew resource management program at an academic medical center?”, American Journal of Medical Quality, 32(1), 5-11.
  • Moray, N. (2008). “The good, the bad, and the future: On the archaeology of ergonomics”, Human factors, 50(3), 411-417.
  • Muñoz-Marrón, D. (2018). “Factores Humanos En Aviación: CRM (Crew Resource Management-Gestión De Recursos De La Tripulación) Human Factors In Aviation: CRM (Crew Resource Management)”, Papeles del Psicólogo, 39(3), 191-199.
  • NTSB. National Transport Safety Board. Retrieved Mar 27, 2020, from https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/AccidentReports.aspx Plane Crash Info Accident Database. Retrieved Mar 29, 2020, from https://www.planecrashinfo.com/database.htm
  • Reason, J. (2002). “Combating omission errors through task analysis and good reminders”, BMJ Quality & Safety, 11(1), 40-44. Reason, J. (2000). “Human error: models and management”, Bmj, 320(7237), 768-770.
  • Salas E., Fowlkes, J. E., Stout, R. J. (Eds). (1999). “Does CRM training improve teamwork skills in the cockpit?: Two evaluation studies”, Human Factors, 41(2), 326-343. Salas E., Burke C. S., Bowers, C. A. (Eds). (2001). “Team training in the skies: does crew resource management (CRM) training work?”, Human factors, 43(4), 641-674.
  • Salas, E., Maurino, D. & Curtis M. (2010). Human factors in aviation: an overview, In Human factors in aviation (pp. 3-19). Academic Press.
  • Sexton J. B. & Helmreich, R. L. (2000). “Analyzing cockpit communications: the links between language, performance, error, and workload”, Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 5(1), 63-68.
  • Shappell, S., Detwiler, C., Holcomb, K. (Eds). (2006). Human error and commercial aviation accidents: A comprehensive, fine-grained analysis using HFACS.
  • Statistics By Jim Making Statistics Intuative. Retrieved Mar 29, 2020, from https://statisticsbyjim.com/anova/post-hoc-tests-anova/
  • Statistics How To. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/chi-square/
  • Statistics How To. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from https://www.statisticshowto.com/shapiro-wilk-test/
  • van Nood, E., Vrieze, A. & Nieuwdorp, M. (Eds). (2013). “Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile”, New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 407-415.
  • Wagener F. & Ison, D. C. (2014). “Crew resource management application in commercial aviation”, Journal of aviation technology and engineering, 3(2), 2.
  • Wahl, A. M. & Kongsvik, T. (2018). “Crew resource management training in the maritime industry: a literature review”, WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 17(3), 377-396.
  • Wiener, E. L., Kanki, B. G. & Helmreich, R. L. (Eds). (2010). Crew resource management, Academic Press.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tüzün Tolga İnan 0000-0002-5937-9217

Cengiz Mesut Bükeç 0000-0002-2891-6470

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 20

Kaynak Göster

APA İnan, T. T., & Bükeç, C. M. (2020). THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(20), 223-243.
AMA İnan TT, Bükeç CM. THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979. KTÜSBD. Aralık 2020;10(20):223-243.
Chicago İnan, Tüzün Tolga, ve Cengiz Mesut Bükeç. “THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10, sy. 20 (Aralık 2020): 223-43.
EndNote İnan TT, Bükeç CM (01 Aralık 2020) THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10 20 223–243.
IEEE T. T. İnan ve C. M. Bükeç, “THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979”, KTÜSBD, c. 10, sy. 20, ss. 223–243, 2020.
ISNAD İnan, Tüzün Tolga - Bükeç, Cengiz Mesut. “THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10/20 (Aralık 2020), 223-243.
JAMA İnan TT, Bükeç CM. THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979. KTÜSBD. 2020;10:223–243.
MLA İnan, Tüzün Tolga ve Cengiz Mesut Bükeç. “THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 20, 2020, ss. 223-4.
Vancouver İnan TT, Bükeç CM. THE ANALYSIS OF CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS WITH CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) SINCE THE BEGINNING YEAR OF 1979. KTÜSBD. 2020;10(20):223-4.

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