Araştırma Makalesi
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Çocuklukta Yaşanan Duygusal İhmal ile İş Yaşamında Yalnızlığın Arasındaki İlişkide Tükenmişliğin Aracılık Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 467 - 480, 31.10.2023

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, çocuklukta duygusal ihmal yaşamış bireylerin, yetişkinlikte iş yaşamında yaşadıkları yalnızlık ilişkisinde tükenmişliğin aracılık rolünün bir model aracılığı ile test edilmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde çalışan 410 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma için katılımcılara anket yönteminden yararlanılarak tesadüfî olmayan kartopu yöntemi ile anket formu ulaştırılmıştır. Toplanan verilere, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA), Pearson korelasyon analizi ve AMOS programı ile yapısal eşitlik modeli analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, duygusal ihmalle, tükenmişlik ve iş yaşamında yalnızlık (sosyal arkadaşlık ve duygusal yoksunluk boyutları) değişkenleri arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Ayrıca duygusal ihmal ile iş yerinde sosyal arkadaşlık arasındaki ilişkide tükenmişliğin aracılık etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yine araştırma sonuçları; 18-24 yaş aralığında bulunan katılımcıların 45 ve üzeri yaş aralığında bulunan katılımcılara göre ve bekar katılımcıların evli katılımcılara göre kendilerini daha tükenmiş hissettiklerini göstermektedir. Son olarak bulgular, duygusal ihmal, iş yaşamında yalnızlık ve tükenmişlik literatürü bağlamında tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

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  • Aşık, N. A. (2016). İş yerinde yalnızlığın tükenmişlik üzerine etkisi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 4(3), 366-384.
  • Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., & Ruggiero, J. (1995). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(10), 1535-1537. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
  • Bogdan, R., Williamson, D. E., & Hariri, A. R. (2012). Mineralocorticoid receptor iso/val (rs5522) genotype moderates the association between previous childhood emotional neglect and amygdala reactivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(5), 515-522. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060855
  • Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 991-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.991
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  • Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18, 621-656, https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.9402210153
  • De Jong Gierveld, J., Keating, N., & Fast, J. (2015). Determinants of loneliness among older adults in Canada. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 34(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980815000070
  • Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hox, J. (2009). Present but sick: A three‐wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout, Career Development International, 14(1), 50-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910933574.
  • Doğan, A., Demir, R., & Türkmen, E. (2016). Rol belirsizliğinin, rol çatışmasının ve sosyal desteğin tükenmişliğe etkisi: Devlet ve vakıf üniversitelerinde çalışan akademik personelin tükenmişlik düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 30(1), 37-67.
  • Doğan, T., Çetin, B., & Sungur, M. Z. (2009). İş Yaşamında Yalnızlık Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10, 271-277.
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  • Gemalmaz, H. B. (2005). Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde ve Türk hukukunda çocuğun bedensel cezaya karşı korunması. Legal Yayıncılık.
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The Mediating Effect of Burnout in the Relationship Between Emotional Neglect in Childhood and Loneliness at Work

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 467 - 480, 31.10.2023

Öz

The aim of the study is to test the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between individuals who experienced emotional neglect in childhood and the loneliness they experience at work in adulthood through a model. The study sample consists of 410 participants working in companies operating in Turkey. For the research, a questionnaire form was delivered to the participants by non-random snowball method using the questionnaire method. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation model analysis with AMOS program were applied to the collected data. According to study’s findings, there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional neglect and burnout and loneliness at work (social friendship and emotional deprivation dimensions). In addition, it was concluded that burnout has a mediating effect on the relationship between emotional neglect and social friendship at work. Again, the results of the study show that participants between the ages of 18-24 feel more burned out than participants between the ages of 45 and over and single participants feel more burned out than married participants. Finally, the findings were discussed in the context of emotional neglect, loneliness in work life and burnout literature and recommendations were made.

Kaynakça

  • Ahola, K., Toppinen-Tanner, S., Huuhtanen, P., Koskinen, A., & Väänänen, A. (2009). Occupational burnout and chronic work disability: an eight-year cohort study on pensioning among Finnish forest industry workers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 115(1-2), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.09.021
  • Aral, N., & Gürsoy, F. (2001). Çocuk hakları çerçevesinde çocuk ihmal ve istismarı. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 151(5), 27-54.
  • Aşık, N. A. (2016). İş yerinde yalnızlığın tükenmişlik üzerine etkisi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 4(3), 366-384.
  • Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., & Ruggiero, J. (1995). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(10), 1535-1537. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
  • Bogdan, R., Williamson, D. E., & Hariri, A. R. (2012). Mineralocorticoid receptor iso/val (rs5522) genotype moderates the association between previous childhood emotional neglect and amygdala reactivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(5), 515-522. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060855
  • Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 991-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.991
  • Cacioppo, J., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. WW Norton & Company.
  • Clarke, S. (2015). Emotional abuse and emotional neglect in childhood: Subtypes, ecological correlates, and developmental tasks of emerging adulthood [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota.
  • Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18, 621-656, https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.9402210153
  • De Jong Gierveld, J., Keating, N., & Fast, J. (2015). Determinants of loneliness among older adults in Canada. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 34(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980815000070
  • Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hox, J. (2009). Present but sick: A three‐wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout, Career Development International, 14(1), 50-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910933574.
  • Doğan, A., Demir, R., & Türkmen, E. (2016). Rol belirsizliğinin, rol çatışmasının ve sosyal desteğin tükenmişliğe etkisi: Devlet ve vakıf üniversitelerinde çalışan akademik personelin tükenmişlik düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 30(1), 37-67.
  • Doğan, T., Çetin, B., & Sungur, M. Z. (2009). İş Yaşamında Yalnızlık Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10, 271-277.
  • Dolgun, U. (2015). Tükenmişlik sendromu. D. E. Özler (Ed.), Örgütsel davranışta güncel konular içinde (ss. 287-308). Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Egeland, B. (2009). Taking stock: Childhood emotional maltreatment and developmental psychopathology. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.004.
  • Egeland, B., Sroufe, L. A., & Erickson, M. (1983). The developmental consequence of different patterns of maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 7(4), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(83)90053-4
  • Erol, A., Akarca, F., Değerli, V., Sert, E., Delibaş, H., Gülpek, D., & Mete, L. (2012). Acil servis çalışanlarında tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu. Klinik Psikiyatri, 15(2), 103-110.
  • Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
  • Gautam M. (2001). Women in medicine: stresses and solutions. The Western Journal of Medicine, 174(1), 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.174.1.37
  • Gemalmaz, H. B. (2005). Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde ve Türk hukukunda çocuğun bedensel cezaya karşı korunması. Legal Yayıncılık.
  • Ghadi, M. Y. (2017). The impact of workplace spirituality on voluntary turnover intentions through loneliness in work, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 33(1), 81-110. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-03-2016-0005.
  • Gini, A. (1998). Working ourselves to death: Workaholism, stress and fatigue, Business and Society Review, 100/101, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/0045-3609.00012
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  • Gül, T. (2020). Geçmişte çocuk işçiliği deneyimi olan üniversite öğrencilerinin benlik saygılarının ve yaşam doyumlarının öz-belirleme kuramı çerçevesinde araştırılması [Doktora Tezi]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi.
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  • Humphreys, K. L., LeMoult, J., Wear, J. G., Piersiak, H. A., Lee, A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020). Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361
  • Işıkhan, V. (2016). Çalışanlarda tükenmişlik sendromu. M. Gülhan & Ü. Yılmaz (Ed.), Akciğer kanserinde destek tedavisi içinde Akciğer kanserinde destek tedavisi içinde (ss. 366-391), TÜSAD Eğitim Kitapları Serisi.
  • Iwaniec, D. (2006). The emotionally abused and neglected child: Identification, assessment and intervention: A practice handbook. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Jackson, S. E., Schwab, R. L., & Schuler, R. S. (1986). Toward an understanding of the burnout phenomenon. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4), 630-640. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.4.630.
  • Johnson, J. R. (2023). What’s new about quiet quitting (and what’s not). The Transdisciplinary Journal of Management. https://tjm.scholasticahq.com/article/72079-what-s-new-about-quiet-quitting-and-what-s-not
  • Kaçmaz, N. (2005). Tükenmişlik (burnout) sendromu, İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 68, 29-32.
  • Kaya, N., Kaya, H., Ayık, S. E., & Uygur, E. (2010). Bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde tükenmişlik. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 402-419.
  • Kayış, A. (2005). Güvenilirlik analizi. Ş. Kalaycı (Ed.), SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri içinde. Asil Yayınevi.
  • Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 51(6), 706-716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x
  • Lee, H., Song, R., Cho, Y. S., Lee, G. Z., & Daly, B. (2003). A comprehensive model for predicting burnout in Korean nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(5), 534-545. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0309-2402.2003.02837.x
  • Lee, S. W., Bae, G. Y., Rim, H. D., Lee, S. J., Chang, S. M., Kim, B. S., & Won, S. (2018). Mediating effect of resilience on the association between emotional neglect and depressive symptoms. Psychiatry Investigation, 15(1), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2018.15.1.62
  • Maslach, C. (2003). Burnout - The cost of caring. Malor Books.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout, Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach Burnout Inventory: Third edition. In C. P. Zalaquett & R. J. Wood (Eds.), Evaluating stress: A book of resources (pp. 191-218). Scarecrow Education.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397.
  • Masterson, V. (2022). What is quiet quitting?. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/09/tiktok-quiet-quitting-explained/ adresinden 22 Eylül 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Mattila, A. K., Ahola, K., Honkonen, T., Salminen, J. K., Huhtala, H., & Joukamaa, M. (2007). Alexithymia and occupational burnout are strongly associated in working population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62(6), 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.01.002
  • Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E., & Herbison, G. P. (1996). The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: a community study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00112-3.
  • Musetti, A., Grazia, V., Manari, T., Terrone, G., & Corsano, P. (2021). Linking childhood emotional neglect to adolescents’ parent-related loneliness: Self-other differentiation and emotional detachment from parents as mediators. Child Abuse & Neglect, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105338.
  • Nagy, S., & Davis, L. G. (1985). Burnout: A comparative analysis of personality and environmental variables. Psychological Reports, 57, 1319-1326. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3f.1319
  • Noriega, G., Ramos, L., Medina‐Mora, M. E., & Villa, A. R. (2008). Prevalence of codependence in young women seeking primary health care and associated risk factors. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(2), 199-210. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.78.2.199
  • O’hagan, K. (2006). Identifying emotional and psychological abuse: A guide for childcare professionals. Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Öztürk, Y. E. (2020). A theoretical review of burnout sydrome and perspectives on burnout models. Bussecon Review of Social Sciences, 2(4), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.36096/brss.v2i4.235
  • Özyurt, A., Hayran, O., & Sur, H. (2006). Predictors of burnout and job satisfaction among Turkish physicians. Journal of the Association of Physicians, 99(3), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcl019
  • Polat, O. (2007). Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Quick J. C., Cooper C. L., Gibbs P. C., Little L. M., & Nelson D. L. (2010). Positive organizational behavior at work. In G. P. Hodginson & J. P. Ford (Ed.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology, (p. 253-293). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Reinking, K., & Bell, R. A. (1991). Relationships among loneliness, communication competence, and career success in a state bureaucracy: A field study of the ‘lonely at the top’maxim. Communication Quarterly, 39(4), 358-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463379109369812
  • Riethof, N., Bob, P., Laker, M., Zmolikova, J., Jiraskova, T., & Raboch, J., (2020). Alexithymia, traumatic stress symptoms and burnout in female healthcare professionals. Journal of International Medical Research, 48(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519887633
  • Salokangas, R. K., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schmidt, S. J., Pesonen, H., Luutonen, S., Patterson, P., & Hietala, J. (2019). Childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect are specifically associated with adult mental disorders. Journal of Mental Health, 29(4), 376-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1521940
  • Salzmann, S., Salzmann-Djufri, M., & Euteneuer, F. (2022). Childhood emotional neglect and cardiovascular disease: A narrative review. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.815508
  • Schwap, R. L., Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. (1986). Educator burnout: Sources and consequences, Educational Research Quarterly, 10(3), 14-30.
  • Skoryk, Y., (2013). Prevention of teachers’ professional burnout as a way to ımprove the quality of higher education. American Journal of Educational Research. 1(11), 496-504. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-1-11-7
  • Steinberg, A. G., Sullivan, V. J., & Montoya, L. A. (1999). Loneliness and social isolation in the work place for deaf individuals during the transition years: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 30(1), 22-30.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Bakanlığı (2023, Ağustos). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/istihdam
  • Şahin D., Turan F. N., & Alparslan, N. (2008). Devlet hastanesinde çalışan sağlık personelinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi Dergisi, 45, 116-121.
  • Şar, V., Öztürk, E., & İkikardeş, E. (2012). Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlamasının geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 32(4), 1054-1063. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2011-26947
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Taris, T. W. (2006). Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies. Work & Stress, 20(4), 316-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370601065893.
  • Torun, A. (1995). Tükenmişlik, aile yapısı ve sosyal destek ilişkileri üzerine bir inceleme [Doktora Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Wark, M. J., Kruczek, T., ve Boley, A. (2003). Emotional neglect and family structure: impact on student functioning. Child abuse & Neglect, 27(9), 1033-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(03)00162-5
  • Wharton, AS (1993). The affective consequences of service work: Managing emotions on the job. Work and Occupations, 20(2), 205-232. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0730888493020002004
  • Wright, S. L. (2005a). Loneliness in the workplace [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Canterbury.
  • Wright, S. L. (2005b). Organizational climate, social support and loneliness in the workplace. Research on Emotion in Organizations, 1(1), 123-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1746-9791(05)01106-5
  • Wright, S. L., Burt, C. D. B., & Strongman, K. T. (2006). Loneliness in the workplace: Construct definition and scale development. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 59-68.
  • Wright, S., & Silard, A. (2021). Unravelling the antecedents of loneliness in the workplace. Human Relations, 74(7), 1060-1081. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726720906013
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2007). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Detay Yayıncılık.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Örgütsel Davranış
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zeynep Demirgil 0000-0001-6978-5756

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirgil, Z. (2023). Çocuklukta Yaşanan Duygusal İhmal ile İş Yaşamında Yalnızlığın Arasındaki İlişkide Tükenmişliğin Aracılık Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(4), 467-480.