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Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 107 - 124, 26.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.889272

Öz

Bu makalede, sosyalist yönetimlerin yıkılmasından sonraki dönemde, Baltık bölgesinde çekilmiş üç belgesel filmde yoksul ailelerin nasıl tasvir edildiği incelenecektir. Filmler Ewa Borzecka’nın “Trzynastka” / “On Üç” (1996, Polonya), Marat Sargsyan’ın “Tevas” / ”Baba” (2012, Litvanya) ve Andris Gauja’nın “Gimenes lietas” / “Aile İçgüdüsü” (2010, Letonya) eserleridir. Üç film de, bu tasvirler normal olarak kabul edilemeyecek, “Hastalıklı” (Pathological) sayılabilecek bir aile odağında yapılmıştır. Makalenin sunduğu sav ise; film yapımcılarının bu durumu öne çıkarmak suretiyle, devletin vatandaşlarına makul bir yaşam standardı sağlama sorumluluğunu önemsizleştirmeyi amaçladıkları yönündedir.

Kaynakça

  • Barciukiene, D. (2007). “Skurdas Lietuvos kaime: paplitimas, priezastys ir mazinimo budai.” Socialine teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 4: 132–143.
  • Bruzzi, S. (2006). New Documentary. London: Routledge.
  • Fromm, E. (2001). The Sane Society. London: Routledge.
  • Gough, J., Eisenschitz, A. & McCulloch, A. (2005). Spaces of Social Exclusion. London: Routledge.
  • Karel, F. (2017). Statutory Minimum Wages in the EU 2017. Dublin: The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofond). https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/articles/statutory-minimum-wages-in-the-eu-2017 Kersiene, Reda._ 2011. “Skurdas ir jo priezastys Lietuvoje.” Ekonomika ir vadyba 16: 535–542.
  • Ksivickiene, D. (2006). “Skurdo apraiskos Lietuvos kaime.” Zem es u_ kio mokslai 1: 81–91.
  • Lennon, J. & Malcolm F. (2010). Dark Tourism. Andover, Hampshire: Cengage Learning.
  • Lewis, O. (1963). The Children of Sanchez. Autobiography of a Mexican Family. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Lewis, O. (2006). “Culture of Poverty.” In Poor Americans. How the Poor White Live, edited by Marc Pilisuk, and Phyllis Pilisuk. New Jersey: Transaction Books.
  • Lister, R. (2004). Poverty. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Maldeikyte, Z. (2013). “Pokalbis su Maratu Sargsyanu: Jeigu gali nedaryti, geriau nedaryti.” Accessed 26 September 2013. http://kinfo.lt/pokalbis-su-maratu-sargsyanu-jeigu-gali-nedarytigeriau-nedaryti-2/
  • Marody, M. (2010). “Homo Sovieticus and the Change of Values: The Case of Poland.” In Landmark 1989: Central and Eastern European Societies Twenty Years After the System Change, edited by Heinrich Best, and Agnieszka Wenniger, 80–90. Berlin: Lit Verlag.
  • Matthews, M. (1986). Poverty in the Soviet Union: The Life-styles of the Underprivileged in Recent Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Millington, N. (2013). “Post-Industrial Imaginaries: Nature, Representation and Ruin in Detroit.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 1: 279–296.
  • Maka-M. K. (2005). “Obrazy wspoczesnosci w polskim filmie dokumentalnym.” In Klucze do rzeczywistosci: Polski film dokumentalny po 1989 roku, edited by Ma»gorzata Hendrykowska, 67–88. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
  • Nichols, B. (2001). Introduction to Documentary. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Przylipiak, M. (2003). “Odrazaj acy, brudni,˛zli ?” Studia Filmoznawcze 24: 21–38.
  • Przylipiak, M. (2015). “Dokument polski lat 90tych.” In Historia polskiego filmu dokumentalnego, edited by Ma»gorzata Hendrykowska, 471–572. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
  • Rothwell, J. (2008). “Filmmakers and Their Subjects.” In Rethinking Documentary. New Perspectives, New Practices, edited by Thomas Austin, and Wilma de Jong, 152–156. New York: Open University Press.
  • Schlunke, K. (2008). “The Stories So Far." In Cultural Theory in Everyday Practice, edited by Nicole Anderson, and Katrina Schlunke, 218–227. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Smith, C. R. (2017). Society and Social Pathology: A Framework for Progress. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tamutiene, I. (2005). “Skurdo problemos ekonominio augimo salygomis Lietuvoje.˛ ” LZU U Mokslo darbai 68(21): 87–94. The European Observatory. 2008. “Social Inclusion and Income Distribution in the European Union - 2008. Monitoring Report.” Brussels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/social/ BlobServlet?docId=3991&langId=en
  • Townsend, P. (1979). Poverty in the United Kingdom. London: Allen Lane and Penguin Books.
  • Ward, P. (2008). “Drama-Documentary, Ethics and Notions of Performance: The ‘Flight 93’ Films.” In Rethinking Documentary. New Perspectives, New Practices, edited by
  • Thomas Austin, and Wilma de Jong, 191–203. New York: Open University Press.
  • Winston, B. (2008). Claiming the Real. second edition. London: BFI.
  • Zbrizzi, P. (2011). “A Conversation with Andris Gauja (Family Instinct).” Accessed 26 June 2011. http://www.hammertonail.com/interviews/a-conversation-with-andris-gauja-family-instinct/)

Representation of Poverty in Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian Documentary Films of the Post-Communist Period

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 107 - 124, 26.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.889272

Öz

This article examines the representation of poor families in three documentary films from the Baltic region, produced after the fall of state socialism: Ewa Borz˛ ecka’s 13 or Trzynastka/Thirteen (1996, Poland), Marat Sargsyan’s T_evas/Father (2012, Lithuania) and Andris Gauja’s G¸imenes lietas/Family Instinct (2010, Latvia). Each film does so by focusing on a family which does not fit the dominant Notion of a normal family and instead comes across as a ‘pathological’ family. Our argument is that by foregrounding such a connection the filmmakers play down the state’s responsibility for ensuring a decent standard of living for all citizens.

Kaynakça

  • Barciukiene, D. (2007). “Skurdas Lietuvos kaime: paplitimas, priezastys ir mazinimo budai.” Socialine teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 4: 132–143.
  • Bruzzi, S. (2006). New Documentary. London: Routledge.
  • Fromm, E. (2001). The Sane Society. London: Routledge.
  • Gough, J., Eisenschitz, A. & McCulloch, A. (2005). Spaces of Social Exclusion. London: Routledge.
  • Karel, F. (2017). Statutory Minimum Wages in the EU 2017. Dublin: The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofond). https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/articles/statutory-minimum-wages-in-the-eu-2017 Kersiene, Reda._ 2011. “Skurdas ir jo priezastys Lietuvoje.” Ekonomika ir vadyba 16: 535–542.
  • Ksivickiene, D. (2006). “Skurdo apraiskos Lietuvos kaime.” Zem es u_ kio mokslai 1: 81–91.
  • Lennon, J. & Malcolm F. (2010). Dark Tourism. Andover, Hampshire: Cengage Learning.
  • Lewis, O. (1963). The Children of Sanchez. Autobiography of a Mexican Family. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Lewis, O. (2006). “Culture of Poverty.” In Poor Americans. How the Poor White Live, edited by Marc Pilisuk, and Phyllis Pilisuk. New Jersey: Transaction Books.
  • Lister, R. (2004). Poverty. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Maldeikyte, Z. (2013). “Pokalbis su Maratu Sargsyanu: Jeigu gali nedaryti, geriau nedaryti.” Accessed 26 September 2013. http://kinfo.lt/pokalbis-su-maratu-sargsyanu-jeigu-gali-nedarytigeriau-nedaryti-2/
  • Marody, M. (2010). “Homo Sovieticus and the Change of Values: The Case of Poland.” In Landmark 1989: Central and Eastern European Societies Twenty Years After the System Change, edited by Heinrich Best, and Agnieszka Wenniger, 80–90. Berlin: Lit Verlag.
  • Matthews, M. (1986). Poverty in the Soviet Union: The Life-styles of the Underprivileged in Recent Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Millington, N. (2013). “Post-Industrial Imaginaries: Nature, Representation and Ruin in Detroit.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 1: 279–296.
  • Maka-M. K. (2005). “Obrazy wspoczesnosci w polskim filmie dokumentalnym.” In Klucze do rzeczywistosci: Polski film dokumentalny po 1989 roku, edited by Ma»gorzata Hendrykowska, 67–88. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
  • Nichols, B. (2001). Introduction to Documentary. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Przylipiak, M. (2003). “Odrazaj acy, brudni,˛zli ?” Studia Filmoznawcze 24: 21–38.
  • Przylipiak, M. (2015). “Dokument polski lat 90tych.” In Historia polskiego filmu dokumentalnego, edited by Ma»gorzata Hendrykowska, 471–572. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
  • Rothwell, J. (2008). “Filmmakers and Their Subjects.” In Rethinking Documentary. New Perspectives, New Practices, edited by Thomas Austin, and Wilma de Jong, 152–156. New York: Open University Press.
  • Schlunke, K. (2008). “The Stories So Far." In Cultural Theory in Everyday Practice, edited by Nicole Anderson, and Katrina Schlunke, 218–227. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Smith, C. R. (2017). Society and Social Pathology: A Framework for Progress. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tamutiene, I. (2005). “Skurdo problemos ekonominio augimo salygomis Lietuvoje.˛ ” LZU U Mokslo darbai 68(21): 87–94. The European Observatory. 2008. “Social Inclusion and Income Distribution in the European Union - 2008. Monitoring Report.” Brussels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/social/ BlobServlet?docId=3991&langId=en
  • Townsend, P. (1979). Poverty in the United Kingdom. London: Allen Lane and Penguin Books.
  • Ward, P. (2008). “Drama-Documentary, Ethics and Notions of Performance: The ‘Flight 93’ Films.” In Rethinking Documentary. New Perspectives, New Practices, edited by
  • Thomas Austin, and Wilma de Jong, 191–203. New York: Open University Press.
  • Winston, B. (2008). Claiming the Real. second edition. London: BFI.
  • Zbrizzi, P. (2011). “A Conversation with Andris Gauja (Family Instinct).” Accessed 26 June 2011. http://www.hammertonail.com/interviews/a-conversation-with-andris-gauja-family-instinct/)
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çiçek Topçu 0000-0002-9273-2529

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mart 2021
Kabul Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA Topçu, Ç. (2021). Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(7), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.889272
AMA Topçu Ç. Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. Haziran 2021;4(7):107-124. doi:10.35235/uicd.889272
Chicago Topçu, Çiçek. “Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya Ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 4, sy. 7 (Haziran 2021): 107-24. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.889272.
EndNote Topçu Ç (01 Haziran 2021) Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 4 7 107–124.
IEEE Ç. Topçu, “Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri”, Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 7, ss. 107–124, 2021, doi: 10.35235/uicd.889272.
ISNAD Topçu, Çiçek. “Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya Ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 4/7 (Haziran 2021), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.889272.
JAMA Topçu Ç. Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2021;4:107–124.
MLA Topçu, Çiçek. “Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya Ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 7, 2021, ss. 107-24, doi:10.35235/uicd.889272.
Vancouver Topçu Ç. Komünizm Sonrası Polonya, Litvanya ve Letonya Sineması Belgesel Filmlerinde Yoksulluk Tasvirleri. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2021;4(7):107-24.

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