Research Article
EVALUATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN RISK COMMUNICATION IN THE FOCUS OF PUBLIC INSTITUTION: A RESEARCH ON THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Abstract
Public administration is always in a position open to risks due to its extensive areas of activity, complex environment and wide publics. Recently it can be mentioned that there are many risk categories such as environment, security and health which are related with public institutions directly. Risk communication can have a critical role for building and enhancing public awareness about risks. Herewith it is able to be possible to minimize damage of risks which can affect public policies. In this study, a research has been carried out in the focus of health risks, which has come to fore in recent years and has the potential to influence public decisions and policies. In addition, the use of social media and its role in the effective management of risk communication has been examined. In the research, content analysis technique which is one of the qualitative research methods has been used and it is aimed to reach findings how is social media used by Ministry of Health for risk communication purpose during the time period 31 December 2019 and 11 March 2020. Findings has demonstrated that social media was used actively for the aim of risk communication within proactive approach by Ministry of Health and minister and it make possible to informing target audiences about risks prolongedly and fast.
References
- BERRY, Dianne (2007). Health Communiation Theory and Practice, England: Open University Press.
- BOZTEPE TAŞKIRAN, Hatun ve YILDIZ, Engincan (2019). Sağlığa İlişkin Risklerin Önlenmesi Bağlamında Sağlık İletişimi Kampanyalarının ve Yeni Medyanın Rolü, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 2(2), 111 – 133.
- COVELLO, Vincent T. (2003). Best Practices in Public Health Risk and Crisis Communication, Journal of Health Communication, 8(1), 5 – 8.
- COVELLO, Vincent T., WINTERFELDT Detlof von ve SLOVIC, Paul (1986). Risk Communication: A Review of the Literature, Risk Abstracts, 3, 171 – 182.
- COVELLO, Vincent T., MCCALLUM, David B. ve PAVLOVA, M. (1989). Principles and Guideliness for Improving Risk Communication, (Editörler), Vincent T. Covello, David B. McCallum ve Maria Pavlova, Effective Risk Communication the Role and Responsibility of Government and Nongovernment Organizations, New York: Springer Science + Business Media.
- ÇINARLI, İnci (2005). Risk İletişimi Açısından SARS – Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu – Salgını. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 2, 55 – 69.
- DING, Huiling ve ZHANG, Jingwen (2010). Social Media and Participatory Risk Communication During the H1N1 Flu Epidemic: A Comparative Study of the United States and China, China Media Research, 6(4), 80 – 91.
- FREWER, Lynn (2004). The Public and Effective Risk Communication, Toxicology Letters, 149, 391 – 397.
- GELDERS, Dave, BOUCKAERT, Geert ve VAN RULER, Betteke (2007). Communication Management in the Public Sector: Consequences for Public Communication about Policy Intentions, Government Information Quarterly, 24, 326 – 337.
- GLIK, Deborah C. (2007). Risk Communication for Public Health Emergencies, The Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 33 – 54.
- GUIDRY, Jeanine P. D., JIN, Y., ORR , Caroline A., MESSNER, Marcus ve MEGANCK, Shana (2017). Ebola on Instagram and Twitter: How Health Organizations Address the Health Crisis in Their Social Media Engagement, Public Relations Review, 43, 477 – 486.
- HELDMAN, Amy Burnett, SCHINDELAR, Jessica ve WEAVER, James B. (2013). Social Media Engagement and Public Health Communication: Implications for Public Health Organizations Being Truly Social. Public Health Reviews, 35(1), 1 – 18.
- İNANDI, Tacettin, SAKARYA, Sibel, ÜNAL, Belgin ve ERGİN, Işıl (2020). Covid-19 Salgını Özelinde Karar Vericiler için Risk Değerlendirme Yaklaşımı, Sağlık ve Toplum, Özel Sayı, 27 – 38.
- KAPLAN, Andreas ve HAENLEIN, Michael (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media, Business Horizons, 53(1), 59 – 68.
- KREPS, Garry L. (2012). Health Communication Inquiry and Health Outcomes, Comunicação e Sociedade, Special Issue, 11 – 22.
- LEISS, William (1996). Three Phases in the Evolution of Risk Communication Practice, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 545, 85 – 94.
- LEISS, William (2004). Effective Risk Communication Practice, Toxicology Letters, 149, 399 – 404.
- MALECKI, Kristen M. C., KREATING, Julie A. Ve SAFDAR, Nasia (2020). Crisis Communication and Public Perception of Covid-19 Risk in the Era of Social Media, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Corrected Proof in Press, 1 – 6.
- PAEK, Hye-Jin., HIYARD, Karen, FREIMUTH, Vicki, BARGE ve MINDLIN, Michele (2010). Theory – Based Approaches to Understanding Public Emergency Preparedness: Implications for Effective Health and Risk Communication, Journal of Health Communication, 15(4), 428 – 444.
- PANAGIOTOPOULOS, Panos, BARNETT, Julie, BIGDELI, Alinaghi Ziaee ve SAMS, Steven (2016). Social Media in Emergency Management: Twitter as a Tool for Communicating Risks to the Public, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 111, 86 – 96.
- REGAN, Aine, RAATS, Monique, SHAN, Liran Christine, WALL Patrick G. ve MCCONNON, Aine (2016). Risk Communication and Social Media During Food Safety Crises: A Study of Stakeholders’ Opinions in Ireland, Journal of Risk Research, 19(1), 119 – 133.
- RENN, Ortvin ve LEVINE, Debra (1991). Credibility and Trust in Risk Communication, (Editörler), R. E. Kasperson ve P. J. M. Stallen, Communicating Risks to the Public, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- REYNOLDS, Barbara ve QUINN, Sandra Crouse (2008). Effective Communication During an Influenza Pandemic: The Value of Using Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Framework, Health Promotion Practice, 9(4), 13 – 17.
- REYNOLDS, Barbara ve SEEGER, Matthew W. (2005). Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication as an Integrative Model, Journal of Health Communication, 10(1), 43 – 55. SCHIAVO, Renata (2007). Health Communication From Theory To Practice, San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
- SMITH, Richard D. (2006). Responding to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Lessons from SARS on the Role of Risk Perception, Communication and Management, Social Science & Medicine, 63, 3113 – 3123.
- SMITH, Denise ve MCCLOSKEY, Jo (1998). Risk and Crisis Management in the Public Sector: Risk Communication and the Social Amplifications of Public Sector Risk, Public Money and Management, 18(4), 41 – 50.
- TURANCI, Eda (2010). Risk İletişiminde Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Kullanımı ve Risk İçerikli Mesajların Oluşturulması Sürecine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14, 87 – 104.
- TURANCI, Eda (2018). Risk İletişimi Açısından Bilginin Önemi ve Bilgi Okuryazarlığı, İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 47, 191 – 208.
- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION-WHO (2020). Risk Communication and Community Engagement Readiness and Response to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Interim Guidance. WHO Publication.
RİSK İLETİŞİMİNDE SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMININ KAMU KURUMU ODAĞINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Abstract
Kamu yönetimi faaliyet alanlarının fazlalığı, sahip olduğu karmaşık çevre ve geniş bir kitleyi hedeflemesi nedeniyle her daim risklere açık bir konumdadır. Son yıllarda çevre, sağlık ve güvenlik gibi kamu kurumlarını doğrudan ilgilendiren pek çok risk kategorisinden bahsedilebilmektedir. Kamu kurumları tarafından gerçekleştirilecek risk iletişimi, ilgili tarafların riske ilişkin farkındalık geliştirmesine ve kamu bilincinin gelişmesine katkı sunarak önemli bir işlev üstlenebilmektedir. Böylelikle kamusal politikaları etkileme olasılığına sahip riskler nedeniyle ortaya çıkabilecek zararlar minimum düzeye çekilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda ön plana çıkan ve kamusal karar ve politikaları etkileme gücüne sahip olduğu dikkat çeken sağlığa ilişkin riskler odağında bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada risk iletişiminin etkili bir şekilde yönetilmesinde sosyal medyanın kullanımı ve sahip olduğu rol irdelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın Covid-19 salgınına ilişkin 31 Aralık 2019-11 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirdiği risk iletişimi uygulamalarında sosyal medyayı ne şekilde kullandığına dair bulgulara ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sosyal medyanın risk iletişimi amaçlı olarak aktif bir şekilde kullanıldığına ve Sağlık Bakanlığı ile Sağlık Bakanı’nın proaktif bir yaklaşım benimseyerek paydaşların riskle ilgili hızlı ve sürekli biçimde bilgilendirilmesini sağladığına işaret etmiştir.
References
- BERRY, Dianne (2007). Health Communiation Theory and Practice, England: Open University Press.
- BOZTEPE TAŞKIRAN, Hatun ve YILDIZ, Engincan (2019). Sağlığa İlişkin Risklerin Önlenmesi Bağlamında Sağlık İletişimi Kampanyalarının ve Yeni Medyanın Rolü, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Dördüncü Kuvvet Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 2(2), 111 – 133.
- COVELLO, Vincent T. (2003). Best Practices in Public Health Risk and Crisis Communication, Journal of Health Communication, 8(1), 5 – 8.
- COVELLO, Vincent T., WINTERFELDT Detlof von ve SLOVIC, Paul (1986). Risk Communication: A Review of the Literature, Risk Abstracts, 3, 171 – 182.
- COVELLO, Vincent T., MCCALLUM, David B. ve PAVLOVA, M. (1989). Principles and Guideliness for Improving Risk Communication, (Editörler), Vincent T. Covello, David B. McCallum ve Maria Pavlova, Effective Risk Communication the Role and Responsibility of Government and Nongovernment Organizations, New York: Springer Science + Business Media.
- ÇINARLI, İnci (2005). Risk İletişimi Açısından SARS – Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu – Salgını. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 2, 55 – 69.
- DING, Huiling ve ZHANG, Jingwen (2010). Social Media and Participatory Risk Communication During the H1N1 Flu Epidemic: A Comparative Study of the United States and China, China Media Research, 6(4), 80 – 91.
- FREWER, Lynn (2004). The Public and Effective Risk Communication, Toxicology Letters, 149, 391 – 397.
- GELDERS, Dave, BOUCKAERT, Geert ve VAN RULER, Betteke (2007). Communication Management in the Public Sector: Consequences for Public Communication about Policy Intentions, Government Information Quarterly, 24, 326 – 337.
- GLIK, Deborah C. (2007). Risk Communication for Public Health Emergencies, The Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 33 – 54.
- GUIDRY, Jeanine P. D., JIN, Y., ORR , Caroline A., MESSNER, Marcus ve MEGANCK, Shana (2017). Ebola on Instagram and Twitter: How Health Organizations Address the Health Crisis in Their Social Media Engagement, Public Relations Review, 43, 477 – 486.
- HELDMAN, Amy Burnett, SCHINDELAR, Jessica ve WEAVER, James B. (2013). Social Media Engagement and Public Health Communication: Implications for Public Health Organizations Being Truly Social. Public Health Reviews, 35(1), 1 – 18.
- İNANDI, Tacettin, SAKARYA, Sibel, ÜNAL, Belgin ve ERGİN, Işıl (2020). Covid-19 Salgını Özelinde Karar Vericiler için Risk Değerlendirme Yaklaşımı, Sağlık ve Toplum, Özel Sayı, 27 – 38.
- KAPLAN, Andreas ve HAENLEIN, Michael (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media, Business Horizons, 53(1), 59 – 68.
- KREPS, Garry L. (2012). Health Communication Inquiry and Health Outcomes, Comunicação e Sociedade, Special Issue, 11 – 22.
- LEISS, William (1996). Three Phases in the Evolution of Risk Communication Practice, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 545, 85 – 94.
- LEISS, William (2004). Effective Risk Communication Practice, Toxicology Letters, 149, 399 – 404.
- MALECKI, Kristen M. C., KREATING, Julie A. Ve SAFDAR, Nasia (2020). Crisis Communication and Public Perception of Covid-19 Risk in the Era of Social Media, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Corrected Proof in Press, 1 – 6.
- PAEK, Hye-Jin., HIYARD, Karen, FREIMUTH, Vicki, BARGE ve MINDLIN, Michele (2010). Theory – Based Approaches to Understanding Public Emergency Preparedness: Implications for Effective Health and Risk Communication, Journal of Health Communication, 15(4), 428 – 444.
- PANAGIOTOPOULOS, Panos, BARNETT, Julie, BIGDELI, Alinaghi Ziaee ve SAMS, Steven (2016). Social Media in Emergency Management: Twitter as a Tool for Communicating Risks to the Public, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 111, 86 – 96.
- REGAN, Aine, RAATS, Monique, SHAN, Liran Christine, WALL Patrick G. ve MCCONNON, Aine (2016). Risk Communication and Social Media During Food Safety Crises: A Study of Stakeholders’ Opinions in Ireland, Journal of Risk Research, 19(1), 119 – 133.
- RENN, Ortvin ve LEVINE, Debra (1991). Credibility and Trust in Risk Communication, (Editörler), R. E. Kasperson ve P. J. M. Stallen, Communicating Risks to the Public, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- REYNOLDS, Barbara ve QUINN, Sandra Crouse (2008). Effective Communication During an Influenza Pandemic: The Value of Using Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Framework, Health Promotion Practice, 9(4), 13 – 17.
- REYNOLDS, Barbara ve SEEGER, Matthew W. (2005). Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication as an Integrative Model, Journal of Health Communication, 10(1), 43 – 55. SCHIAVO, Renata (2007). Health Communication From Theory To Practice, San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
- SMITH, Richard D. (2006). Responding to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Lessons from SARS on the Role of Risk Perception, Communication and Management, Social Science & Medicine, 63, 3113 – 3123.
- SMITH, Denise ve MCCLOSKEY, Jo (1998). Risk and Crisis Management in the Public Sector: Risk Communication and the Social Amplifications of Public Sector Risk, Public Money and Management, 18(4), 41 – 50.
- TURANCI, Eda (2010). Risk İletişiminde Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Kullanımı ve Risk İçerikli Mesajların Oluşturulması Sürecine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14, 87 – 104.
- TURANCI, Eda (2018). Risk İletişimi Açısından Bilginin Önemi ve Bilgi Okuryazarlığı, İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 47, 191 – 208.
- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION-WHO (2020). Risk Communication and Community Engagement Readiness and Response to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Interim Guidance. WHO Publication.
There are 29 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 31, 2021 |
| Submission Date | November 20, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 |
