Öz
Le regroupement de migrants et de groupes à faible revenu dans certaines parties de la ville n’est pas synonyme d’isolement, de ségrégation et de ghettoïsation, comme certains ont qualifié ce phénomène. Au contraire, elle offre aux nouveaux arrivants des “infrastructures d’arrivée” qui facilitent leur intégration dans la ville. Tarlabaşı est l’un des principaux points d’arrivée dans l’écologie urbaine d’Istanbul, car c’est le premier endroit où les populations migrantes s’installent. Grâce à ses réseaux sociaux et à sa situation au centre-ville, ce quartier présente le caractère d’une “salle d’attente”. Malgré sa texture architecturale historique, le délabrement du parc immobilier et la prédominance d’activités économiques marginales rendent Tarlabaşı susceptible d’être marginalisé et stigmatisé. Le principal résultat de notre étude est le suivant : bien que Tarlabaşı ait toujours conservé sa caractéristique d'être un lieu pour les classes inférieures et les personnes de plus en plus marginalisées depuis sa création, la structure et les fonctions de sa population se sont partiellement transformées et semblent continuer à évoluer. En utilisant une méthodologie exploratoire qualitative, cet article cherche à comprendre pourquoi une transformation socio-spatiale n’a pas eu lieu à Tarlabaşı, et soutient que la structure informelle et illégale n'est pas une dynamique complètement ségrégative, mais fonctionne plutôt comme une “intégration par le bas” pour ses résidents. Nous montrons que les résidents de Tarlabaşı sont intégrés dans le tissu urbain de différentes manières et constituent une partie indispensable de l’écosystème urbain. S’inspirant de l’ouvrage d’Italo Calvino Les villes invisibles, cet article vise à comprendre les changements survenus à Tarlabaşı, que nous définissons comme une “salle d’attente”.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Migration changement social transformation urbaine ségrégation spatiale intégration urbaine attente
Kaynakça
- Alpman, P. S. (2016). Esmer Yakalılar: Kent-Sınıf-Kimlik ve Kürt Emeǧi, İstanbul: İletişim.
- Arıcan, A. (2020). Behind the scaffolding: Manipulations of time, delays, and power in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul. City & Society, 32(3), 482-507.
- Ata, H. K. (2010). İstanbul’da Kentsel Dönüşümün Sosyal Dışlanmaya Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tarlabaşı Örneği (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Bennett, M. J. (1998). “Intercultural Communication: A Current Perspective”, Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication: Selected Readings, Ed. Milton J. Bennett, Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
- Birgün (2019) “Mevzu rantsa yargıyı dinleyen yok”. 28.02.2019
- Burgess, E. (1925). The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. In R. Park, E. Burgess, & R. McKenzie (Eds.), The city: Suggestions for investigation of human behavior in the urban environment (pp. 47–62). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Calvino, İ. (2003) Görünmez Kentler, Çev. Işıl Saatçioğlu, YKY.
- Can, A. (2020). A recipe for conflict in the historic environment of Istanbul: The case of Tarlabasi. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 19(1), 131-162.
- Danış, A. D. (2008). Pour une sociologie du transit dans les phénomènes migratoires: le cas des réseaux des migrants irakiens en transit à Istanbul (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, EHESS, Paris).
- Danış, D. (2019). “Göç, Mekan ve Topluma Dair: Sema Erder’le Söyleşi”, Beyond Istanbul No.7, Mekanda Adalet ve Mültecilik, 8-16.
- Dinçer, İ. ve Z. M. Enlil (2002) “Eski Kent Merkezinde Yeni Yoksullar:Tarlabaşı-İstanbul,” Yoksulluk Kent Yoksulluğu ve Planlama konulu Dünya Şehircilik Günü 26. Kolokyumu
- Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1957). The Negro population of Chicago: A study of residential succession. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Erder, S. (2013). İstanbul’a Bir Kent Kondu: Ümraniye. İletişim.
- Erder, S. (2015). İstanbul bir Kervansaray (mı?): Göç Yazıları. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Erder, S., & Kaşka, S. (2012). Turkey in the new migration era: Migrants between regularity and irregularity. Turkey, migration and the EU: Potentials, Challenges and Opportunities, 5, 113-132.
- Faist, T. (2016). Cross-border migration and social inequalities. Annual review of Sociology, 42, 323-346.
- Farley, R., Schuman, H., Bianchi, S., Colasanto, D., & Hatchett, S. (1978). “Chocolate city, vanilla suburbs:” Will the trend toward racially separate communities continue?. Social Science Research, 7(4), 319-344.
- Galster, G. C. (2011). The mechanism (s) of neighbourhood effects: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. In Neighbourhood effects research: New perspectives (pp. 23-56). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
- Grigsby, W. (1986). The Dynamics of Neighborhood Change and Decline.
- Güngördü, F. N. (2018). Processes and factors of social exclusion in arrival cities: Attitudes towards Syrians under temporary protection in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul. GRID-Architecture Planning and Design Journal, 1(2), 177-198.
- Hanhörster, H., & Wessendorf, S. (2020). The role of arrival areas for migrant integration and resource access. Urban Planning, 5(3), 1-10.
- Islam, T., & Sakızlıoğlu, B. (2015). The making of, and resistance to, state-led gentrification in Istanbul, Turkey. Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement, 245.
- Işık, O. & Pınarcıoğlu, M. (2001). Nöbetleşe Yoksulluk: Gecekondulaşma ve Kent Yoksulları, Sultanbeyli Örneği, İstanbul: İletişim.
- Kuyucu, T., & Ünsal, Ö. (2010). ‘Urban transformation’ as state-led property transfer: An analysis of two cases of urban renewal in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 47(7), 1479-1499
- Kümbetoğlu, B. (2008). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. Bağlam yayıncılık.
- Logan, J. R., & Molotch, H. L. (1987). Urban fortunes: The political economy of place. University of California Press.
- Marvasti, A. (2016). Writing Qualitative Research: Practice, Genre, and Audience. Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice,, 429-44.
- Merriman, B. (2015). Three conceptions of spatial locality in Chicago school sociology (and their significance today). The American Sociologist, 46, 269-287.
- Park, R., Burgess, E., & McKenzie, R. (1925). The city: Suggestions for investigation of human behavior in the urban environment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Phillips, D. (2010). Minority Ethnic Segregation, Integration and Citizenship: A European Perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(2), 209-225.
- Pişkin, T. (2017) “Tarlabaşı’ndaki Kentsel Dönüşümün 12 Yıllık Hikayesi” Bianet, 01.12.2017.
- Portes, A. (2010). Migration and social change: Some conceptual reflections. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 36(10), 1537-1563.
- Sakızlıoğlu, B. (2014). Inserting temporality into the analysis of displacement: Living under the threat of displacement. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 105(2), 206-220.
- Saybaşılı, N., & Doğan, B. (2011). Sınırlar ve Hayaletler: Görsel Kültürde Göç Hareketleri. Metis.
- Schillebeeckx, E., Oosterlynck, S., & De Decker, P. (2019). Migration and the resourceful neighborhood: Exploring localized resources in urban zones of transition. Arrival infrastructures: Migration and urban social mobilities, 131-152.
- Silverman, D., & Marvasti, A. (2008). Doing qualitative research: A comprehensive guide. Sage.
- Tsavdaroglou, C. (2020). The refugees’ right to the center of the city and spatial justice: Gentrification vs commoning practices in Tarlabaşı-Istanbul. Urban Planning, 5(3), 230-240.
- Türkün, A. (Ed.). (2014). Mülk, mahal, insan: İstanbul'da kentsel dönüşüm. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
- Uzun, C. N. (2015). İstanbul'da Seçkinleştirmenin Üç Aşaması Cihangir, Galata ve Tarlabaşı Üzerine bir Değerlendirme. In Neden Nasıl ve Kimin için Kentsel Dönüşüm. Litera Yayıncılık.
- Ünsal, Ö. (2014). Neoliberal kent politikaları ve direnişin siyaseti: İstanbul’da yeni kentsel muhalefet. Yeni İstanbul Çalışmaları: Sınırlar, Mücadeleler Açılımlar. İstanbul: Metis.
- Ünsal, Ö., & Kuyucu, T. (2010). Challenging the neoliberal urban regime: Regeneration and resistance in Başıbüyük and Tarlabaşı. Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe, 51-70.
- Ünsal, B. O. (2015). State-led Urban Regeneration in Istanbul: Power struggles between interest groups and poor communities. Housing Studies, 30(8), 1299-1316.
- Yılmaz, B. (2006). Migration, exclusion et taudification dans le centre-ville istanbuliote: étude de cas de Tarlabasi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Institut Français d’Urbanisme, Paris 8 Üniversitesi)
- Yılmaz, B. (2008). Entrapped in multidimensional exclusion: the perpetuation of poverty among conflict-induced migrants in an Istanbul neighborhood. New Perspectives on Turkey, 38, 205-234.
Öz
The clustering of migrant and low-income groups in certain parts of the city does not mean isolation, segregation and ghettoization, as some have labeled it. On the contrary, it offers “infrastructures of arrival” for newcomers that facilitate their integration into the city. Tarlabaşı, one of the important arrival points in the urban ecology of Istanbul, is the first place where migrant populations settle. Thanks to its social networks and location in the city center, this neighborhood exhibits the character of a “waiting room”. Despite its historical architectural texture, the dilapidation of the building stock and the dominance of marginal economic activities make Tarlabaşı susceptible to marginalization and stigmatization.The main finding of our study was the following: Although Tarlabaşı has always maintained its characteristic of being a place for the lower classes, and has become increasingly marginalized since its establishment, its population structure and functions have partially transformed and seem to continue to do so.Using a qualitative exploratory methodology, this article seeks to understand why a socio-spatial transformation has not taken place in Tarlabaşı, and argues that the informal and illegal structure is not a completely segregation dynamic, but rather functions as a “bottom-up integration” for its residents. We suggest that the residents of Tarlabaşı are integrated into the urban fabric of Istanbul in different ways, and are an indispensable part of the urban ecosystem. Guided by Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities, this article aims to understand the changes in Tarlabaşı, which we define as a “waiting room”.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Migration social change urban transformation spatial segregation urban integration waiting
Kaynakça
- Alpman, P. S. (2016). Esmer Yakalılar: Kent-Sınıf-Kimlik ve Kürt Emeǧi, İstanbul: İletişim.
- Arıcan, A. (2020). Behind the scaffolding: Manipulations of time, delays, and power in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul. City & Society, 32(3), 482-507.
- Ata, H. K. (2010). İstanbul’da Kentsel Dönüşümün Sosyal Dışlanmaya Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tarlabaşı Örneği (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Bennett, M. J. (1998). “Intercultural Communication: A Current Perspective”, Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication: Selected Readings, Ed. Milton J. Bennett, Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
- Birgün (2019) “Mevzu rantsa yargıyı dinleyen yok”. 28.02.2019
- Burgess, E. (1925). The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. In R. Park, E. Burgess, & R. McKenzie (Eds.), The city: Suggestions for investigation of human behavior in the urban environment (pp. 47–62). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Calvino, İ. (2003) Görünmez Kentler, Çev. Işıl Saatçioğlu, YKY.
- Can, A. (2020). A recipe for conflict in the historic environment of Istanbul: The case of Tarlabasi. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 19(1), 131-162.
- Danış, A. D. (2008). Pour une sociologie du transit dans les phénomènes migratoires: le cas des réseaux des migrants irakiens en transit à Istanbul (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, EHESS, Paris).
- Danış, D. (2019). “Göç, Mekan ve Topluma Dair: Sema Erder’le Söyleşi”, Beyond Istanbul No.7, Mekanda Adalet ve Mültecilik, 8-16.
- Dinçer, İ. ve Z. M. Enlil (2002) “Eski Kent Merkezinde Yeni Yoksullar:Tarlabaşı-İstanbul,” Yoksulluk Kent Yoksulluğu ve Planlama konulu Dünya Şehircilik Günü 26. Kolokyumu
- Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1957). The Negro population of Chicago: A study of residential succession. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Erder, S. (2013). İstanbul’a Bir Kent Kondu: Ümraniye. İletişim.
- Erder, S. (2015). İstanbul bir Kervansaray (mı?): Göç Yazıları. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Erder, S., & Kaşka, S. (2012). Turkey in the new migration era: Migrants between regularity and irregularity. Turkey, migration and the EU: Potentials, Challenges and Opportunities, 5, 113-132.
- Faist, T. (2016). Cross-border migration and social inequalities. Annual review of Sociology, 42, 323-346.
- Farley, R., Schuman, H., Bianchi, S., Colasanto, D., & Hatchett, S. (1978). “Chocolate city, vanilla suburbs:” Will the trend toward racially separate communities continue?. Social Science Research, 7(4), 319-344.
- Galster, G. C. (2011). The mechanism (s) of neighbourhood effects: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. In Neighbourhood effects research: New perspectives (pp. 23-56). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
- Grigsby, W. (1986). The Dynamics of Neighborhood Change and Decline.
- Güngördü, F. N. (2018). Processes and factors of social exclusion in arrival cities: Attitudes towards Syrians under temporary protection in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul. GRID-Architecture Planning and Design Journal, 1(2), 177-198.
- Hanhörster, H., & Wessendorf, S. (2020). The role of arrival areas for migrant integration and resource access. Urban Planning, 5(3), 1-10.
- Islam, T., & Sakızlıoğlu, B. (2015). The making of, and resistance to, state-led gentrification in Istanbul, Turkey. Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement, 245.
- Işık, O. & Pınarcıoğlu, M. (2001). Nöbetleşe Yoksulluk: Gecekondulaşma ve Kent Yoksulları, Sultanbeyli Örneği, İstanbul: İletişim.
- Kuyucu, T., & Ünsal, Ö. (2010). ‘Urban transformation’ as state-led property transfer: An analysis of two cases of urban renewal in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 47(7), 1479-1499
- Kümbetoğlu, B. (2008). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. Bağlam yayıncılık.
- Logan, J. R., & Molotch, H. L. (1987). Urban fortunes: The political economy of place. University of California Press.
- Marvasti, A. (2016). Writing Qualitative Research: Practice, Genre, and Audience. Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice,, 429-44.
- Merriman, B. (2015). Three conceptions of spatial locality in Chicago school sociology (and their significance today). The American Sociologist, 46, 269-287.
- Park, R., Burgess, E., & McKenzie, R. (1925). The city: Suggestions for investigation of human behavior in the urban environment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Phillips, D. (2010). Minority Ethnic Segregation, Integration and Citizenship: A European Perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(2), 209-225.
- Pişkin, T. (2017) “Tarlabaşı’ndaki Kentsel Dönüşümün 12 Yıllık Hikayesi” Bianet, 01.12.2017.
- Portes, A. (2010). Migration and social change: Some conceptual reflections. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 36(10), 1537-1563.
- Sakızlıoğlu, B. (2014). Inserting temporality into the analysis of displacement: Living under the threat of displacement. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 105(2), 206-220.
- Saybaşılı, N., & Doğan, B. (2011). Sınırlar ve Hayaletler: Görsel Kültürde Göç Hareketleri. Metis.
- Schillebeeckx, E., Oosterlynck, S., & De Decker, P. (2019). Migration and the resourceful neighborhood: Exploring localized resources in urban zones of transition. Arrival infrastructures: Migration and urban social mobilities, 131-152.
- Silverman, D., & Marvasti, A. (2008). Doing qualitative research: A comprehensive guide. Sage.
- Tsavdaroglou, C. (2020). The refugees’ right to the center of the city and spatial justice: Gentrification vs commoning practices in Tarlabaşı-Istanbul. Urban Planning, 5(3), 230-240.
- Türkün, A. (Ed.). (2014). Mülk, mahal, insan: İstanbul'da kentsel dönüşüm. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
- Uzun, C. N. (2015). İstanbul'da Seçkinleştirmenin Üç Aşaması Cihangir, Galata ve Tarlabaşı Üzerine bir Değerlendirme. In Neden Nasıl ve Kimin için Kentsel Dönüşüm. Litera Yayıncılık.
- Ünsal, Ö. (2014). Neoliberal kent politikaları ve direnişin siyaseti: İstanbul’da yeni kentsel muhalefet. Yeni İstanbul Çalışmaları: Sınırlar, Mücadeleler Açılımlar. İstanbul: Metis.
- Ünsal, Ö., & Kuyucu, T. (2010). Challenging the neoliberal urban regime: Regeneration and resistance in Başıbüyük and Tarlabaşı. Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe, 51-70.
- Ünsal, B. O. (2015). State-led Urban Regeneration in Istanbul: Power struggles between interest groups and poor communities. Housing Studies, 30(8), 1299-1316.
- Yılmaz, B. (2006). Migration, exclusion et taudification dans le centre-ville istanbuliote: étude de cas de Tarlabasi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Institut Français d’Urbanisme, Paris 8 Üniversitesi)
- Yılmaz, B. (2008). Entrapped in multidimensional exclusion: the perpetuation of poverty among conflict-induced migrants in an Istanbul neighborhood. New Perspectives on Turkey, 38, 205-234.
Öz
Göçmen ve düşük gelirli grupların kentin belli bölgelerinde kümelenmesi bazılarının yaftaladığı gibi bir içe kapanma, ayrışma ve gettolaşma anlamına gelmez; aksine, yeni gelenler için, kente entegrasyonlarını kolaylaştıran “varış altyapıları” sunar. Tarlabaşı, İstanbul kent ekolojisinde göçmen nüfusların ilk yerleştiği mekân olarak kentin önemli varış noktalarındandır. Sahip olduğu sosyal ağlar ve kent merkezindeki konumu sayesinde bu mahalle bir “bekleme odası” karakteri sergiler. Tarihsel mimari dokusuna rağmen, yapı stoğunun köhnemişliği ve marjinal ekonomik faaliyetlerin hâkim olması Tarlabaşı’nı ötekileştirilmeye ve damgalanmaya müsait kılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın esas bulgusu şu oldu: Tarlabaşı, kurulduğu dönemden bu yana, alt sınıfların ve giderek dışlanmışların mekânı olma özelliğini hep korumuş olsa da nüfus yapısı ve işlevler kısmen dönüşmüş, ve hep de bu şekilde devam edecek gibi görünüyor. Nitel keşfedici yöntem kullandığımız bu makalede, Tarlabaşı’nda bir sosyo-mekânsal dönüşümün neden gerçekleşmediğini anlamaya çalışıyor, buradaki enformel ve illegal yapının tümüyle ayrıştırıcı bir dinamik olmadığını, sakinleri için kente “aşağıdan entegrasyon” fonksiyonu taşıdığını iddia ediyoruz. Tarlabaşı sakinlerinin İstanbul’un kentsel dokusuna farklı şekillerde entegre olduklarını ve kentsel ekosistemin vazgeçilemez unsurlarından biri olduğunu gösteriyoruz. Bu makale, İtalo Calvino’nun Görünmez Kentler kitabının kılavuzluğunda, bir “bekleme yeri” olarak tanımladığımız Tarlabaşı’nda yaşanan değişimi anlamayı amaçlıyor.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Göç toplumsal değişim kentsel dönüşüm mekânsal ayrışma kentsel bütünleşme bekleme
Kaynakça
- Alpman, P. S. (2016). Esmer Yakalılar: Kent-Sınıf-Kimlik ve Kürt Emeǧi, İstanbul: İletişim.
- Arıcan, A. (2020). Behind the scaffolding: Manipulations of time, delays, and power in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul. City & Society, 32(3), 482-507.
- Ata, H. K. (2010). İstanbul’da Kentsel Dönüşümün Sosyal Dışlanmaya Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tarlabaşı Örneği (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Bennett, M. J. (1998). “Intercultural Communication: A Current Perspective”, Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication: Selected Readings, Ed. Milton J. Bennett, Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
- Birgün (2019) “Mevzu rantsa yargıyı dinleyen yok”. 28.02.2019
- Burgess, E. (1925). The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. In R. Park, E. Burgess, & R. McKenzie (Eds.), The city: Suggestions for investigation of human behavior in the urban environment (pp. 47–62). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Calvino, İ. (2003) Görünmez Kentler, Çev. Işıl Saatçioğlu, YKY.
- Can, A. (2020). A recipe for conflict in the historic environment of Istanbul: The case of Tarlabasi. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 19(1), 131-162.
- Danış, A. D. (2008). Pour une sociologie du transit dans les phénomènes migratoires: le cas des réseaux des migrants irakiens en transit à Istanbul (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, EHESS, Paris).
- Danış, D. (2019). “Göç, Mekan ve Topluma Dair: Sema Erder’le Söyleşi”, Beyond Istanbul No.7, Mekanda Adalet ve Mültecilik, 8-16.
- Dinçer, İ. ve Z. M. Enlil (2002) “Eski Kent Merkezinde Yeni Yoksullar:Tarlabaşı-İstanbul,” Yoksulluk Kent Yoksulluğu ve Planlama konulu Dünya Şehircilik Günü 26. Kolokyumu
- Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1957). The Negro population of Chicago: A study of residential succession. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Erder, S. (2013). İstanbul’a Bir Kent Kondu: Ümraniye. İletişim.
- Erder, S. (2015). İstanbul bir Kervansaray (mı?): Göç Yazıları. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Erder, S., & Kaşka, S. (2012). Turkey in the new migration era: Migrants between regularity and irregularity. Turkey, migration and the EU: Potentials, Challenges and Opportunities, 5, 113-132.
- Faist, T. (2016). Cross-border migration and social inequalities. Annual review of Sociology, 42, 323-346.
- Farley, R., Schuman, H., Bianchi, S., Colasanto, D., & Hatchett, S. (1978). “Chocolate city, vanilla suburbs:” Will the trend toward racially separate communities continue?. Social Science Research, 7(4), 319-344.
- Galster, G. C. (2011). The mechanism (s) of neighbourhood effects: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. In Neighbourhood effects research: New perspectives (pp. 23-56). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
- Grigsby, W. (1986). The Dynamics of Neighborhood Change and Decline.
- Güngördü, F. N. (2018). Processes and factors of social exclusion in arrival cities: Attitudes towards Syrians under temporary protection in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul. GRID-Architecture Planning and Design Journal, 1(2), 177-198.
- Hanhörster, H., & Wessendorf, S. (2020). The role of arrival areas for migrant integration and resource access. Urban Planning, 5(3), 1-10.
- Islam, T., & Sakızlıoğlu, B. (2015). The making of, and resistance to, state-led gentrification in Istanbul, Turkey. Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement, 245.
- Işık, O. & Pınarcıoğlu, M. (2001). Nöbetleşe Yoksulluk: Gecekondulaşma ve Kent Yoksulları, Sultanbeyli Örneği, İstanbul: İletişim.
- Kuyucu, T., & Ünsal, Ö. (2010). ‘Urban transformation’ as state-led property transfer: An analysis of two cases of urban renewal in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 47(7), 1479-1499
- Kümbetoğlu, B. (2008). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. Bağlam yayıncılık.
- Logan, J. R., & Molotch, H. L. (1987). Urban fortunes: The political economy of place. University of California Press.
- Marvasti, A. (2016). Writing Qualitative Research: Practice, Genre, and Audience. Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice,, 429-44.
- Merriman, B. (2015). Three conceptions of spatial locality in Chicago school sociology (and their significance today). The American Sociologist, 46, 269-287.
- Park, R., Burgess, E., & McKenzie, R. (1925). The city: Suggestions for investigation of human behavior in the urban environment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Phillips, D. (2010). Minority Ethnic Segregation, Integration and Citizenship: A European Perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(2), 209-225.
- Pişkin, T. (2017) “Tarlabaşı’ndaki Kentsel Dönüşümün 12 Yıllık Hikayesi” Bianet, 01.12.2017.
- Portes, A. (2010). Migration and social change: Some conceptual reflections. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 36(10), 1537-1563.
- Sakızlıoğlu, B. (2014). Inserting temporality into the analysis of displacement: Living under the threat of displacement. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 105(2), 206-220.
- Saybaşılı, N., & Doğan, B. (2011). Sınırlar ve Hayaletler: Görsel Kültürde Göç Hareketleri. Metis.
- Schillebeeckx, E., Oosterlynck, S., & De Decker, P. (2019). Migration and the resourceful neighborhood: Exploring localized resources in urban zones of transition. Arrival infrastructures: Migration and urban social mobilities, 131-152.
- Silverman, D., & Marvasti, A. (2008). Doing qualitative research: A comprehensive guide. Sage.
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Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Örgütsel, Kişilerarası ve Kültürlerarası İletişim |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Haziran 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 15 Nisan 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 13 Haziran 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 |
