Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Türkiye’de Freelance Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Freelance Gazetecilik: Profesyonel Kimlik, (Dez)avantajlar ve Sorunlar

Year 2018, , 31 - 56, 25.12.2018

İlker Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.500035

Abstract

Yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşmelere dayanan bu çalışma, gazetecilik araştırmalarında
sıklıkla ihmal edilen ya da marjinalleştirilen freelance gazetecilerle ilgilidir.
Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de, kendi hesabına çalışmak için geleneksel işveren odaklı
gazetecilik mesleğinden ayrılan freelance gazeteciler hakkında araştırma
alanındaki boşluğun doldurulmasına yönelik bir adımdır. Çalışmada, görüşmelere
katılacak gazetecilere ulaşmak için araştırmacı hem Türkiye Gazeteciler
Sendikası (TGS) veri tabanından faydalanmış hem de arkadaş çevresi ile kişisel
bağlantılar kurmuştur. Üç ana araştırma teması dikkate alınarak on yedi freelance
gazeteci ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir: (1) Türkiye'de freelance
gazetecilerin profesyonel kimliği, (2) Türkiye'de freelance gazeteci olarak
çalışmanın avantajları ve dezavantajları, (3) Türkiye'de freelance gazetecilik
alanındaki temel sorunlar. Freelance gazetecilerin mesleki haklarının
korunması, iş ve gelir güvencesinden yoksun kalma riskinin ortadan kaldırılması
ve çalışma koşullarının iyileştirilmesi için öncelikle devletin girişimde
bulunması ve freelance gazetecilik yapan gazetecilere yardımcı olması gerektiği
sonucuna varılmıştır.      



















Keywords

freelance gazetecilik freelance gazeteciler derinlemesine görüşme haber endüstrisi haber üretimi

References

  • Aitamurto, T. (2015). The Role of Crowdfunding as a Business Model in Journalism: A Five-Layered Model of Value Creation. L. Bennett, B. Chin ve B. Jones (Ed.), Crowdfunding the Future: Media Industries, Ethics and Digital Society içinde (189-205). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Aitamurto, T. (2011). The Impact of Crowdfunding on Journalism: Case Study of Spot.Us, a Platform for Community-Funded Reporting. Journalism Practice, 5(4), 429-44 5. Andersson, U. ve Wiik, J. (2013). Journalism Meets Management: Changing Leadership in Swedish News Organizations. Journalism Practice, 7(6), 705-719.
  • Baines, D. ve Kennedy, C. (2010). An Education for Independence: Should Entrepreneurial Skills be an Essential Part of the Journalist’s Toolbox?. Journalism Practice, 4(1), 97-113.
  • Carvajal, M., García-Avilés, J. A. ve González, J. L. (2012). Crowdfunding and Non-Profit Media: The Emergence of New Models for Public Interest Journalism. Journalism Practice, 6(5-6), 638-647.
  • Cohen, N. S. (2016). Writers’ Rights: Freelance Journalism in a Digital Age. Montreal, Kingston: Mcgill‐Queen's University Press.
  • Cohen, N. S. (2015a). From Pink Slips to Pink Slime: Transforming Media Labor in a Digital Age. The Communication Review, 18(2), 98-122.
  • Cohen, N. S. (2015b). Entrepreneurial Journalism and the Precarious State of Media Work. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(3), 513-533.
  • De Cock, R. ve de Smaele, H. (2016). Freelancing in Flemish News Media and Entrepreneurial Skills as Pivotal Elements in Job Satisfaction. Journalism Practice, 10(2), 251-265.
  • Das, J. (2007). Sydney Freelance Journalists and the Notion of Professionalism. Pacific Journalism Review, 13(1), 142-160.
  • Edström, M. ve Ladendorf, M. (2012). Freelance Journalists as a Flexible Workforce in Media Industries. Journalism Practice, 6(5-6), 711-721.
  • Elmore, C. ve Massey, B. (2012). Need for Instruction in Entrepreneurial Journalism: Perspective of Full-Time Freelancers. Journal of Media Practice, 13(2), 109-124.
  • Ertel, M., Pech, E., Ullsperger, P, Knesebeck, O. ve Siegrist, J. (2005). Adverse Psychosocial Working Conditions and Subjective Health in Freelance Media Workers. Work&Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health&Organisations, 19(3), 293-299.
  • Fröhlich, R., Koch, T. ve Obermaier, M. (2013). What’s the Harm in Moonlighting? A Qualitative Survey on the Role Conflicts of Freelance Journalists with Secondary Employment in the Field of PR. Media, Culture&Society, 35(7), 809-829.
  • Gollmitzer, M. (2014). Precariously Employed Watchdogs? Perceptions of Working Conditions among Freelancers and Interns. Journalism Practice, 8(6), 826-841.
  • Gynnild, A. (2005). Winner Takes It All: Freelance Journalism on the Golobal Communication Market. Nordicom Review, 26(1), 111-120.
  • Hesmondhalgh, D. ve Baker, S. (2011). Creative Labour: Media Work in Three Cultural Industries. London: Routledge.
  • Hunter, A. (2016). It's Like Having a Second Full-Time Job: Crowdfunding, Journalism and Labour. Journalism Practice, 10(2), 217-232.
  • Hunter, A. (2015). Crowdfunding Independent and Freelance Journalism: Negotiating Journalistic Norms of Autonomy and Objectivity. New Media&Society, 17(2), 272-288.
  • Jian, L. ve Shin, J. (2015). Motivations Behind Donors’ Contributions to Crowdfunded Journalism. Mass Communication and Society, 18(2), 165-185.
  • Jian, L. ve Usher, N. (2014). Crowd-Funded Journalism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(2), 155-170.
  • Johnson, J. M. ve Rowlands, T. (2012). The Interpersonal Dynamics of In-depth Interviewing. J. F. Gubrium, J. Holstein, A. Marvasti ve K. McKinney (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of Interview Research içinde (99-113). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Kaye, J. ve Quinn, S. (2010). Funding Journalism in the Digital Age: Business Models, Strategies, Issues and Trends. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Ladendorf, M. (2012). Freelance Journalists’ Ethical Boundary Settings in Information Work. Nordicom Review, 33(1), 83-98.
  • Massey, B. ve Elmore, C. (2011). Happier Working for Themselves? Job Satisfaction and Women Freelance Journalists. Journalism Practice, 5(6), 672-686.
  • Mathisen, B. R. (2017). Entrepreneurs and Idealists: Freelance Journalists at the Intersection of Autonomy and Constraints. Journalism Practice, 11(7), 909-924.
  • McChesney, R. W. ve Pickard, V. (2011). Will The Last Reporter Please Turn Out The Lights? The Collapse of Journalism and What Can Be Done To Fix It. New York: The New Press.
  • McChesney, R. W. ve Nichols, J. (2010). The Death and Life of American Journalism: The Media Revolution That Will Begin the World Again. Philadelphia: Nation Books.
  • Obermaier, M. ve Koch, T. (2015). Mind the Gap: Consequences of Inter-Role Conflicts of Freelance Journalists with Secondary Employment in the Field of Public Relations. Journalism, 16(5), 615-629.
  • Porlezza, C. ve Splendore, S. (2016). Accountability and Transparency of Entrepreneurial Journalism. Journalism Practice, 10(2), 196-216.
  • Ryan, K. M. (2009). The Performative Journalist: Job Satisfaction, Temporary Workers and American Television News. Journalism, 10(5), 647-664.
  • Smith, V. (2011). Freelance Journalism. J. Owen ve H. Purdey (Ed.), International News Reporting: Frontlines and Deadlines içinde (55-70). USA, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Solomon, E. F. (2016). How Freelance Journalists Can Help Shape Journalism Education. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 71(2), 241-247.
  • Standing, G. (2011). The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Türkiye Gazeteciler Sendikası (2015). Freelance Çalışanlara Basın Kartı Kolaylığı. Erişim: 29 Nisan 2018, https://tgs.org.tr/freelance-calisanlara-uluslararasi-basin-karti-kolayligi
  • Wahl-Jorgensen, K. ve Hanitzsch, T. (2009). Introduction: On Why and How We Should Do Journalism Studies. K. Wahl-Jorgensen ve T. Hanitzsch (Ed.), The Handbook of Journalism Studies içinde (3-16). New York: Routledge.
  • Walters, E., Warren, C. ve Dobbie, M. (2006). The Changing Nature of Work. A Global Survey and Case Study of Atypical Work in the Media Industry. International Federation of Journalists.

Year 2018, , 31 - 56, 25.12.2018

İlker Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.500035

Abstract

References

  • Aitamurto, T. (2015). The Role of Crowdfunding as a Business Model in Journalism: A Five-Layered Model of Value Creation. L. Bennett, B. Chin ve B. Jones (Ed.), Crowdfunding the Future: Media Industries, Ethics and Digital Society içinde (189-205). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Aitamurto, T. (2011). The Impact of Crowdfunding on Journalism: Case Study of Spot.Us, a Platform for Community-Funded Reporting. Journalism Practice, 5(4), 429-44 5. Andersson, U. ve Wiik, J. (2013). Journalism Meets Management: Changing Leadership in Swedish News Organizations. Journalism Practice, 7(6), 705-719.
  • Baines, D. ve Kennedy, C. (2010). An Education for Independence: Should Entrepreneurial Skills be an Essential Part of the Journalist’s Toolbox?. Journalism Practice, 4(1), 97-113.
  • Carvajal, M., García-Avilés, J. A. ve González, J. L. (2012). Crowdfunding and Non-Profit Media: The Emergence of New Models for Public Interest Journalism. Journalism Practice, 6(5-6), 638-647.
  • Cohen, N. S. (2016). Writers’ Rights: Freelance Journalism in a Digital Age. Montreal, Kingston: Mcgill‐Queen's University Press.
  • Cohen, N. S. (2015a). From Pink Slips to Pink Slime: Transforming Media Labor in a Digital Age. The Communication Review, 18(2), 98-122.
  • Cohen, N. S. (2015b). Entrepreneurial Journalism and the Precarious State of Media Work. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(3), 513-533.
  • De Cock, R. ve de Smaele, H. (2016). Freelancing in Flemish News Media and Entrepreneurial Skills as Pivotal Elements in Job Satisfaction. Journalism Practice, 10(2), 251-265.
  • Das, J. (2007). Sydney Freelance Journalists and the Notion of Professionalism. Pacific Journalism Review, 13(1), 142-160.
  • Edström, M. ve Ladendorf, M. (2012). Freelance Journalists as a Flexible Workforce in Media Industries. Journalism Practice, 6(5-6), 711-721.
  • Elmore, C. ve Massey, B. (2012). Need for Instruction in Entrepreneurial Journalism: Perspective of Full-Time Freelancers. Journal of Media Practice, 13(2), 109-124.
  • Ertel, M., Pech, E., Ullsperger, P, Knesebeck, O. ve Siegrist, J. (2005). Adverse Psychosocial Working Conditions and Subjective Health in Freelance Media Workers. Work&Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health&Organisations, 19(3), 293-299.
  • Fröhlich, R., Koch, T. ve Obermaier, M. (2013). What’s the Harm in Moonlighting? A Qualitative Survey on the Role Conflicts of Freelance Journalists with Secondary Employment in the Field of PR. Media, Culture&Society, 35(7), 809-829.
  • Gollmitzer, M. (2014). Precariously Employed Watchdogs? Perceptions of Working Conditions among Freelancers and Interns. Journalism Practice, 8(6), 826-841.
  • Gynnild, A. (2005). Winner Takes It All: Freelance Journalism on the Golobal Communication Market. Nordicom Review, 26(1), 111-120.
  • Hesmondhalgh, D. ve Baker, S. (2011). Creative Labour: Media Work in Three Cultural Industries. London: Routledge.
  • Hunter, A. (2016). It's Like Having a Second Full-Time Job: Crowdfunding, Journalism and Labour. Journalism Practice, 10(2), 217-232.
  • Hunter, A. (2015). Crowdfunding Independent and Freelance Journalism: Negotiating Journalistic Norms of Autonomy and Objectivity. New Media&Society, 17(2), 272-288.
  • Jian, L. ve Shin, J. (2015). Motivations Behind Donors’ Contributions to Crowdfunded Journalism. Mass Communication and Society, 18(2), 165-185.
  • Jian, L. ve Usher, N. (2014). Crowd-Funded Journalism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(2), 155-170.
  • Johnson, J. M. ve Rowlands, T. (2012). The Interpersonal Dynamics of In-depth Interviewing. J. F. Gubrium, J. Holstein, A. Marvasti ve K. McKinney (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of Interview Research içinde (99-113). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Kaye, J. ve Quinn, S. (2010). Funding Journalism in the Digital Age: Business Models, Strategies, Issues and Trends. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Ladendorf, M. (2012). Freelance Journalists’ Ethical Boundary Settings in Information Work. Nordicom Review, 33(1), 83-98.
  • Massey, B. ve Elmore, C. (2011). Happier Working for Themselves? Job Satisfaction and Women Freelance Journalists. Journalism Practice, 5(6), 672-686.
  • Mathisen, B. R. (2017). Entrepreneurs and Idealists: Freelance Journalists at the Intersection of Autonomy and Constraints. Journalism Practice, 11(7), 909-924.
  • McChesney, R. W. ve Pickard, V. (2011). Will The Last Reporter Please Turn Out The Lights? The Collapse of Journalism and What Can Be Done To Fix It. New York: The New Press.
  • McChesney, R. W. ve Nichols, J. (2010). The Death and Life of American Journalism: The Media Revolution That Will Begin the World Again. Philadelphia: Nation Books.
  • Obermaier, M. ve Koch, T. (2015). Mind the Gap: Consequences of Inter-Role Conflicts of Freelance Journalists with Secondary Employment in the Field of Public Relations. Journalism, 16(5), 615-629.
  • Porlezza, C. ve Splendore, S. (2016). Accountability and Transparency of Entrepreneurial Journalism. Journalism Practice, 10(2), 196-216.
  • Ryan, K. M. (2009). The Performative Journalist: Job Satisfaction, Temporary Workers and American Television News. Journalism, 10(5), 647-664.
  • Smith, V. (2011). Freelance Journalism. J. Owen ve H. Purdey (Ed.), International News Reporting: Frontlines and Deadlines içinde (55-70). USA, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Solomon, E. F. (2016). How Freelance Journalists Can Help Shape Journalism Education. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 71(2), 241-247.
  • Standing, G. (2011). The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Türkiye Gazeteciler Sendikası (2015). Freelance Çalışanlara Basın Kartı Kolaylığı. Erişim: 29 Nisan 2018, https://tgs.org.tr/freelance-calisanlara-uluslararasi-basin-karti-kolayligi
  • Wahl-Jorgensen, K. ve Hanitzsch, T. (2009). Introduction: On Why and How We Should Do Journalism Studies. K. Wahl-Jorgensen ve T. Hanitzsch (Ed.), The Handbook of Journalism Studies içinde (3-16). New York: Routledge.
  • Walters, E., Warren, C. ve Dobbie, M. (2006). The Changing Nature of Work. A Global Survey and Case Study of Atypical Work in the Media Industry. International Federation of Journalists.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İlker Erdoğan 0000-0002-6690-4681

Publication Date December 25, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Erdoğan, İ. (2018). Türkiye’de Freelance Gazetecilerin Perspektifinden Freelance Gazetecilik: Profesyonel Kimlik, (Dez)avantajlar ve Sorunlar. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi(29), 31-56. https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.500035

Creative Commons Lisansı TRDizinlogo_live-e1586763957746.png