Abstract
Technological developments have substantially increased the supply and demand of photographs. Rapid developments in the digital photography technologies in particular are the main reasons for this supply and demand increase. Economical organization of this supply and demand at image markets is named as "image bank". In parallel with globalization processes, the image banking has brought an economic organization into life in which the image producer is totally externalized as a necessity of global image market. This study examines a global and a local actor of the global image market comparatively. The companies Getty Image and Görsel Pazar 7/24 are firstly analyzed on micro economical level in order to reveal the relationship of these two companies with their producers and customers. Furthermore the contents of the web sites of these companies are analyzed and the images offered in these sites are examined. It is found that local smaller companies are forced to function as "incumbent representatives" of global big companies in the market. Additionally, facts such as monopoly tendency in the global image market, flexible employment models, strict control of delivery and determination of the content in compliance with the market and customers, are all together responsible for the increasing similarity the contents produced.
References
- "About Getty Images" (2006), http://corporate.gettyimages.com/source/investors/ index.aspx?pageID=financialReleases&shPage=releaseDetail.cfm&ReleaseID=1 86011, 21.02.2006
- DORFMAN John (2002) "Digital Dangers: The New Forces that Threaten Photojournalism", Colombia Journalism Review, Issue 4: July/ Aug.
- Getty Images (2001), "Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934", http://www.shareholder.com/Common/ Edgar/1047202/891020-02-361/02-00.pdf, 21.02.2006
- "Getty Images Reports Financial Results For The Fourth Quarter And Full Year Of 2005" (2006), http://corporate.gettyimages.com/source/investors/index. aspx?page›d=financialreleases&shpage=releasedetail.cfm&release›d=186011, 26.03.2006
- HEPD‹NÇER Tolga (2005), "Foto¤raf Ajanslar› Ekseninde 1950’li Y›llardan Günümüze, Dönüflen Foto¤raf Üretimi, Da¤›t›m› ve Mülkiyet ‹liflkileri", http://www.fotomuhabiri.com/fotokultur/tolga01.html, 20.09.2005
- HOWE Peter (2002), "The Photographer’s Eye in a Digital World", Colombia Journalism Review, Issue 4: July/ Aug
- MACDONALD Elizabeth (2000) "Image Problem", Forbes, 16/10/2000, Vol. 166, Issue 11.
- MACHIN David (2004), "Building the world’s visual language: the increasing global importance of image banks in corporate media", Visual Communication, Vol 3 (3): 316-336.
- MAYES Stephen (2005), "All Change, No Change: The Stock Industry In 2030", Photo District News, New York: Oct 2005, Vol. 25, Iss.10:162-163. "Media Profiles Getty" (2006), http://www.ketupa.net/getty.htm, 21.02.2006
- MORLEY David ve ROBINS Kevin (1997), Kimlik Mekânlar›, Küresel Medya, Elektronik Ortamlar ve Kültürel S›n›rlar, Çev.Emrehan Zeybeko¤lu, ‹stanbul, Ayr›nt› Yay›nlar›.
- SOYAK Alkan (der.) (2002), "Küreselleflme, Teknoloji Politikas›, Türkiye: S›nai Mülkiyet Haklar› ve Ar-Ge Destekleri Aç›s›ndan Bir De¤erlendirme", Küreselleflme, ‹ktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karfl›tl›klar, ‹stanbul, Om Yay›nlar›.
- SUNGUR Ebru (2004), "Görsel Pazar 724", http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2004/11/20/ business/axbus01.html, 13.01.2006
- YALINPALA Jale (2002), "Küreselleflmenin Emek Piyasas› ve ‹stihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri", Küreselleflme, ‹ktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karfl›tl›klar, Der.: Alkan Soyak, ‹stanbul, Om Yay›nlar›.
- WEISGRAU Richard (2000), "Collective administration of media photographers' copyright rights", http://www.asmp.org/publications/whitepaper2.php,21.01.2006
Abstract
Les développements technologiques ont vraiment augmenté l'offre et la demande des photographes. Les développements rapides des technologies de la photographie numérique particulièrement sont les principales raisons dans l'augmentation de cette offre et demande. L'organisation économique de cet offre et demande dans l'image bancaire est appelé « image banque ». En même temps avec les globalisation procédés, l'image bancaire a conduit à une organisation économique dans la vie dans laquelle l'image productrice est complètement à l'extérieur comme une nécessité de la globalle image marché. Cette étude examine un global et local actor de la globalle image marché en comparaison. Les compagnies Getty Image et Görsel Pazar 7/24 sont analysés premièrement à un niveau économique pour révéler la relation de ces deux compagnies avec les producteurs et les clients. De plus, la contenue de website de ces compagnies sont analysées et les images offertes dans ces websites sont examinées. On a trouvé que les locales et petites compagnies sont forcées pour fonctionner comme « titulaire représentatives » des globales et grandes compagnies dans le marché. En plus, les réalités comme la tendance de monopolie dans la globalle image marché, les modelles de flexible emploi, la sévère controle de la livraison et la détermination de la contenu en conformité du marché et les clients sont tous les responsables de l'importante similarité des contenus produits.
References
- "About Getty Images" (2006), http://corporate.gettyimages.com/source/investors/ index.aspx?pageID=financialReleases&shPage=releaseDetail.cfm&ReleaseID=1 86011, 21.02.2006
- DORFMAN John (2002) "Digital Dangers: The New Forces that Threaten Photojournalism", Colombia Journalism Review, Issue 4: July/ Aug.
- Getty Images (2001), "Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934", http://www.shareholder.com/Common/ Edgar/1047202/891020-02-361/02-00.pdf, 21.02.2006
- "Getty Images Reports Financial Results For The Fourth Quarter And Full Year Of 2005" (2006), http://corporate.gettyimages.com/source/investors/index. aspx?page›d=financialreleases&shpage=releasedetail.cfm&release›d=186011, 26.03.2006
- HEPD‹NÇER Tolga (2005), "Foto¤raf Ajanslar› Ekseninde 1950’li Y›llardan Günümüze, Dönüflen Foto¤raf Üretimi, Da¤›t›m› ve Mülkiyet ‹liflkileri", http://www.fotomuhabiri.com/fotokultur/tolga01.html, 20.09.2005
- HOWE Peter (2002), "The Photographer’s Eye in a Digital World", Colombia Journalism Review, Issue 4: July/ Aug
- MACDONALD Elizabeth (2000) "Image Problem", Forbes, 16/10/2000, Vol. 166, Issue 11.
- MACHIN David (2004), "Building the world’s visual language: the increasing global importance of image banks in corporate media", Visual Communication, Vol 3 (3): 316-336.
- MAYES Stephen (2005), "All Change, No Change: The Stock Industry In 2030", Photo District News, New York: Oct 2005, Vol. 25, Iss.10:162-163. "Media Profiles Getty" (2006), http://www.ketupa.net/getty.htm, 21.02.2006
- MORLEY David ve ROBINS Kevin (1997), Kimlik Mekânlar›, Küresel Medya, Elektronik Ortamlar ve Kültürel S›n›rlar, Çev.Emrehan Zeybeko¤lu, ‹stanbul, Ayr›nt› Yay›nlar›.
- SOYAK Alkan (der.) (2002), "Küreselleflme, Teknoloji Politikas›, Türkiye: S›nai Mülkiyet Haklar› ve Ar-Ge Destekleri Aç›s›ndan Bir De¤erlendirme", Küreselleflme, ‹ktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karfl›tl›klar, ‹stanbul, Om Yay›nlar›.
- SUNGUR Ebru (2004), "Görsel Pazar 724", http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2004/11/20/ business/axbus01.html, 13.01.2006
- YALINPALA Jale (2002), "Küreselleflmenin Emek Piyasas› ve ‹stihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri", Küreselleflme, ‹ktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karfl›tl›klar, Der.: Alkan Soyak, ‹stanbul, Om Yay›nlar›.
- WEISGRAU Richard (2000), "Collective administration of media photographers' copyright rights", http://www.asmp.org/publications/whitepaper2.php,21.01.2006
Abstract
Teknolojik gelişmeler, üretilen ve talep edilen görüntü miktarında olağanüstü bir artış yaratmıştır. Özellikle dijital fotoğraf teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmeler, bu arz ve talep artışındaki en önemli nedendir. Görüntü pazarındaki bu arz ve talebin ekonomik örgütlenmesi, görüntü bankacılığı olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Globalleşme süreçlerine koşut olarak ortaya çıkan görüntü bankacılığı görüntü üreticisini bütünüyle dışlayan bir ekonomik örgütlenmeyi global görüntü pazarının bir gereği olarak gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, global görüntü pazarının global ve yerel iki aktörü karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Getty Image ve Görsel Pazar 7/24 adlı kuruluşlar öncelikle mikro ekonomik bir çözümlemeye tâbi tutulmuştur. Bu çözümleme ile iki kuruluşun üretici ve tüketicilerle olan ilişkileri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra bu kuruluşların web sitelerindeki içerik çözümlenerek görselleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ulaşılan veriler, görüntü pazarındaki yerel küçük şirketlerin, bu alandaki global büyük şirketlerin "zorunlu temsilcileri" olarak iş gördüklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, global görüntü pazarındaki tekelleşme eğilimi, esnek istihdam modelleri, dağıtımın sıkı kontrolü ve içeriğin pazara ve müşterilere göre belirlenmesi gibi olgular, üretilen içeriklerin de giderek birbirine daha benzer olması sonucunu doğurmaktadır.
References
- "About Getty Images" (2006), http://corporate.gettyimages.com/source/investors/ index.aspx?pageID=financialReleases&shPage=releaseDetail.cfm&ReleaseID=1 86011, 21.02.2006
- DORFMAN John (2002) "Digital Dangers: The New Forces that Threaten Photojournalism", Colombia Journalism Review, Issue 4: July/ Aug.
- Getty Images (2001), "Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934", http://www.shareholder.com/Common/ Edgar/1047202/891020-02-361/02-00.pdf, 21.02.2006
- "Getty Images Reports Financial Results For The Fourth Quarter And Full Year Of 2005" (2006), http://corporate.gettyimages.com/source/investors/index. aspx?page›d=financialreleases&shpage=releasedetail.cfm&release›d=186011, 26.03.2006
- HEPD‹NÇER Tolga (2005), "Foto¤raf Ajanslar› Ekseninde 1950’li Y›llardan Günümüze, Dönüflen Foto¤raf Üretimi, Da¤›t›m› ve Mülkiyet ‹liflkileri", http://www.fotomuhabiri.com/fotokultur/tolga01.html, 20.09.2005
- HOWE Peter (2002), "The Photographer’s Eye in a Digital World", Colombia Journalism Review, Issue 4: July/ Aug
- MACDONALD Elizabeth (2000) "Image Problem", Forbes, 16/10/2000, Vol. 166, Issue 11.
- MACHIN David (2004), "Building the world’s visual language: the increasing global importance of image banks in corporate media", Visual Communication, Vol 3 (3): 316-336.
- MAYES Stephen (2005), "All Change, No Change: The Stock Industry In 2030", Photo District News, New York: Oct 2005, Vol. 25, Iss.10:162-163. "Media Profiles Getty" (2006), http://www.ketupa.net/getty.htm, 21.02.2006
- MORLEY David ve ROBINS Kevin (1997), Kimlik Mekânlar›, Küresel Medya, Elektronik Ortamlar ve Kültürel S›n›rlar, Çev.Emrehan Zeybeko¤lu, ‹stanbul, Ayr›nt› Yay›nlar›.
- SOYAK Alkan (der.) (2002), "Küreselleflme, Teknoloji Politikas›, Türkiye: S›nai Mülkiyet Haklar› ve Ar-Ge Destekleri Aç›s›ndan Bir De¤erlendirme", Küreselleflme, ‹ktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karfl›tl›klar, ‹stanbul, Om Yay›nlar›.
- SUNGUR Ebru (2004), "Görsel Pazar 724", http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2004/11/20/ business/axbus01.html, 13.01.2006
- YALINPALA Jale (2002), "Küreselleflmenin Emek Piyasas› ve ‹stihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri", Küreselleflme, ‹ktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karfl›tl›klar, Der.: Alkan Soyak, ‹stanbul, Om Yay›nlar›.
- WEISGRAU Richard (2000), "Collective administration of media photographers' copyright rights", http://www.asmp.org/publications/whitepaper2.php,21.01.2006
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 1, 2008 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2008Issue: 8 |
